浅析高考英语七选五阅读题解题策略

杨红

2016年湖南高考英语将使用全国卷，考生将遇到一道新题型就是阅读七选五。此题将给出考生一篇三百个词左右的短文，要求从所给的七个选项中选出五个答案填入文章的空格处，使文章完整。考生要拿到高分，必须了解文章的主旨大意，掌握作者的写作目的，同时要从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构，理解句与句之间、段与段之间的联系。在此，作者将简要分析其解题策略。

一、高考大纲要求

阅读七选五主要考查学生的英语逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力。

试题模式：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握（考试说明）。下面以2016年全国新课标卷I中的七选五阅读题为例，分析其命题特征、解题步骤以及解题技巧：

Secret code （密码） keep messages private. Banks， companies， and government agencies use secret codes in doing business， especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36.

Code breaking never lags （落后） far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37. For example， the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.

38. You might represent each letter with a number， for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet， in order， from 1 to 26. If we subtitle a number for each letter， the message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 5 20 1 3 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words， phrases， or sentences. To read the message of a real code， you must have a code book. 39. For example， “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out ” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40. However， it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changes frequently.

A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language， some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes， people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

答案：DEGFA。

二、命题特征

（1）选材特征：一般为三百个词左右的短文，以记叙文和说明文为主。

（2）语篇特征： 段落前后往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达甚至相同词汇出现。上下文出現过的代词和下文涉及的近义词和同一范畴词都是值得注意的衔接手段。

（3）设空特点：一般有五种，即标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类和语篇拓展类。

三、解题步骤

首先，通读全文，理解文章大意；其次，浏览选项，结合语篇意义，初定选项 ；再次，详细阅读，确定答案；然后，对比分析，排除干扰；最后，重读全文，验证答案。

四、细节类题型解题技巧

1.关注词汇重复出现

复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。

如：...Remember to reward yourself and to celebrate your successes. .In the same way，how can you motivate yourself if youre not going to reward yourself and celebrate your successes？

A. Imagine having already achieved it.

B. Get help and support when youre not feeling motivated.

C. Let them inspire you to access your own great desire within.

D. Would you be able to properly train a dog without rewarding him.

答案：D。

雙保险法：上下文再核实一下。

2.关注逻辑关系词

语篇逻辑表示语可以是表示时间顺序的first， then， next等，也可以是表达作者组织语篇方式的for example， in other words， in short等。它们不仅能表达相邻句子之间的关系，还能表明某一特定语境的总体走向。因此，关注逻辑标示语就可以更好地理解文章的结构和需要表达的内容。

... At first， I was paid in candy.

. I worked every day after school， and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 am to 7 pm...

A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.

B. Before long， she let me sit there by myself.

C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.

D. Today I still carry that lesson with me how to handle responsibility.

答案：A。

3.关注代词的指代

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

... It is a very happy day for many boys and girls. Before the terms ends in some schools， the children act a nativity（基督诞生）or “birth” play， showing how Jesus was born in a stable（马厩）.

A. People are often busy going shopping.

B. Now the Chinese people also celebrate Christmas.

C. The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten.

D. Christmas Day falls on the twenty-fifty of December.

答案：D。

4.逻辑关系线索

（1）并列与递进关系。

...From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money，and time .

Money is a topic I'll save for another day...

A. Ability is easily improved.

B. Understand your food better.

C. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

D. A little time planning ahead can a lot of work later on.

E. Try new things.

F. Make three or four instead.

答案： A。

（2）因果关系。

... Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together. They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents...

A. So a number of parents began home-schooling.

B. Home schooling is not accepted by all the people.

C. Parents choose home schooling for several reasons.

D. Most often， their parents are their teachers.

答案：C。

（3）转折让步关系。

英语中表示转折的词有but， however，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand，unfortunately，despite，in spite of等.

如：...This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired.

However，coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake...

A. So，whats a good sleep？

B. A bedtime drink can also help.

C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.

D. Nothing is more important than health.

答案：B。

五、篇章結构类题解题方法

学生可以根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略。

1.如果设空在段首

段首句通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句；关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。

Every day ，when she comes back home from work， she sets about doing housework， sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture， and putting everything in order. She seems to be busy all the time... Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself， but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.

A. She enjoys listening to class music.

B. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.

C. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.

D. As a mother， she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.

答案：C。

2.如果设空在段尾

通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore， as a result， thus， hence， in short， to sum up， to conclude， in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

A clear minute past the average swimmer，this young man finally finished his race. The crowd went wild. Even though he recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history，this man gave more efforts than any of the other competitors. .

A. The race had to restart.

B. But I do know a good dive from a poor one.

C. The crowd laughed more loudly and began to make catcalls （喝倒彩）.

D. He was not a winner of medals， but ought to be one of sportsmanship.

答案：D。

总之，笔者总结的知识具有很强的规律可循，但在平时的练习中可能没有太多的解题线索。在做阅读七选五时，考生一定要按步骤解题。我相信，只要考生在掌握了一定策略的情况下多做题，阅读七选五一定不会成为考生的绊脚石。

（作者单位：湖南省古丈县第一中学）