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住院精神分裂症患者抽象色彩偏好实验研究

2017-04-14程雪蒋国庆谭小林杨辉符巍

中国现代医生 2017年3期
关键词:精神分裂症年龄

程雪 蒋国庆 谭小林++杨辉++符巍+ 史战明

[摘要] 目的 探讨不同性别、年龄、受教育程度住院精神分裂症患者抽象色彩偏好差异。 方法 纳入1320名住院精神分裂症患者及1005名正常人群作为研究对象,采用对偶比较法进行色彩偏好实验。 结果 (1)精神分裂症患者最偏爱蓝色、绿色等冷色,与对照组色彩偏好顺序倾向一致,对紫色、黑色的偏好程度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)不同性别、年龄、受教育程度精神分裂症患者色彩偏好顺序均倾向一致。男女均最偏好蓝色;女性对橙色、灰色更为偏好,而男性更偏好绿色、蓝色,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄患者在红色、白色、黑色上偏好程度上存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。不同受教育程度患者在红色、蓝色、白色、黑色、灰色偏好程度上存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。 结论 住院精神分裂症患者偏爱蓝色、绿色、紫色、黑色等冷色调;不同性别、年龄、受教育程度患者抽象色彩偏好顺序倾向一致,但其偏好程度存在明显差异。

[关键词] 色彩偏好;精神分裂症;性别;年龄;受教育程度

[中图分类号] R749.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)03-0011-04

A control study of abstract color preferences in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia

CHENG Xue JIANG Guoqing TAN Xiaolin YANG Hui FU Wei SHI Zhanming YUAN Gang NIE Wenyan

Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 401147, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the differences of abstract color preference in schizophrenic patients with different gender, age and educational level. Methods 1320 hospitalized schizophrenic patients and 1005 normal people were selected as subjects. color preference test was conducted by dual comparative method. Results (1) Cool color such as blue and green was prefered by the patients with schizophrenia, which was in accordance with the color preference sequence of the control group. The preference of purple and black in study group was significantly higher than control group, the difference was significant(P<0.05). (2)The accordance of color preference sequence was found consistent among schizo-phrenic patients with different gender, age and educational level. Blue was the most preferred both in male and female. Orange and gray were more preferred by female, while green, blue were more preferred by male, the difference was significant(P<0.05). There was significant difference in red, white and black preference among patients on different ages(P<0.05). There was significant difference in red, blue, white, black and gray preference among patients with different educational levels(P<0.05). Conclusion Hospitalized patients with schizophrenia prefer cool colors such as blue, green, purple and black; The preference sequence of patients with different gender, age and educational level is consistent, but the preference degree is different.

[Key words] Color preference; Schizophrenia; Gender; Age; Educational level

不同色彩會对人们的心理活动产生不同的影响,如红色引起兴奋、喜悦感,蓝色使人感到沉静、舒适,紫色引起厌恶、忧郁等[1]。颜色不仅对人们的生理活动产生影响,也使我们日常生活中情绪、认知加工等心理活动发生变化[2]。色彩偏好是指人在心理上所喜爱或偏好的颜色,大量研究表明,色彩偏好顺序及程度在性别、年龄、人格特征等方面存在显著性差异[3,4],且与其心理健康水平密切相关,即各类不同的心理障碍患者其色彩偏好存在差异[5,6]。精神分裂症是一种病因未明的慢性、致残性精神障碍,临床上主要表现为感知觉、思维、行为等方面的障碍。以往对精神分裂症的研究主要集中在遗传因素、神经发育、神经生化及心理社会因素等方面[7,8],对患者色彩偏好的相关研究较少,因此,本文作了相关调查,采用抽象色块作为实验材料,即不附加于任何具体事物之上的颜色,突出颜色本身的属性,反映患者对颜色的单纯喜爱,以期待完善此类人群的色彩偏好趋势及相关影响因素。

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