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创设语境,互动学习

2017-03-31童冬秀��

关键词:分享欣赏体验

童冬秀��

摘要:语法教学是英语教学不可缺少的内容。CASES模式引导学生在自然、丰富的语言环境中主动探索语法规律,自主归纳出语法规则,从而避免了教学的满堂灌现象,也帮助学生构建了比较完整的英语语法知识体系,能在实践中正确运用英语语法,提高语言输出质量,形成较强的语用能力。

关键词:语境;欣赏;探索;体验;分享

中图分类号:G633.4文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2017)03-026-2

CASES是Context(语境),Appreciating(欣赏),Seek(探索),Experiencing(体验)和Sharing(分享)五个单词的首字母,意为在教师创设的能激发学生兴趣的语境中,师生、生生进行互动,引导学生欣赏语言中隐含的语法结构及其传递的语法意义,并让学生通过观察或小组讨论,探索出语法规则,然后在训练中进行体验,增强语感,最后通过口头交际或书面表达分享学习成果。CASES模式引导学生在自然、丰富的语言环境中主动探索语法规律,自主归纳出语法规则,从而避免了教学的满堂灌现象,也帮助学生构建了比较完整的英语语法知识体系,能在实践中正确运用英语语法,提高语言输出质量,形成较强的语用能力。

在课堂教学中,教师应精心设计贴近学生生活的真实语境,引导学生运用观察、讨论、研究、合作和交流的方法,在实践中学习语法,把语法知识用于实践交流中。因此,教师要在“优化而不淡化语法教学”的指导思想下,借助语境,采用“归纳为主,演绎为辅”的教学策略,引导学生主动获得语法知识,通过实践活动,形成综合运用语言的能力。

英国著名語言学家Dick Allwright在行动研究的基础上提出了以理解语言课堂生活质量为宗旨的“探索型实践”(Exploratory Practice),其国内外影响正在逐步扩大。探索型实践是一种教学研究,它强调对教学采取综合性研究并突出创设真实的课堂环境的重要性,让所有学生都参与其中,在和谐的环境中发展他们的语言能力。笔者在实践的基础上,结合《标准》的要求与探索型实践的理论,在高中英语语法教学中探索运用CASES模式,以达到在生动、具体的语言环境中,让学生通过自己的观察,主动探索归纳出语法知识,并把语法用于实践交流中。

下面,以倒装句的教学为例,谈谈CASES模式在高中英语语法教学中的具体运用。

一、展示语境

热身阶段,笔者通过PPT呈现一则阅读文本,拉开语法学习的序幕。文本如:

Oh no, not again

People from all over the world sat silently in the Shooting Hall. Here came Emmons, the Athens loser. He fired. The target was right this time.

However, the people stood up with a scream. Hardly could people believe their eyes. He only got 44 and fell to the fourth.

Never did Emmons expect it. In no time did he freeze. This unlucky guy, Emmons was leading the moment ago. Not until the last shot did he lose.

Gone was the gold. So was the silver. Even the bronze... So depressed was he that he came up to his wife. He couldnt accept it. Nor could his wife. She did nothing but hug him deeply.

Fortunately, he missed the gold, but not love.

[评析] 上课伊始,利用一则有关体育的阅读文本吸引学生的兴趣,并且此文本含有不同形式的倒装句式,为倒装句教学创设了语境,也为学生接下来积极、有效地参与课堂活动做好了铺垫。

二、欣赏和感悟

学生看完文本后,教师要求他们找出文中出现的倒装句。学生很快发现并找出了各种倒装句式,然后教师在幻灯片上进行呈现。接着,教师引导学生欣赏倒装句的语法结构并领悟其意义。最后,要求学生把找出的倒装句转变成正常语序的句子,加深学生对倒装句的理解和认知。

① Here came Emmons, the Athens loser.

② Hardly could people believe their eyes

③ Never did Emmons expect it.

④ In no time did he freeze

⑤ Not until the last shot did he lose.

⑥ Gone was the gold.

⑦ So was the silver.

⑧ So depressed was he that he came up to his wife.

⑨ Nor could his wife.

① Emmons, the Athens loser came here.

② People could hardly believe their eyes

③ Emmons never expected it.

④ He froze in no time.

⑤ He did not lose until the last shot.

⑥ The gold was gone.

⑦ The silver was gone too.

⑧ He was so depressed that he came up to his wife.

⑨ His wife couldnt accept it either

[评析] 在学生找出倒装句后,让学生比较正常语序的句子和倒装句,既肯定了学生的发现,又让学生对倒装句留下了深刻印象。

三、探索和探究

在学生比较了正常语序的句子和倒装句后,教师引导学生探究倒装句及正常语序句子的不同结构及完全倒装和部分倒装两种不同形式倒装句的特点。

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