2016年中考英语阅读理解精粹
2017-03-28郭克晴
郭克晴
一、图表类阅读理解
A （2016年河南卷）[ Explore and Discover： A City Tour
Discover some of Winnipegs rich historical past on a guided tour！
When： Every Monday and Thursday
Departs： Entrance Union Station
8：30 a.m. （about 2 hours）
Cost： $30 per person
Contact： O Tours 204-254-3170 www.otours.net
Call to book ahead， space is limited， walk-ups welcome！ Winnipeg Railway Museum & Gift Shop
Where the past meets the present
ADMISSION
Adults………………………………$5.00
Students （6～15 years）………………$3.00
5&Under （with a parent）…………. FREE
For group tours
Call 942-4632 or email wpgrail@mts.net
www.wpgrailwaymuseum.com Welcome to The Forks
Six thousand years ago this was a great place to meet. Centuries later， it still is. The Forks is a place where you can visit and find plenty to do， see， taste and experience.
Hours： The Forks is open 24 hours a day， 365 days a year.
The Forks Market Hours：
☆July 1～ September 1
Open daily 9：30 a.m. to 9：00 p.m.
Sundays 9：30 a.m. to 6：30 p.m.
☆September 1～June 30
Open daily 9：30 a.m. to 6：30 p.m.
Fridays 9：30 a.m. to 9：00 p.m.
Info Hotline： 204-957-7618
Toll Free： 1-888-942-6302
www.theforks.com ]
1. You can call _____ if you want to go on A City Tour.
A. 942-4632
B. 204-254-3170
C. 204-957-7618
D. 1-888-942-6302
2. Martin will visit Winnipeg Railway Museum with his 4-year-old daughter. How much should he pay？
A. $3.00. B. $5.00.
C. $8.00. D. $30.00.
3. Which is the proper time to visit The Forks Market？
A. 8：30 a.m. on Sundays in July.
B. 8：30 a.m. on Saturdays in June.
C. 7：30 p.m. on Fridays in August.
D. 7：30 p.m. on Mondays in October.
4. What is mentioned in each part of the text？
A. Open hours.
B. Group tours.
C. Limited space.
D. Historical past.
5. Where is the text probably taken from？
A. A guidebook.
B. A movie poster.
C. A sports magazine.
D. A science report.
B （2016年菏澤卷）
Here are three pieces of information about summer camps in 2016.
[Kids Fleet Camp 2016
Kids Fleet Camp is exciting with rock climbing， golfing， swimming and creative activities.
Camp Dates： June 20～24
Age： 6～16 years old
Costs： $135
More information：
Please call at （619） 238-1233 for any questions.
See more at：
http：//www.rhfleet.org/events/summer-camp. Art It Out Social Skills Camp 2016
We use art to teach children social skills in group， such as： listening and following instructions； making and keeping friends， improving self-confidence， etc.
Camp Dates： June 13～17
Call at 770-726-9589.
For pricing information and details visit our website.
1640 Powers Ferry Rd， Atlanta， GA 30067 Gwinnett Young Singers Music Camp 2016
Summer camp is a lot of fun！ Come and join in new and fun musical activities！ Children can learn so many kinds of musical instruments here.
Camp Dates： July 18～29
Camp hours are 10：00 a.m. to 4：00 p.m.
$150 each week
Please call at 770-935-6657 or visit our website. ]
1. If you like sports， you can join _____.
A. Art It Out Social Skills Camp
B. Kids Fleet Camp
C. Gwinnett Young Singers Music Camp
2. In Art It Out Social Skills Camp kids can learn how to _____.
A. get on with others
B. climb rocks， swim and play golf
C. improve their language skills
3. To spend one week learning music in the camp， youll pay _____.
A. $150 B. $135
C. $300
4. You can visit their website or call them up to _____.
A. make and keep friends
B. see the manager in person
C. get further information about the camps
5. Kids will probably find summer camps _____.
A. safe and cheap
B. boring and dangerous
C. exciting and enjoyable
C （2016年江西卷）[Surfing Lessons
Would you become a surfer if you could？ Well， now you can！ Lessons in surfing， an exciting sport， are available on the beach.
Cost： $30 per person for a half-hour lesson. First lesson half price.
Time： Monday～Friday. 8 a.m.～6 p.m.
Website： www.longbeach.com ][Art Attack Gallery
Do you want to spend summer being Creative？ Come to Art Attack Gallerys afternoon classes.
Age： 12～18
Cost： Free
Time： One afternoon a week for ten weeks.
E-mail： aag269@yahoo.com.cn ][State Theater Performing Arts Camp
Summer camp in Henley village.
The State Theater offers performing arts classes including music， dance， drama.
Course dates： 14th～23rd July； 24th July～2nd August； 4th～13th August； 14th～23rd August
Age： 13～19
Cost： $250 （including all meals）
Tel： 6578777 ]
1. How much should we pay for the first surfing lesson？
A. $15. B. $30.
C. $45. D. $60.
2. Where can we learn music according to the ads above？
A. At Long Beach.
B. At Surfing Lessons.
C. At Art Attack Gallery.
D. At State Theater Performing Arts Camp.
3. When does the State Theater offer performing arts classes？
A. 4th～13th July.
B. 4th～23rd August.
C. 24th July～2nd August.
D. 14th July～23rd August.
二、哲理故事
A （2016年河南卷）
A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery （外科手術）. He found the boys father in the hall waiting worriedly.
On seeing him， the father cried out， “Why did you take all this time to come？ Dont you know that my son is in danger？ Dont you have any sense of duty？”
The doctor smiled and said， “I am sorry. I wasnt in the hospital and I came as fast as I could after receiving the call and now. I wish youd calm down so that I can do my work.”
“Calm down？！ What if your son was in this room right now？ Would you calm down？ If your own son dies while waiting for a doctor， then what will you do？” said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again and replied， “We will do our best and you should also pray （祈祷） for your sons healthy life.”
The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happy， “Thank goodness！ Your son is saved！” And without waiting for the fathers reply he carried on his way running by saying， “If you have any questions， ask the nurse.”
“Couldnt he wait some minutes so that I can ask about my sons state？” shouted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left.
The nurse answered， tears coming down her face. “His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was at the burial （葬礼） when we called him for your sons surgery. And now that he saved your sons life， he left running to finish his sons burial.”
1. What did the doctor do after he received the call for the surgery？
A. He asked another doctor to do his duty.
B. He went to the hospital as soon as possible.
C. He discussed the boys state with the father.
D. he waited until his sons burial was finished.
2. The father shouted at the doctor because he thought _____.
A. he had waited too long
B. no one cared for his son
C. the doctor was cold to him
D. the surgery took a long time
3. Who told the truth to the father in the end？
A. The doctor. B. The nurse.
C. His son. D. A patient.
4. How might the father feel after he knew the truth？
A. Angry. B. Excited.
C. Sorry. D. Doubtful.
5. What is the best title for the text？
A. Seeing is believing.
B. Time waits for no man.
C. Practice makes perfect.
D. Think before you decide.
B （2016年菏澤卷）
In life， everyone once struggles for a dream， whether its successful or not. I still clearly remember one day when I was in high school， I saw on a website that Chinas Got Talents mass-election （海选） for the best singers was going on. I was very excited and decided to go and try out. But it wasnt as easy as I had thought. When I got there， I saw at least 100 people already waiting in line. My hands started to sweat and shake as my turn got close. I got up and started singing， but I sang so badly that I stopped before I even finished the song. Afterwards I quickly said goodbye to my friends and walked home crying. I thought that I would never be able to show my face in public again.
However， after about a year， that terrible experience became a funny memory. I realized that I didnt need to care about losing that dream， because I made a new and more realistic one. Im good at English， as well as other subjects. I made it my goal to get accepted into Columbia University. Columbia is hard to get into， and about 1，300 students from all over the world are accepted every year. Though it is hard to get into， I think my dream will come true someday by working hard！
1. As a _____ student， the writer took part in Chinas Got Talents mass-election.
A. primary school B. university
C. high school
2. As the writers turn got close， _____.
A. he felt very nervous and uneasy
B. he got up and started singing
C. more than 100 people were waiting in line
3. When the writer went back home， _____.
A. all his friends were with him
B. he thought it a shame to have sung so badly
C. he was very excited and decided to try out again
4. What does the underlined word “realistic” mean in the second paragraph？
A. 有意义的 B. 现实的
C. 有创新的
5. After about a year， the writer _____.
A. got accepted into Columbia University
B. still cared about losing the dream of becoming a singer
C. made a new dream to get into Columbia University
C （2016年河北卷）
Let me tell you about a young boy who made a model car all on his own. The boy is me， six years ago when I was just 11. The car was small and simple， but in my imagination it was a high-speed racing car， speeding along the race road.
It was during the school summer holidays and workmen were building a new driveway and garage （車库） beside our house. It meant to add something new to our home. When I watched the workmen， I came up with an idea—I would build a car to drive into the garage in celebration of it. I told my mother and began with my plans. But I couldnt find the right things for making the car， so I gave up and sadly spent several days doing nothing. My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why. I explained and she suggested that maybe I should change my plan to fit the things I had， rather than give up.
And thats just what I did. I found small pieces of wood in my fathers workshop and made my car from anything that was lying around the house. When I found a small engine （发动机） from one of my old model planes， I added that. The power came from a battery （电池） I found in a box.
By the time the garage was finished， so was my car. I called my family together outside the house， started the engine and put the car on the driveway. It was fast and I had to run to the garage to prevent it from hitting the new door. My family began to cheer and I smiled proudly. Thanks to my mother， I learned the value of continuing to do things， especially something difficult. Soon I was making plans for my next project： a robot！
1. The writer was _____ when he made the model car.
A. a student B. a driver
C. a workman D. an engineer
2. The writer _____ making the first planned car.
A. gave up B. felt excited about
C. was very busy D. spent several days
3. To help the writer， his mother _____.
A. explained the plan to him
B. brought him to the workshop
C. gave him some suggestions
D. found him some pieces of wood
4. By the time the car was finished， _____.
A. the writer thanked his father
B. the family was called together
C. the writer put it into the house
D. the family began a new project
5. What did the writer mainly tell us？
A. Keep on doing things to the end.
B. Think hard before doing something.
C. Always ask for help when in trouble.
D. Try the best to find the right things to do.
D （2016年铜仁卷）
A poor boy lived in a small town. He sold goods from door to door to pay for school. One day， he had only one cent left， and he was hungry. He decided that he would ask for a meal at the next house. However， when a young woman opened the door， the boy was shy， so he just asked for some water. The woman knew he was hungry， so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly， and then asked， “How much should I pay for it？” “You wont pay for it. My mother has told me that it is good to help the people who are in trouble.” She replied. The boy said， “Then I thank you from my heart.” As the boy left that house， he felt stronger. He knew he had many things to do.
Many years later， the young woman became ill. The local doctors couldnt save her. People had to send her to a big city. When the doctor knew who the woman was， he was excited and tried his best to save her life. He succeeded. The woman needed to pay for the medical bill. The doctor learned that she couldnt afford it. So he wrote something down on the medical bill. The woman read the bill， “You have paid it with a glass of milk.”
1. The poor boy sold goods from door to door because _____.
A. he had no money left
B. he needed money to buy some food
C. he wanted to raise money for Project Hope
D. he had to make money for his school
2. Why was the young woman sent to a hospital in a big city？
A. Because she was seriously ill.
B. Because she had lots of money.
C. Because she wanted to visit the doctor.
D. Because she knew the poor boy worked there.
3. From the passage we can know the doctor （the poor boy） _____.
A. let the young woman pay for the bill
B. was always thankful for the young womans kindness
C. didnt remember the young woman
D. failed to save the young womans life
4. Which of the following sentences is TRUE？
A. The young woman had a bad mother.
B. The poor boy asked for some money.
C. The young woman and her mother were both kind to others.
D. The poor boy became a famous engineer when he grew up.
5. Whats the best title （標题） for the article？
A. A Kind Mother.
B. A Lovely Young Woman.
C. A Poor Boy.
D. A Glass of Milk.
三、日常生活
A （2016年泰安卷）
Michael wanted to make some money to buy a new computer game， but he did not know how， so he went to ask his brother Greg for help.
“I think you could help to wash Moms and Dads cars，” Greg said. “Some of the neighbors would pay you to wash theirs， too. Its getting colder and no one wants to wash the cars themselves.”
Michael agreed， but he shivered （哆嗦） at the thought of washing cars and getting wet in cold weather. “Maybe this isnt a good idea.”
“Dont worry，” Greg said. “I have some golf （高爾夫） gloves （手套）. You can use them to wash cars， and I will even help you to wash the cars.” “Thank you！” Michael said.
After spending the day washing cars， Michael got enough money and went to the store with Greg. He found the game he wanted quickly， but as he took it off the shelf he saw a golf video game next to it. He knew Greg loved golf and wouldnt play golf in winter， so he put his game back and decided to buy the golf video game.
“What are you doing？” Greg asked. “I thought this game would be more fun，” said Michael. “We can play it together.”
1. For what purpose did Michael want to make money？
A. To help support his family.
B. To buy a gift for his Mom.
C. To buy a new computer game.
D. To buy some golf gloves.
2. How could Michael make money in Gregs opinion？
A. By asking Mom for a little.
B. By washing cars for others.
C. By washing their fathers car.
D. By designing a computer game.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Michael enjoyed playing with cold water.
B. Michael asked his brother to buy a golf video game.
C. Michael bought a golf video game for his brother and himself.
D. Michael had difficulty finding the computer game he wanted.
4. Whats the passage mainly about？
A. Michaels childhood.
B. Michael and his neighbors.
C. How Michael made money.
D. How Michael and Greg helped each other.
B （2016年丽水卷）
One day， Susie was unhappy when she came home from school. “Whats the matter， my dear？” asked her mother， drawing her to her side and smiling.
“All our class must hand in compositions tomorrow. We must write 12 lines at least. But I can never write one. Ill have to go to school without a composition， for I wont copy one from a book， or ask you or papa to write one for me.”
“Thats right，” said her mother. “Youll be happier with a poor composition， if its your own， than with a fine one written by somebody else. But cheer up. Run into the garden and play. Ill call you in half an hour. Dont think about your composition now. Just have a good time.”
It seemed just a few minutes to Susie before she heard her mother calling her. She went into the house immediately—her hands full of sweet flowers， and her face red with exercise.
Then her mother asked her to sit by the window with a nice piece of paper and a pencil， and write something about what she could see. “Never mind your composition； do this to please me， and well talk about that later.”
Although Susie thought her mothers request was strange， she knew she always had a good reason for everything she did. So she did as her mother requested.
As she looked out， she first saw the western sky and some bright， sunset clouds. “Oh， mother， what a sunset！”
“Dont talk. Just write.”
The pencil began moving rapidly across the paper. She wrote about the sunset clouds， the look of the distant hills， the streets， the river， the garden with its flowers， and the birds flying past the window. She forgot all about the terrible composition！
Just as she had reached the bottom of the page， her mother came in and said with a smile， “Well， Susie， how does that composition come on？”
“Composition！ You told me not to think about it， and Ive never thought of it once. Ive had such a nice time writing about what I could see from the window.”
Mrs. Smith took the paper and read what Susie had written. She said， “There， Susie， thats a very nice composition， really.”
“A composition！ Is that a composition？” Susie asked in surprise.
“Yes， my dear， and a very good one， too， if we find a title for it，” replied her mother. Then she added， “Im sure it will please your teacher， as it does me. You see， its easy enough to write a composition if you have anything interesting to write about.”
1. Susie was unhappy when she came home because _____.
A. she was punished by her teacher
B. she couldnt write a composition
C. she forgot to take her composition home
D. she didnt get on well with her classmates
2. From the story we can know Susies mother _____.
A. had never understood her daughter
B. had never talked with Susies teacher
C. knew how to write a good composition
D. wrote the composition for her daughter
3. The title of Susies composition might be _____.
A. My Helpful Clever Mother
B. The Beautiful Sights at Sunset
C. How to Please Your Teacher
D. How to Have a Pleasant Time
4. What might happen the next morning？
A. Susies classmates would laugh at her.
B. Susies teacher would be angry with her.
C. Susies mother would ask her to stay at home.
D. Susie would hand in her composition happily.
C （2016年攀枝花卷）
In a cold winter， a couple had to move out of their big house because of bankruptcy （破產）. The husband worked day and night but with no care of his wife. So she thought， “He doesnt love me anymore； he just thinks about his work.”
One day， she wanted to take a shower， but her husband stopped her at the door.“Let me take it first， OK？”
“Why not let me take it first？” she asked. “Iam tired， dear. You take it later， OK？”
She was very sad.
On a rainy day， she found nothing to do and turned on his computer. After a few minutes， her eyes were full of tears … it was his diary：
Today， I was quite sad. My wife asked me why I was always taking the shower first， and I said I was tired. She was unhappy. I wasnt as rich as before！ We moved to the small house and it was very cold. I found that if one person took the shower first， the bathroom could get a little warmer. So I always rushed to the bathroom first. When she took the shower， the bathroom could get warmer， at least 1℃. I cant give her more， but at least I can give her love.
1. The couple moved out of their big house because _____.
A. they became poor
B. they found a new house
C. they didnt love each other
D. they found new jobs in other place
2. Why did the woman think her husband didnt love her？
A. Because he had another woman.
B. Because he took the shower first.
C. Because he worked day and night.
D. Because he was too busy to take notice of her.
3. What made the woman full of tears？
A. She felt her husbands love from his diary.
B. She was sad to see her husbands words.
C. Her husband worked day and night.
D. She couldnt take the shower first.
4. The husband took the shower first because _____.
A. he didnt care about his wife
B. he wanted to make the bathroom warmer
C. he was tired and wanted to go to bed earlier
D. he thought men should take the shower first
5. What is the best title of this passage？
A. 1℃ Love.
B. A Diary on the Computer.
C. The Couple Loved Each Other.
D. The Best Way to Express Love.
四、名人故事
A （2016年阜康米泉卷）
Tu Youyou， an 84-year-old female （女性） scientist， became the first Chinese to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5. Before that， she ever won the 2011 Lasker Award for finding out artemisinin （Qinghaosu）， which saved millions of lives. She was grateful （感激的） for the Lasker prize， but said， “It is just a scientists duty. I will go on fighting for the health of all humans.”
Tu kept her work in the 1960s and 1970s. In that age， Malaria （疟疾） could take away peoples health. Scientists all over the world had already tried over 240，000 times but failed. Tu Youyou， a member of the Academy of Trad-
itional Chinese Medicine， Beijing， began to study Chinese herbs.
Before 2011， people didnt know Tu very much. Many friends played jokes with her “the Professor of Three Nones”： no degree （学位）， no study experience abroad， not a member of any Chinese national colleges. But she is hard-working. She read a lot of traditional Chinese medicine books and did a lot of researches on the disease.
In February， 2012， Tu was named National Outstanding Females （One of the Ten）. Tu is now a model of Chinese medical workers.
1. Artemisinin is used to _____.
A. make medicine B. make food
C. get award D. do the experiment
2. In the 1960s and 1970s _____ could find ways to stop the Malaria.
A. scientists in China
B. only Tu Youyou
C. scientists all over the world
D. no scientist
3. Tu Youyou became very famous _____.
A. in the 1960s B. in 1970
C. before 2011 D. after 2012
4. From Tu Youyous story， we know that she is a _____ woman.
A. friendly B. kind
C. clever D. hard-working
5. What cant we learn from the passage？
A. Tu Youyou was the winner of 2011 Lasker Award.
B. Tu Youyou was a professor of much experience abroad.
C. Tu Youyou is the finder of artemisinin.
D. Tu Youyou was one of the ten National Outstanding Females.
B （2016年東营卷）
We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every detail （细节） of all the events in her daily life.
Rebecca Sharrock， 25， is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been identified （确定） as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory （HSAM超级自传体记忆症）. It means she can remember every small event which most people would forget within （在……以内） days—as if it had happened just minutes ago.
“I remember my mum putting me in the drivers seat of a car and taking a picture of me when I was 12 days old，” she said. “Thats my earliest memory. I remember every day since then. I cant tell all the dates exactly because I was too young to understand calendars， but I remember what I did that very day， what the weather was like and so on.”
Rebecca can also re-experience taste. If shes eating something that she doesnt like， she thinks about Black Forest cake， her favorite food， and the memory will be so strong that she can nearly “taste” it.
However， sometimes her memories prove （證明） to be painful. Because theyre not just events that she remembers. “When I relive （再经历） memories， the feelings return， too.” Rebecca said. “For example， I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now， I feel painful in my left knee.”
“At night， I have to sleep with the radio / recorder and a soft light on，” she added. “If its too dark or quiet， my mind would be filled with all these memories and I cant sleep.”
1. Which is NOT true about Rebecca？
A. She has special memories.
B. She is from Australia.
C. She is 25 years old.
D. She can remember every detail of all the events.
2. What happened to Rebecca on the day when she was 3 years old？
A. She was identified as having HSAM.
B. Her mother put her in a car and took a picture of her.
C. She started to understand calendars.
D. She hurt her left knee at her grandparents.
3. Whenever she is reliving her memories， _____.
A. she is happy
B. she experiences the feelings again
C. she feels pain in her knees
D. she can taste her favorite food
4. What is the result of having HSAM？
A. She can remember every event in her daily life.
B. She can re-experience taste.
C. She can relive feelings.
D. All the above.
5. From the passage， we can infer （推断） that _____.
A. HSAM can do her good， but it also brings her pain
B. she feels painful if she recalls her experiences
C. she can fall asleep while she is re-experiencing memories
D. HSAM can greatly improve her living conditions
C （2016年江西卷）
Carlton Joseph is a fashion designer （服装设计师）， but not just any fashion designer. He appears on television， he writes books， and he owns his own fashion house.
Born in 1980， Carlton started designing clothes when he was eleven. His father owned a clothes store， and Carlton used to work there at the weekend. Then he did a design course at college.
When he was 21， someone suggested doing a TV program. He made his first show “Carltons Clothes” in 2004， and he wrote his first book in the same year. Since then he has written four more. Carlton got married to TV producer Susan Mills in 2005.
Three months ago， Carlton started his new company. He called it “Design： Carlton”.
At work Carlton always wears black trousers and a black coat， but at home， or when he goes out， he wears clothes with bright colors （red， blue and yellow）. He is especially crazy about new glasses； he buys a new pair every few weeks. “I like to look different every day，” he says.
Carlton started wearing glasses when he was twelve. He dyed （給……染色） his hair red when he was 18. It is still red， and this year， for the first time， he has grown a beard. “My wife likes it， thats why” is his explanation. But his beard is black！
1. How old was Carlton when he wrote his first book？
A. 11. B. 21.
C. 24. D. 25.
2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to？
A. Carltons hair. B. Carltons beard.
C. Carltons coat. D. Carltons company.
3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5？
A. Carlton likes to look different.
B. Carlton is a hard-working person.
C. Carlton is crazy about new glasses.
D. Carlton loves wearing colorful clothes.
4. Which of the following is due according to the passage？
A. Carlton is just a common fashion designer.
B. Carlton started his new fashion company in 2005.
C. Carlton made his first show after he got married to Susan.
D. Carlton got some design experience before going to college.
D （2016年南京卷）
Rachel Carson （1907～1964） was a pioneer of the worlds environmental movement through her writing about the protection of the natural world. Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people. It describes the harmful changes in the environment of using toxic （有害的） chemicals on farmland.
Carsons career started as a biologist in the US Bureau of Fisheries. In 1951 she published her first book， The Sea Around Us， which became a bestseller. It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next two books were also about the oceans and both topped the book sales lists.
Carsons book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature. It painted a bleak （荒凉的） future for the whole natural world. It led to a nationwide ban （禁止） on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT， and other toxic pesticides （农药） that farmers used for their crops. Many people say the book led to the creation of Americas Environmental Protection Agency.
Since her death， Carsons name has continued to be connected with protecting the environment. There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize. Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to the women who have made great contributions to the field of environmental protection. In 1980， 16 years after her death， she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom， the highest civilian honour in America.
1. What happened to Rachel Carson in 1962？
A. She started to write books.
B. She gave up working as a biologist.
C. Her book The Sea Around Us sold well.
D. Her book Silent Spring made her famous.
2. What most probably made Rachel Carson leave her job？
A. She got an award.
B. She published Silent Spring.
C. The Sea Around Us brought her enough money.
D. The US government took notice of her researches.
3. Why is the book Silent Spring important to Americas environmental protection？
A. It describes a silent spring.
B. It topped the book sales lists.
C. It changed how America thought about nature.
D. It includes all Carsons research achievements.
4. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. The book Silent Spring.
B. The way America thought.
C. The US Bureau of Fisheries.
D. Americas Environmental Protection Agency.
5. Why was Rachel Carson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom？
A. She published the book Silent Spring.
B. She did a lot of researches for the US Bureau of Fisheries.
C. She donated much money to the Rachel Carson Book Prize.
D. She made great contributions to the environmental protection.
五、科普文化
A （2016年山西卷）
When I open my e-mail the other day， Rachel， a pretty woman， appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking happily. Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss. It was cool， right？ In fact， she was reading to me an e-mail from my brother John.
Rachel should be there because of a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you send e-mails in a funny way. By using it， your e-mails can be read to the receiver by an attractive （有吸引力的） person or by a clown （小丑）. You can download the software at www.Facemail.com without paying. Facemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions （表情） that you put in your text. For example， type in
LifeFX， the company that developed the Facemail， is sure there are wide business users. Why is e-business not so popular now？ One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch. But if you go to the Nike website， and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name， serves you， and personally closes the sale， wont you be happy？ Also， if mom cant be home when kids get back from school， she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.
Its true that Facemail makes life easy and fun， but it should be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you choose the clown， put a few rude words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions， youve got a Psycho mail.
1. In fact， who is Rachel？
A. She is a pretty actress.
B. She is Johns girlfriend.
C. She is not a real person.
2. What is the main advantage of Facemail？
A. You dont have to pay for it.
B. E-mail can be attractive in a more lively way.
C. You can ask a beautiful woman to read the e-mail to you.
3. What does the underlined expression “closes the sale” probably mean？
A. 停止营业 B. 达成交易
C. 取消折扣
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. You shouldnt choose a clown.
B. Facemail can be widely used in business.
C. Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.
5. What is the writers attitude （态度） towards Facemail？
A. He thinks its a danger to the Internet.
B. He thinks it needs further improvement.
C. He thinks its a cool and funny technology.
B （2016年河南卷）
Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place？
Lots of people do. And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they knew why. They found that one-half of the brain “remains more awake” than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.
The sleep findings were reported in Current Biology by Brown University. In their report， the researchers said many people report they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home. They call it “first-night influence”. “In Japan they say， ‘If you change your bed， you dont sleep，” said Yuka Sasaki， one of the reports writers. “You dont sleep very well in a new place. We all know about it.”
The researchers measured brain waves （測量脑波） for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart （间隔）. They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half. This was during the first deep-sleep period， the researchers said.
Sasaki said a lot of questions remain.
Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So， they dont know if the left half keeps “watch” all night， or whether it “works in shifts （轮换） with the right half later in the night”. They also do not know why the brain activity， at least during the first period of deep sleep， is always on the left half.
For some， this research may be calming. It is good to know that our brain is “looking out for us” in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That brain activity， at least according to this new research， makes it harder to get the sleep people need to wake up well rested in the morning.
1. How many times did the researchers measure brain waves for 35 volunteers？
A. Once. B. Twice.
C. Three times. D. Four times.
2. The researchers found _____ during the first deep-sleep period.
A. the brain waves remained the same
B. the brain activity helped with sleep
C. the right half of the brain kept “watch”
D. the left half of the brain was more active
3. Which of the following is one of the questions that remain？
A. Whether the new bed keeps you from sleeping.
B. How you have trouble sleeping in a new place.
C. Why the brain activity is always on the left half.
D. What people can do when they cant sleep well.
4. The underlined word “calming” has the closest meaning to “_____”.
A. pleasing B. different
C. serious D. strange
5. What is the text mainly about？
A. What we will have to do to sleep well.
B. How researchers measure brain waves.
C. Who doesnt sleep well in a new place.
D. Why its harder to sleep in a new place.
C （2016年連云港卷）
The next time you look up at the sky and see a cloud that looks like Mickey Mouse or your favorite fruit， look again. It may not be a cloud， but a Flogo—a logo that flies. Its a new form of advertising in the sky thats never been used before. Its a different way to market your products， logos， and events.
These funny logos are made with soap bubbles （肥皂泡） mixed with a little helium gas （氦气）， which makes them lighter than air and float in the sky. Special machines are used to make these new funny Flogos. The machine， which can be rented for $2，500 a day， can make a Flogo every 15～25 seconds.
Flogos can fly much higher or lower if needed. They can last from a few minutes to an hour anywhere in the sky， depending on the weather conditions. Though they can fly up to 20，000 feet， they usually float around at 300 to 500 feet. Flogos are only white now， but people hope to have more colorful Flogos in the near future.
Flogos are Green， 100% environmentally safe， because the soap used to make the Flogo comes from plants and leaves. So this fun way of advertising is healthy and good for the environment.
1. Flogos are mainly used to _____.
A. advertise in the sky
B. make funny bubbles
C. improve weather conditions
D. see colorful clouds
2. Why are Flogos healthy and good for the environment？
A. Because they can float high and last for a long time in the sky.
B. Because there is a little helium gas mixed with soap bubbles.
C. Because the machines used to make them are special and expensive.
D. Because the soap used to make them comes from plants and leaves.
3. From the passage， we can infer that Flogos _____.
A. can fly for hours in the sky all day
B. can have different colors at present
C. may be influenced by the weather
D. may be the cheapest way of advertising
4. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？
A. Machines—Used for Flogos！
B. Flogos—Logos that fly！
C. Advertising—Made of Fruits！
D. Clouds—Like Mickey Mouse！
D （2016年福州卷）
Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year. Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over wood-powered or coal-powered stoves.
One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies， a solar power expert in a South African company， described his latest solar cooker called the “Sol-4”. “It is four square meters of mirrors， six to eight meters in length. It is quite a large cooker.”
The “Sol-4” works by reflecting （反射） light from the sun off large mirrors. The mirrors direct （把……對准） the light at a cooking pan. Then the light heats the pan with solar energy. Within two minutes， the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions. In just four minutes， water can be boiled. That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity.
The cooker is also much “friendlier” than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it. And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal. Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.
At present， the cooker only works when the sun is shining. But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight.
Each cooker costs about $2，000， which is a large amount of money for most Africans. To solve that problem， Crosby Menzies has created a non-governmental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.
1. This passage is mainly about _____.
A. solar cooker
B. smoke pollution
C. solar power experts
D. breathing illnesses
2. The “Sol-4” is mainly used to _____.
A. shorten the time of cooking
B. reduce the cost of making cookers
C. raise money through donations to help African people
D. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke
3. The underlined word “individuals” most probably means “_____”.
A. cookers B. mirrors
C. people D. experts
4. Which of the following about the “Sol-4” is TRUE？
A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.
B. It can work in any weather condition now.
C. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood.
D. It is more environment-friendly than other cookers.
5. From the passage， we can infer that _____.
A. the “Sol-4” will be designed in a smaller size
B. more Africans can use the solar cookers in the future
C. the “Sol-4” is the first product of the South African company
D. the African government will provide poor people with solar cookers
六、環保健康
A （2016年哈尔滨卷）
Have you ever seen the movie Big Hero 6？ Baymax （大白） is a main character in the movie. Hes a friendly big robot that looks after peoples health. If there is a robot like Baymax in our real life， people will get more benefits. The robot will be especially helpful in caring for the old. The health of old people needs greater monitoring and care.
Scientists in America are now working to make Baymax a reality （现实）. Actually， they have already produced some health care robots. These robots provide brain video games to improve peoples memory. The games can help the old remember things for longer. Besides， these robots provide special apps （应用程序） to help the old manage their health at home. The apps can check the old peoples heart rate （心率） and tell them to take their medicine on time. The apps can also record their daily activities. Such collected information helps doctors discover the cause of an illness faster and more correctly. But the health care robots arent as clever as Baymax yet.
Nowadays， scientists are working on improving the health care robots. They hope the robots can produce electricity by walking across the floor. If they succeed， batteries will not be needed. They also hope the robots can communicate with humans in the daily life so as to make people happier and healthier. Scientists are trying to realize these dreams. Like Baymax， these health care robots may save peoples lives in the future. We are looking forward to them.
1. The underlined word “monitoring” in the passage means “_____” in Chinese.
A. 监测 B. 娱乐
C. 危害
2. According to the passage， Baymax is _____.
A. a friendly small robot that looks after peoples health
B. as clever as the health care robots in real life
C. a main character in the movie Big Hero 6
3. In the passage， the health care robots that have been produced by scientists _____.
A. cant improve peoples memory
B. can communicate with humans in the daily life
C. can help the old manage their health at home
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Nowadays the health care robots can produce electricity by walking across the floor.
B. Both the doctors and the old who use the health care robots can get help from them.
C. The health care robots provide video games to check persons heart rate.
5. What is the passage mainly about？
A. Its mainly about the movie Big Hero 6.
B. Its mainly about the health care robots.
C. Its mainly about the importance of health.
B （2016年臨沂卷）
When we exercise hard， we burn fat （脂肪）. But have you ever wondered where exactly the fat goes？
Some doctors think that fat is changed into heat and given off in the air. Others think the body burns it. Some even joke that someone comes and takes it. Thats why you always weigh less in the morning.
Now a new study from Australia solves the mystery.
“The correct answer is that most of the fat is breathed out as CO2. It goes into thin air，” says the study.
Scientists followed the atoms （原子） in 10 kilograms of fat as they are lost. They found that 8.4 of those kilograms are breathed out as CO2 through the lungs （肺）. The other weight， 1.6 kilograms， becomes water and leaves the body.
“None of this is easy to understand because we cant see the CO2 we breathe out，” said the studys lead expert.
Does that mean you can lose more weight by breathing more？ It is not as easy as you think. Breathing more than the bodys metabolic rate （新陈代谢速度） can make you uncomfortable. You may feel dizzy （眩晕的） and become unable to see， move or feel， according to the study.
So how can people lose weight healthily？ The key is to eat less and move more. You may have heard this many times. During a day， a 70kg person breathes out about 200g of CO2. So if the same person wants to lose weight， he or she can do some light exercise， for example， walking fast. This can help lose 240g of CO2.
1. Where is the new study from？
A. Japan. B. Australia.
C. Canada. D. America.
2. According to the new study， where does our fat go when we exercise a lot？
A. The body burns it.
B. Someone comes and takes it.
C. It is changed into heat and given off in the air.
D. Most of it is breathed out as CO2.
3. What will happen to people if they breathe more than the bodys metabolic rate？
A. They will lose weight healthily.
B. They will feel comfortable.
C. They may become unable to move.
D. They may become healthier.
4. Which of the following is the best way to lose weight？
A. Sitting still and breathing more.
B. Sleeping a lot and breathing more.
C. Eating less and exercising more.
D. Eating more and doing some light exercise.
5. The passage mainly tells us _____.
A. where fat goes when we exercise
B. why we can lose weight healthily
C. how we should do some exercise
D. what we should do to burn fat
C （2016年廣州卷）
Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa， a small village in Peru， South America. However， things went from bad to worse in March 2016 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps， which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.
Luckily， researchers at the University of Technology （UT） in Lima， Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil， both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb.
While that may sound amazing and even impossible， the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food （using the suns energy， water and chemicals from the soil）， they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons—the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge can power a 50-watt LED light for two hours—enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.
The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015. So far， they have been a huge success！ Elmer Ramirez， the UT professor who invented the lamp， believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people， especially small rainforest communities， 42% of whom have no electricity.
1. What are the problems of oil lamps according to Paragraph 1？
A. They are difficult to use and create pollution.
B. They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.
C. They are difficult to repair and produce little light.
D. They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.
2. The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from _____.
A. plant food B. plant waste
C. the soils heat D. the suns energy
3. What is TRUE about the Plant Lamp？
A. It can be made by local people.
B. It is much easier to use than oil lamps.
C. It can produce all the electricity the village needs.
D. The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.
4. The Plant Lamps inventor believes it could be most helpful for _____.
A. rainforest communities
B. cars
C. poor people in cities
D. farmers
5. What is the purpose of the passage？
A. To report on a new invention.
B. To explain a new scientific theory.
C. To describe how electricity is made.
D. To discuss the problems of poor villages.
D （2016年淮安卷）
Have you ever heard of “a ball of energy”？People often use it to describe very active children. But today we tell about an invention called the sOccket， that is a real soccer ball of energy. Julia Silverman explains that in fact the sOccket is a portable generator （便攜式发电机）.
Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews developed the sOccket as part of a group project for an engineering class at Harvard University.
There are mechanisms （装置） in a sOccket. When you kick， hit or throw it， energy is then kept in it by these mechanisms instead of disappearing into the environment.
Then the user can put something directly into the ball， like a lamp， or a mobile phone charger so that they can get energy from it.
For every fifteen minutes of the game play， the sOccket can provide enough electricity （电） for an LED lamp for three hours， and the ball can store （储藏） up to 24 hours electricity.
The International Energy Association reported last year that nearly one and a half billion people in the world had no electricity to use， and most of them live in sub-Saharan Africa and in India and other countries in Asia.
Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews both had experiences in developing countries before they began the project. They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in many areas.
Theres an energy crisis in the world. One out of every five people in the world dont have any electricity. And besides that， there are a lot of health problems because what people use instead of the electricity are harmful choices like kerosene （煤油） lamps， which produce a lot of smoke.
Julia Silverman says the sOccket ball is one small solution （解决方法） to a big problem.
Jessica Matthews and Julia Silverman hope their sOccket ball will shine more light on the problem of power shortages. It offers people a chance to put their energy into the worlds most popular sport and get some energy in return.
1. From the passage， we know the sOccket is _____.
A. an active child B. an invention
C. a lamp D. a mobile phone
2. If you play the sOccket for half an hour， it can provide an LED lamp with electricity for _____.
A. fifteen minutes B. half an hour
C. six hours D. three hours
3. The underlined word “crisis” in the passage means _____.
A. a time of safety
B. a time of difficulty
C. a time of success
D. a time of pride
4. We can infer （推斷） from the passage that _____.
A. Julia Silverman has never been to developing countries before
B. active children like to play sOccket
C. kicking a sOccket can let the energy disappear into the environment
D. people are expected to get some energy by playing sOccket
5. The best title for the passage should be “_____”.
A. The only way to produce electricity
B. The best way to solve energy crisis
C. A soccer ball that gives energy
D. An invention changing the world
七、风俗礼仪
A （2016年聊城卷）
Americans like to have different kinds of parties such as birthday parties， surprise parties， tea parties and house-warming parties. Pajama （睡衣） parties are one of the most popular kinds of parties in the US. At a pajama party， a group of friends spend the night at a persons house. It is a great way for children or teenagers to get together and have a good time.
To hold a pajama party， the host （东道主） will usually plan some fun activities such as watching movies and playing board games and video games. He or she should also prepare some delicious snacks and fun food like pizza. Guests at a pajama party should bring their own pajamas， toothbrushes， pillows and blankets （枕头和毯子）. But if they forget something， they dont need to worry because the host will give them what they need.
If a pajama party is mainly for fun， a prom is no doubt a very important thing in most American schools. A prom is a formal （正式的） dance party that is held at a high school. The party is usually held near the end of the senior year， the last year of high school， so it is often called graduation （毕业） dance. Students are supposed to wear formal clothes at the prom. A Prom Queen and a Prom King may also be crowned （加冕） at many schools proms.
1. How many kinds of parties are mentioned in the passage？
A. Four. B. Five.
C. Six. D. Seven.
2. A pajama party is held _____.
A. at a cinema
B. at a restaurant
C. at a high school
D. at a persons house
3. The guests _____ at a pajama party.
A. can enjoy some fun activities
B. must use the hosts pajamas
C. have no snacks or fun food to eat
D. cant get what they need from the host
4. The students _____ at a prom.
A. wear formal clothes
B. play board games
C. are all crowned
D. are all surprised
5. Whats the best title （题目） for the passage？
A. American school life.
B. Pajama parties and proms.
C. American sleeping habits.
D. Birthday parties and tea parties.
B （2016年贺州卷）
In the USA， it is normal for men to shake hands when they meet， but it is quite unusual for men to kiss when they greet each other. Greetings are casual—a handshake， a smile and a “hello” will do just fine.
The British often simply say “hello” when they meet friends. They usually shake hands only when they meet for the first time. Social kissing often just a peck （輕吻） on the cheek （脸颊）， is common in an informal （非正式的） situation between men and women and also between women who know each other very well.
In Japan， the common greeting for both men and women is to bow when they greet someone， instead of giving a handshake or a hug.
Hungarians like to greet in a friendly way—kiss each other on both cheeks. The most common way is to kiss from your right to your left. When men meet for the first time， a handshake is the norm.
In Albania， men shake hands when greeting one another. A kiss on the cheek may be also common if there is a close relationship. Women may shake hands or kiss each other on both cheeks.
In Armenia， by tradition， a woman needs to wait for a man to offer his hand for a handshake. Between good friends and family members， a kiss on the cheek and a hug are also common.
1. In Britain， when two people meet for the first time， they usually _____.
A. hug B. bow
C. shake hands D. kiss on the cheek
2. The underlined word “norm” means “_____” in Chinese.
A. 规范 B. 意图
C. 象征 D. 结果
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. In Japan， hugging is as common as bowing.
B. In Hungary， people usually kiss each other on the cheeks from left to right.
C. In Albania， it is unusual for men to kiss if there is a close relationship.
D. In Armenia， it is necessary for a woman to wait for a man to offer his hand for a handshake.
4. Whats the best title of the passage？
A. Country and Culture.
B. Culture and People.
C. Greeting Customs Around the World.
D. Body Language in Different Cultures.
