“用情专一”的情态动词

刘红

情态动词是中考常考考点。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但是不能独立做谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成句子的谓语部分。另外，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，也就是说主语是第三人称单数时情态动词后边不加-s；情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词、动名词形式。由此看来，说它“用情专一”一点都不为过。

一、常见情态动词的用法

1. can

①表示“会、能够”，指具备某种能力。如：

Lang Lang can play the piano very well. 郎朗钢琴弹得很好。

I cant swim at all. 我根本不会游泳。

②和may一样，表示“请求或许可”。如：

Can / May I come in？ 我可以进来吗？

Can / May you give me a hand？ 你能帮我一下吗？

③表示“怀疑、不确定或猜想”。如：

Can it be true？ 那是真的吗？

He cant be a student. 他不可能是一个学生。

④could除了做can的过去式外，还可表示一种委婉的语气或用于不太肯定的推测。如：

Could you come with me？ 你能和我一起去吗？

The bike could be Toms. 那辆自行车可能是汤姆的。

⑤be able to意为“能、会”，和can的意思基本一样。be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力；而can则强调自身已具有的能力。另外，can只有两种时态（一般现在时和一般过去时）；而be able to可以有多种时态。如：

I hope Chinese Womens Volleyball team will be able to win the Olympic gold medal. 我希望中国女排能够赢得奥运会金牌。

You will be able to pass the exam if you work hard at it. 只要你努力，你就会考试及格。

Luckily， he was able to win the match in the end. 幸运的是，他终于赢得了比赛。

【链接中考】

1. （2016年重庆B卷） He _____ speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year.

A. mustnt B. cant

C. must D. can

2. （2016年天津卷） —Mum， _____ I play football this afternoon？

—Sure， but you _____ finish your homework first.

A. may； could B. can； must

C. can； mustnt D. may； cant

3. （2016年上海卷） A good friend is someone you _____ share your pleasure and pain with.

A. ought B. need

C. can D. must

4. （2016年临沂卷） Students _____ enjoy the colorful school life if they study at home instead of going to school.

A. mustnt B. cant

C. must D. can

5. （2016年苏州卷） —What does Justin Biebers song Never Say Never impress you most？

—It tells us that we _____ do almost anything if we never give up.

A. can B. have to

C. should D. need

6. （2016年安徽卷） Please dont make so much noise. I _____ hear the speaker very well.

A. neednt B. mustnt

C. cant D. shouldnt

Key： 1～5 DBCBA 6. C

2. may

①表示“許可或请求”，其否定回答要用cant 或mustnt。如：

—May I go home now？ 我现在可以回家了吗？

—No， you cant / mustnt. 不，你不能。

②表示“可能性或猜测”。如：

You may be right. 你也许是对的。

She may be a good teacher. 她可能是一个好老师。

③表示请求时，might比may更客气；表示推测时，might比may更不确定。如：

He might be ill， but I dont know. 他可能病了，不过我也不知道。

You might have helped me when I asked you. 我请你帮忙时，你本可以帮我的。

【链接中考】

7. （2016年河南卷） —You look very pretty， if I _____ say so.

—Thanks a lot for saying that.

A. must B. may

B. will D. have to

8. （2016年泰安卷） Rock music _____ sound popular with the young， but its not the favor of the aged people.

A. must B. need

C. should D. may

9. （2016年包头卷） Ladies and gentlemen， let me， if I _____， introduce you my manager， Bill Wealth.

A. will B. should

C. must D. may

10. （2016年淮安卷） —Excuse me， _____ I take the magazine out of the reading room？

—Sorry， you cant. Just here， please.

A. must B. would

C. may D. need

11. （2016年呼和浩特卷） —Where are you going this month？

—We ______ go to Xiamen， but were not sure.

A. neednt B. might

C. must D. mustnt

Key： 7～11 BDDCB

3. must

①表示“必须、一定要”。如：

You must come here before nine. 你必须九点前到这里。

Must I finish my homework today？ 我今天必须完成作业吗？

② must的否定形式mustnt意为“禁止、不允许”。如：

You mustnt color your hair red. 你不能把头发染成红色。

We mustnt go across the street when the traffic lights are red. 当红灯亮起时我们不能过马路。

③以must开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用neednt。如：

—Must I hand in my homework today？ 我今天必须交作业吗？

—No， you neednt. 不，你不必。

④ must只有一般现在时一种时态。如果需要其他时态时，可用have to来代替must。如：

I must / will have to stay at home to look after my mother tomorrow. 我明天必須待在家里照顾妈妈。

She must / had to have a meeting yesterday. 她昨天必须开个会。

【链接中考】

12. （2016年十堰卷） All the students ______ know cheating in the exam is not allowed.

A. need B. may

C. must D. can

13. （2016年重庆A卷） —Must we finish the work today？

—_____. We have something else to do tomorrow.

A. Yes， we can B. No， we cant

C. Yes， we must D. No， we neednt

14. （2016年长春卷） Yang Jiang _____ be the boys favorite writer. He has written a lot to praise her.

A. cant B. mustnt

C. must D. need

15. （2016年武汉卷） —I still havent found my pet dog.

—Im sorry to hear that. You _____ be very sad.

A. can B. should

C. must D. will

Key： 12～15 CCCC

4. have to

have to和must都是“必须”的意思，但是前者强调的是“客观上不得不”，而后者强调的是“主观上必须”。如：

I must work hard. 我必须努力学习。

She had to walk home yesterday because he missed the last bus. 她昨天不得不步行回家，因为她错过了最后一班公共汽车。

【链接中考】

16. （2016年江西卷） You _____ take me to the station. My brothers taking me.

A. cant B. mustnt

C. shouldnt D. dont have to

Key： 16. D

5. need

①做情態动词时，意为“有必要”。如：

Need I go there with you？ 我有必要和你一起去吗？

You need take your camera with you. 你有必要带上你的相机。

② need做实义动词时和其他实义动词用法一样，只是其被动结构需要引起注意：need doing=need to be done，意为“需要被……”。如：

Your mobile phone needs repairing / to be repaired. 你的手机需要修理一下。

【链接中考】

17. （2016年恩施卷） —Does he need ______ there at once？

—No， he _____ leave so hurriedly because he has enough time.

A. to go； doesnt need

B. go； neednt

C. to go； neednt

Key： 17. C

6. should

should意为“应该”，相当于be supposed to。如：

You should do exercise for an hour every day. 你应该每天锻炼一小时。

We should respect the old and cherish the young. 我们应该尊老爱幼。

【链接中考】

18. （2016年黄冈卷） —Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him？

—No problem！ I think he _____ to think twice before starting.

A. should be told B. can tell

C. should tell D. can be telling

19. （2016年山西卷） —Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.

—Thats too bad. Everyone _____ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.

A. may B. should

C. would

Key： 18～19 AB

二、情态动词表示推测

“情态动词表示推测”是中考英语情态动词考查的重头戏。因此，同学们有必要记住下面的规则：

1.表示“非常肯定的推测”用must。如：

Mr. Wang must be at his office. I saw him go in just now. 王先生一定在他的办公室。我刚才看见他进去了。

This book must be Lilys. Look！ Her name is on it. 这本书一定是莉莉的。看！她的名字在上面。

2.表示“否定的推测”用cant。如：

The French book cant be hers. She cant speak French at all. 那本法语书不可能是她的。她根本不会说法语。

—Is this car Helens？ 这辆车是海伦的吗？

—It cant be hers. She cant drive at all. 不可能是她的。她根本不会开车。

3.表示“把握不大的推测”用could，might或may。如：

—Where is Mr. Smith？ 史密斯先生在哪里？

—He may / might be on the playground， but Im not sure. 他可能在操场，但我不能确定。

【链接中考】

20. （2016年南充卷） —Is that Miss Liu over there？

—No. It _____ be her. She has gone to the USA.

A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt

21. （2016年绵阳卷） —Is Mr. Brown driving here？

—Im not sure. He _____ come by train.

A. may B. shall C. need D. must

22. （2016年龙东卷） —I saw your mother in the library just now.

—It _____ be her. She went to Beijing yesterday.

A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt

23 （2016年泉州卷） —Whats wrong with Judy？ She has been absent for two days.

—Oh， she ______ be ill. Lets go to ask Mr. Green.

A. may B. need C. would

24. （2016年鄂州卷） —What will the weather be like tomorrow？

—It _____ be rainy， cloudy， or sunny. Who knows？

A. must B. might C. should D. cant

25. （2016年丹东卷） —Please be quiet. Our teacher is coming.

—It _____ be our teacher. She has gone to Beijing.

A. must B. may C. cant D. mustnt

26. （2016年铜仁卷） —Is that boy Tom？

—It _____ be Tom. He has gone to his hometown to visit his grandparents.

A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt

27. （2016年咸宁卷） —Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year？

—It _____ him. He has retired （退役） since April 13th.

A. cant be B. mustnt be C. must be D. can be

28. （2016年西宁卷） —Look！ Why are there so many people？

—There are some policemen. I think there _____ a traffic accident.

A. must have B. can have C. is going to be D. must be

29. （2016年长沙卷） —Finally， they came back.

—They _____ be hungry after such a long walk.

A. cant B. must C. neednt

Key： 20～24 BAAAB 25～29 CBADB

三、can，may，must的一般疑问句的答语

can， may， must用在一般疑问时，其答语很有讲究，我们可以通过下面的表格来加以了解。

[用在一般疑问句的情态动词 肯定答语 否定答语 can Yes， I can. No， I cant. could Yes， I can. No， I cant. may Yes， you may. No， you mustnt /cant. must Yes， you must. No， you neednt / dont have to. ]

如：

—Can you sing English songs？ 你会唱英语歌吗？

—Yes， I can. / No， I cant. 是的，我会。/不，我不会。

—May I come in？ 我可以进来吗？

—Yes， you may. / No， you mustnt / cant. 是的，你能。/不，你不能。

—Must I go there by bus？ 我必须乘公共汽车去哪里吗？

—Yes， you must. / No， you neednt. / No， you dont have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。

【链接中考】

30. （2016年威海卷） —Must I wait here all morning？ I have a lot of work to do.

—No， you _____. You may be back in the afternoon.

A. mustnt B. cant

C. dont have to

31. （2016年新疆卷） —Must I do the dishes now？

—No， you _____.

A. mustnt B. neednt

C. may not D. cant

32. （2016年哈尔滨卷） —Hi， Jack！ Could you come to our English party？

—Sorry， I _____. I have to look after my little sister at home.

A. must B. could

C. cant

33. （2016年海南卷） —Must I clean the room now？

—No， you _____. You can do it later.

A. neednt B. cant

C. may not

34. （2015年三亞卷） —Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now？

—Sorry. I _____. My watch doesnt work.

A. cant B. shouldnt

C. mustnt

Key： 30～34 CBCAA

實战演练：

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

1. —Excuse me， may I borrow you some money？

—Of course you _____.

A. could B. can

C. must D. need

2. —Can you go shopping with me this afternoon？

—Sorry， mum. I _____ have an important meeting.

A. can B. may

C. would D. have to

3. —May I go to play football this evening？

—Certainly. But you _____ clean up your own bedroom first.

A. must B. may

C. can D. need

4. —Who is the woman over there？ Is it Mrs. Li？

—No， it _____ be her. Mrs. Li is much fatter than her.

A. mustnt B. may not

C. cant D. neednt

5. —Ill have my TV set repaired this afternoon.

—Oh， you _____. Mr. Wang had it repaired yesterday.

A. may not B. neednt

C. mustnt D. cant

6. —_____ I go home now？

—Im sorry， you _____. The head teacher will come to say something after a while.

A. Could； couldnt

B. Might； might not

C. Could； can

D. May； cant

7. —Where is Alice？

—Sorry， I dont know. Go and ask her mother. She _____ know.

A. can B. may

C. need D. will

8. Look！ All the lights are off； the Smiths _____ up.

A. mustnt get B. is getting

C. must be getting D. wouldnt get

9. —Need we do this job now？

—Yes， _____.

A. you can B. you should

C. you must D. you need

10. Sixteen-year-olds _____ to drive in China.

A. should be allowed

B. shall be allowed

C. shouldnt be allowed

D. may not be allowed

11. Mr. Wang has bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _____ be very expensive.

A. must B. can

C. mustnt D. cant

12. —Isnt that Anns husband over there？

—No， it _____ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.

A. must not B. cant

C. wont D. may not

13. Lingling， you _____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this！

A. wouldnt B. neednt

C. mustnt D. may not

14. —This kind of clothes looks beautiful and cheap. They _____ well.

—Yes. They are very popular with the young.

A. must be sold B. can be sold

C. must sell D. cant be sold

15. —I want to know if I _____ smoke here.

—No， you _____. Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there？

A. can； neednt B. must； cant

C. shall； wont D. may； mustnt

16. My mother never remembers my telephone number. She always _____ look it up.

A. has to B. should

C. would D. must

17. —_____ you pass me the dictionary， please？

—Sure. Here you are.

A. Should B. Could

C. Must D. Might

18. —Must I go there with you？

—No， you _____. David _____ go with me.

A. mustnt； can B. cant； must

C. dont； should D. neednt； may

19. You _____ be careful when crossing here—the traffic lights arent working.

A. might B. should

C. could D. may

20. —Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.

—It _____ Henrys. He always wears green.

A. has to be B. will be

C. mustnt be D. could be

21. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.

A. had to B. would

C. was able to D. could

22. —Is Paul coming by train？

—He should， but he _____. He likes driving his car.

A. may not B. neednt

C. cant D. mustnt

23. —Listen！ Someone is singing in the next room. Who _____ it be？ Is it Lily？

—No. It _____ be her. She is at school now.

A. will； may not B. must； mustnt

C. may； cant D. may； wont

24. I think you _____ to say sorry to her.

A. must B. need

C. can D. should

25. —Need I come here before eight oclock tomorrow morning？

—Yes， you _____.

A. can B. may

C. must D. need

26. —Do you need to look after your sister this weekend？

—Yes， I _____.

A. need B. can

C. must D. have to

27. —_____ the students take mobile phones to school？

—It is hard to say. I think they shouldnt.

A. Should B. Must

C. Could D. Might

28. I didnt think Lin Dan _____ be beaten by Li Zongwei.

A. can B. was able to

C. must D. might

29. —Whats wrong with your watch？

—It doesnt work. I think it _____.

A. needs repairing B. needs to repair

C. need to repair D. need repairing

30. As we all know， we _____ drive after drinking wine.

A. shouldnt B. might not

C. couldnt D. mustnt