中考英语动词短语面面观

王标

动词短语是近年来中考考查的重点，不论在单项选择、完形填空还是在句子运用及句子翻译的题目中，对动词短语的考查都占有很大的比重。命题人通过设计题干或不同的语言环境考查学生对上下文或句子的理解，以及准确运用动词短语的能力。根据题目选项的设置特点，中考动词短语的考点主要集中在以下几个方面：

一、“相同的动词+不同的介词/副词”构成的短语

1. take短语

take up“开始从事、占据”；take down“记下，取下”；take off “起飞，脱下”；take away“拿走”；take out“拿出”；take after“与……相像”。

2. put短语

put up“悬挂，张贴”；put away“把……收起来”；put off“推遲”；put on“穿上，增加，上演”；put down“放下，记下”；put out“伸出，熄灭”。

3. turn短语

turn on“打开”；turn off“关闭”；turn down“关小”；turn up“调大”。

4. look短语

look at“看”；look for“寻找”；look after“照顾”；look through“浏览”；look up“查找”；look out“当心”。

总结：

★这类短语中，以介词结尾的动词短语，后面常接名词、代词、动名词做宾语，该名词、代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。如：

The girl is looking after her younger brother. 这个女孩正在照顾她的弟弟。

Mike is looking for his English book. 迈克正在寻找他的英语书。

【真题再现1】

（2016年河南卷） Almost every university now has a website which allows us to _____ the information about it.

A. look at B. look after

C. look around D. look through

【解析】D。句意为：现在几乎每个大学都有网站，允许我们在上面_____相关信息。look at“看”；look after“照看”；look around“巡视”；look through“浏览”。分析句意可推知，允许我们在网站上浏览信息，故选D。

【真题再现2】

（2016年绵阳卷） My mother is ill in hospital. I have to _____ my grandparents at home.

A. look for B. look at

C. look up D. look after

【解析】D。句意为：我母亲生病住院。我不得不在家照顾我的爷爷奶奶。look for“寻找”；look at“看”；look up“查寻”；look after“照顾、照看”。根据句意可知选D。

★如果是“动词+副词”形式，名词做宾语时，名词既可以放在短语的后面，也可以放在短语之间。但如果是代词做宾语，则代词一定要放在副词之前。如：

Kevin looks upset. Lets cheer him up. 凯文看起来情绪很低落。咱们让他振作起来吧。

I called you up yesterday afternoon， but there was no answer. 我昨天下午给你打电话了，但是你没有接。

【真题再现3】

（2016年龙东卷） —Look！ Whats on the ground？

—Oh， its my sweater. Please _____ for me.

A. pick up it B. pick it up

C. pick it out

【解析】B。句意为：——看，地上是什么？——哦，是我的毛衣，请帮我捡起来。pick up是“动词+副词”短语，其宾语是代词时，要放pick和up之间。故选B。

【真题再现4】

（2016年大庆卷） —Tony， look at the books！ What a mess！ _____！

—Okay！ Okay！

A. Put them away B. Put it on

C. Put away them D. Put them on

【解析】A。上句意为：托尼，看这些书！真乱！收起来！put away“收起来，放好”；put on“穿上”。代词做“动词+副词”的宾语时要放在动词和副词之间，结合句意可知A项正确。

二、“不同的动词+相同的介词/副词”构成的短语

1.“动词+ with”短语

agree with“赞同、同意”；come up with“想出、提出”；share with“与……分享”；keep up with“不落在……后面”；catch up with“赶上”；get on with“与……相处”。

【真题再现5】

（2016年厦门卷） —Ive made much progress in grammar. The ideas you _____ worked out fine.

—Glad I could help.

A. came up with B. ran out of

C. looked up to

【解析】A。句意为：——我已经在语法方面取得了很大进步。你提出的想法很有效果。——很高兴我能帮上忙。came up with“想出，提出”；ran out of“用完”；look up to“抬头看，仰视”。come up with后面接“主意”“方法”之类的名词做宾语。故选A。

【真题再现6】

（2016年呼和浩特卷） Dont worry！ Im sure youll _____ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.

A. catch up with

B. be pleased with

C. get on well with

D. agree with

【解析】C。catch up with“赶上；be pleased with“对……感到满意/满足”；get on well with“与……相处融洽”；agree with“同意”。 句意为：别担心。我敢肯定只要你对同学善良、友好，你会和他们相处得很好。故选C。

2. “动词+ off”短语

go off “发出响声”；cut off “切断”；fall off “跌落”；set off “出发”；put off “推迟”。

【真题再现7】

（2016年丹东卷） —Lets go out for dinner.

—Great！ But Clean-Up Day is two weeks from now. We cant _____ making a plan.

A. take off B. set off

C. put off D. cut off

【解析】C。句意為：——我们去吃晚饭吧。——太好了！但是清扫日距今只有两周了。我们不能推迟制定计划。take off“脱下，起飞”；set off“送行”；put off“推迟，拖延”；cut off“切除”。根据句意只能用“推迟”，故选C。

3.“动词+ for”短语

call for“提倡，要求”；send for“派人去请”；wait for“等候”。

【真题再现8】

（2016年福州卷） —Why are you late for school today？

—Im sorry. I didnt catch the early bus and I had to _____ the next one.

A. wait for B. ask for

C. care for

【解析】A。句意为：——今天你为什么上学迟到？——抱歉。我没有赶上早班车，所以我必须等下一班车。wait for“等候”；ask for“请求（给予）”；care for“照料”。根据前半句“我没有赶上早班车”可知，A项符合语境。

4.“动词+ on”短语

try on“试穿、试验”；have on“穿着、戴着”；put on“穿上”；go on“继续”；come on“赶快”；get on“上车”；hold on“挂断”。

【真题再现9】

（2016年青海卷） _____ your sweater， or you may catch a cold.

A. Take off B. Dont wear

C. Put on

【解析】C。句意为：穿上你的毛衣，否则你可能会感冒。take off“脱下”；dont wear“不穿”；put on“穿上”。根据语境可知选C。

5.“动词+ over”短语

come over“过来”；hand over“移交”；look over“检查”；think over“仔细考虑”；turn over“翻转”；go over“复习，仔细检查”。

【真题再现10】

（2015年宜宾卷） Youd better _____ the test paper before handing it in.

A. go ahead B. go on

C. go off D. go over

【解析】D。句意为：你在交卷之前最好仔细检查一遍。go ahead“前进、继续、用吧”；go on“继续”；go off“离开”；go over“复习、仔细检查”。根据句意可知，试卷上交前应该是仔细检查。故选D。

6.“动词+ up”短语

call up“给……打电话”；come up“走进；上来”；cut up“切碎、剁碎”；go up“上升”；grow up“长大”；make up“编造，组成”；set up“建立，创办”；show up“揭露，露面”；give up“放弃”。

【真题再现11】

（2016年东营卷） On my way home， I saw a granny fall down. I offered help first and then _____ the police.

A. called up B. cared for

C. cheered up D. found out

【解析】A。句意为：在回家的路上，我看见一个老奶奶跌倒了。我首先帮助了她，然后报警。call up“给……打电话”；care for“关心”；cheer up“使……振奋”；find out“发现”。call up the police“报警”。故选A。

【真题再现12】

（2016年泸州卷） You should _____ smoking. Its really bad for your health.

A. put up B. give up

C. get up D. set up

【解析】B。句意为：你应该放弃吸烟。吸烟真的有害身体健康。put up“搭起，建起”； give up“放弃”；get up“起床”；set up“成立，建成”。give up doing sth. 表示“放弃做某事”，故选B。

7.“动词+out”短语

【真题再现13】

（2016年呼和浩特卷） —Jack， could you help me _____ when the plane will take off on the Internet？

—Im sorry， but my computer doesnt work.

A. get out B. look out

C. take out D. find out

【解析】D。get out“离开、出去”；look out“当心、注意”；take out“取出、去掉”；find out“查明、发现”。句意为：——杰克，你能在网上帮我查查飞机将在什么时候起飞吗？——抱歉，我的电脑坏了。故选D。

三、“不同动词+不同介词/副词”构成的短语

think of“考虑”；make sure“确保”；find out“找出”。

【真题再现14】

（2016年昆明卷） High technology is used in EURO 2016 to _____ the matches are fair enough in France.

A. make up B. make sure

C. come out D. come over

【解析】B。句意為：法国2016年欧洲杯足球比赛采用了高科技，来确保比赛的公平。make up“由……组成”；make sure“确保”；come out“出来”；come over“过来，顺便来访”。根据句意可知，采用高科技的目的是确保比赛的公平。故选B。

四、“相同的动词+不同的名词”构成的短语

make a living“谋生”；make a decision“决定”；make noise“制造噪音”。

专项训练：

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

1. —Mike felt sad because he failed the exam yesterday.

—Im sorry to hear that. Lets _____.

A. cheer him on B. cheer on him

C. cheer him up D. cheer up him

2. —What should I do？

—Use your head， and youll _____ a good idea.

A. look up B. get along with

C. set up D. come up with

3. —Excuse me！ Can you tell me how to make apple salad？

—Of course. You must _____ the apple first.

A. build up B. cut up

C. make up D. set up

4. Youd better _____ what your parents said before you make the plan.

A. work out B. think over

C. find out D. look for

5. —Many students dont know how to _____ these feelings.

—I think they should ask their teachers for help.

A. agree with B. deal with

C. share with D. get along with

6. —Is he still raising money for charity？

—Yes. He never _____ action of helping poor children.

A. gives up B. gives out

C. takes off D. takes out

7. —If you dont give up smoking， you will _____ like your father.

—You mean I will also die of cancer.

A. look up B. call out

C. end up D. run out

8. You can _____ your clothes， David！ Its too hot in the room.

A. take down B. take in

C. take off D. take up

9. —It took them about five hours to _____ the fire.

—Although the house was destroyed， nobody was hurt.

A. put out B. run out

C. use up D. take out

10. Dad advised us to practice _____ our tent in the yard several times before we went camping.

A. putting up B. getting up

C. taking up D. giving up

11. —Are you going to visit The Oriental Pearl TV Tower of Shanghai next week？

—Im not sure. It _____ whether my father will be free.

A. makes sure B. finds out

C. agrees on D. depends on

12. —Why did you come back so early？

—The English party has been _____ till next Friday.

A. put on B. put off

C. put away D. put out

13. —I think I should help my sister _____ some invitations to her birthday.

—She really needs your help.

A. work out B. hand out

C. run out D. find out

14. —A new book for children will _____ next week.

—Great！ I will buy one for my children.

A. stay out B. come out

C. come up D. make up

15. —Do you live with your grandparents？

—No. They live with my uncle to _____ his child.

A. look after B. look for

C. look up D. look at

16. —Do you _____ your son after school？

—No. He comes back home on the school bus.

A. pick up B. look after

C. drop in D. send for

17. —What are you packing so many books for， Grandma？

—Ill _____ to the kids in West China.

A. give them up B. give them away

C. give them off D. give them in

18. —The classroom is so bright now. You should _____ the lights.

—OK， I will.

A. turn on B. turn up

C. turn down D. turn off

19. —I dont know how to use the word.

—Youd better _____ in the dictionary.

A. pick it up B. look up it

C. give it up D. look it up

20. —Its raining hard. My mother hasnt come back.

—Dont _____ her. Maybe she is still in the office.

A. worry about B. talk about

C. tell about D. ask for

21. —Daisy， look at your bedroom. What a mess！

—Sorry， Ill _____ right now！

A. put up it B. clean up it

C. put it up D. clean it up

22. —Dont _____ late， Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning.

—OK， dad. Ill go to bed right now.

A. dress up B. grow up

C. stay up D. mix up

23. —Jason， I cant get Sue on the phone.

—Im seeing her this afternoon. Do you want me to _____ any message？

A. pass on B. find out

C. look up D. work on

24. If you _____ speaking English every day， you will speak it very well.

A. give up B. look up

C. stick to D. prefer to

25. —Wow！ Sand is everywhere. The trees have gone.

—What a pity！ People have _____ all the trees here， leaving only sand.

A. cut down B. eaten up

C. come out D. dealt with

26. —Oh， Bruce！ We can buy mom a beautiful coat.

—But I have no money. I _____ my pocket money yesterday.

A. ran out B. gave up

C. ran out of D. took out

27. —I left the concert before it ended as Jay Chou didnt _____.

—Well， he came at the end of the concert.

A. make up B. come up

C. look up D. show up

28. —What are you doing on the Internet？

—Im _____ some information about Teachers Day.

A. looking for

B. writing down

C. depending on

D. thinking about

29. —You must _____ what your teacher is saying in class.

—I will. Also， Ill take notes carefully.

A. take pride in

B. pay attention to

C. look through

D. depend on

30. —We must act now because time is _____.

—Yes. Lets start.

A. coming out B. giving out

C. cutting out D. running out