七大移民友好国家

2017-02-07帕特斯普拉克林雷婷

英语世界 2017年5期

文/帕特·斯普拉克林译/雷婷

七大移民友好国家

文/帕特·斯普拉克林译/雷婷

So you’re ready to leave your country and start a new life somewhere,but you’re not sure which destination is right for you. Don’t just throw a dart at a map or follow your relatives: consider what your priorities will be and pick the country that’s right for you.

7. Norway

[2] Scandin avia1斯堪的纳维亚（欧洲西北部文化区，包括挪威、瑞典和丹麦，有时也包括冰岛、芬兰和法罗群岛）。is the most peaceful, stable, safe (and, yeah, cold) region on earth, and Norway consistently tops lists of equality, happiness, and standard of living. There’s the fjords2fjord冰川侵蚀河谷形成峡谷，再被海水倒灌成为峡湾。. The cool Viking3Viking 维京人生活在1000多年前的北欧，即今天的挪威、丹麦和瑞典,以海盗文化而出名。heritage. The rehabilitative justice system4恢复性司法制度要求不仅对罪犯定罪量刑，还要保护受害者的利益以及恢复被犯罪破坏的安定祥和的社会秩序。挪威是最早立法制定该项制度的国家之一。rehabilitate改造（罪犯等）。. The seed bunker5末日种子库位于挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的一处山洞中，由挪威政府出资，旨在防止植物因天灾人祸灭绝，为植物学家提供种子基因。.The massive, responsibly-invested oil wealth. Come for the cross-country skiing, stay for the herring!

[3] It’s no surprise that Norway comes in 5th out of 175 countries in Transparency International’s rankings6指总部位于德国柏林的国际非政府组织透明国际发布的世界廉政指数排行榜，该指数反映政党、警察、司法系统以及行政部门的廉洁程度，1995年起每年发布一次。but what is a little surprising is their murder rate of 2.2 per 100,000. That’s more than double New Zealand’s and ahead of Canada and Australia. Their Royal Motto is Everything for Norway7Everything for Norway挪威语原文为Alt for Norge，由挪威第一任国王哈康七世提出，成为了挪威人民在二战期间抵抗德国法西斯以及二战后重建家园的精神指导。and they seem to live up to it: free tuition in their excellent public universities, day care, a social welfare net and everything you would expect from a Scandinavian kingdom with a huge sovereign wealth fund, fed by all that offshore oil.

[4] Unsurprisingly, most immigrants to Norway have come from western and northern Europe, with Poland the source of the largest group. Immigrants also come from all over Asia, with a large portion of those coming from Turkey.

6. New Zealand

[5] If you value natural beauty and a relaxed pace of life, New Zealand would make a great immigration destination. Its proximity to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands and its wellrespected and strong Maori indigenous culture8毛利人是新西兰的土著居民，占新西兰总人口的14% ，其语言和文化却对新西兰人的生活产生了重要的影响，其中毛利语演讲、古代战舞、碰鼻礼、纹身术、石头火锅等传统文化非常有特色。makes New Zealand a diverse and friendly country. If you prefer metropolitan bustle9bustle忙碌；喧嚣。, stay away, but if you’re ready to slow down and have the mountains and greenery blow your mind, come on over.

[6] The island nation is practically Scandinavian in its democratic openness and transparency. It ranks 2nd in Transparency International’s rankings and it’s murder rate of 0.9 per 100,000 inhabitants is one of the lowest in the world, less than in Australia or Canada.Unfortunately, international students at the university level pay far higher tuition than locals do. As for their national sport, the men in black10全黑队是新西兰的橄榄球国家队，以身穿黑色球服闻名，是世界级橄榄球强队。are all about Rugby, and New Zealand’s passion for the game is perhaps unlike anywhere else on the planet.

[7] Predictably, over a third of immigrants to New Zealand come from the British Isles. Japan and Korea are the next biggest source of immigration. New Zealand also gets a substantial proportion of its immigrants from the Pacific Islands. South Africa is also a big source.

5. America

[8] America is the number one immigration destination in the world, with over one-fifth of all global immigrants heading there annually, according to a recent US census11census人口普查。study. The downside to that is competition: with all of those other strivers12striver奋斗者。chasing the dream, you might find yourself struggling to get a foothold13foothold（可以此发展或取得成功的）立足点。. And in spite of generally weak employment possibilities and stalled14stall使停止。immigration reform, the US is still one of the best places to come if you’re an engineer or if you’re in the tech industry. Just don’t try entering illegally and stay out of the South.

[9] Yes, crime rates are higher than in countries like Canada or Australia. And the safest city in the USA? Plano, Texas according to recent statistics. What to say about education? America has an overwhelmingly15overwhelmingly压倒性地；可观地。diverse amount of options to choose from when deciding where to study. However, the gaps are huge between the top achievers and those that struggle to stay in school.

[10] America has an incredibly complex tax system that begs for expert advice, or good tax software, to help you navigate it. Right now top marginal rates16marginal rate边际税率，是指增加一些收入时，增加的所纳税额同增加的收入之间的比例。for personal income tax are high at 39.6%. In the mid-fifties America’s Motto changed from “E Pluribus Unum”―which is Latin for“Out of One, Many”―to “In God We Trust”. America’s national pastime used to be Baseball, without any doubt. That’s changed in the last few decades and Foot-ball now bests17best打败，胜过。Baseball for that honor.

[11] Most immigrants to the US currently come from Mexico: over 9,000,000 of the foreign born population of the United States was born in Mexico,and that makes up the vast majority.China and the Philippines are next on the list. India and Vietnam have both provided about 1 million immigrants.

4. Singapore

[12] This powerhouse city-state in Southeast Asia has liberal immigration laws, close to zero unemployment, and half of its population is foreign-born.With English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil spoken in its lively (and notoriously clean―remember the gum and spitting laws18新加坡境内禁止售卖以及在公众场合食用口香糖，更禁止随地吐痰、乱扔垃圾、横穿马路、公众场合吸烟等陋习，违者会受到严厉处罚。?) streets, migrants from Asia and India will feel especially at home here. Keep in mind that it’s small―the country is just one big 700 square kilometre city at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, but it’s also by far the most diverse city in Asia with a centuries-long history of migration.

[13] Singapore’s murder rate per 100,000 inhabitants is an astonishingly low 0.2. Way less than most every other place on the planet. University tuition is not cheap but is reasonable compared to US tuition rates.

[14] Most immigrants are from neigh-bouring Malaysia, whether they are citizens or permanent residents. China is the only other major source of immigrants to the country.

3. Germany

[15] With a population now over 80 million and large scale immigration, it is practically a miracle that Germany has a murder rate that is lower than New Zealand, a laid back19laid back〈非正式〉放松的。island far from the turmoil20turmoil骚动；混乱。of Europe and the Americas.As for education, in the land that gave us Kindergarten21德国幼儿园以学费低廉、混龄教育、注重玩耍及习惯培养而闻名。, did you know that an increasing number of international students are heading to Germany to do their postsecondary studies? In English, not German. The public universities are tuitionfree and as a German professor told the BBC a few years ago, “I wonder whether a Chinese student can understand us better than someone with a Yorkshire22约克郡是英格兰东北部的一个郡。accent or some strange American accent.”At private universities you will pay tuition rates closer to those in the USA.Unfortunately someone has to pay for free universities and public health care and in Germany the top marginal rate for personal taxes is 45%.

[16] The reputation of Germany has having a lot of Turks is true, Turks make up a gigantic23gigantic巨大的，庞大的。proportion of Ger-many’s foreign born population: over 1/4. Europe is the source for most of the other immigrants to Germany.

2. Australia

[17] Kangaroos! Koalas! Surfing!Plus one of the highest standards of living in the world, subsidized language lessons, employment support, and comprehensive health care services. All of that sunny beauty and optimism will cost you―Australia is one of the most expensive places to live in the world.

[18] Australia is a good if not perfect place to do business, coming in at number 11 in Transparency International’s rankings. Within Australia, along the coast in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, you will find the area with the highest crime rate. It’s Gold Coast24黄金海岸位于澳大利亚东部海岸中段，以金色沙滩而得名，是旅游胜地。territory that includes cities like Cairns, Hervey Bay, and Brisbane.

[19] The country’s universities is not cheap for international students. Undergrad programs can run up to US$25,000 a year in tuition fees. Like Germany,Australia has a top marginal tax rate of 45%. Australia’s national sport is arguably Australian Rules Football: Gaelic Football25爱尔兰式足球，一种结合英式足球与橄榄球的混合体育项目。played with a Rugby ball on a converted Cricket Pitch with way to many goalposts.

[20] After all these years, the biggest source of Australia’s immigrants is still the United Kingdom and New Zealand.China, Italy and India are the only other countries to have contributed at least 200,000 immigrants to Australia’s current population.

1.Canada

[21] We might be a little biased, but we think Canada is the most immigration-friendly country in the world.We’ve got plenty of space, we’re already ethnically diverse (including two of the six most multicultural26multicultural多元文化的。cities on earth, Vancouver and Toronto), and we survived the global recession relatively unscathed27unscathed未受伤害的。. Yes, it can get pretty cold,and you’ll probably want to avoid rural areas at first, but Canada has great social services and a high standard of living.

[22] In terms of crime in major Canadian cities, Toronto is one of the safest in the country, behind Quebec City,Guelph, and Barrie only. As for national sports, Canada has two. One for winter:Ice Hockey to no one’s surprise. And one for summer: Lacrosse.

[23] China has eclipsed28eclipse使失色；使相形见绌。the UK as the source of Canada’s largest number of immigrants. The rest of Canada’s immigrants come from all over the world. ■

当你准备离开自己的祖国，到异国他乡开始新的生活，却又不清楚哪个目的地适合你时，不要仅仅往地图上掷飞镖或者单单跟着亲戚走：先确定优先考虑的事项，再选出适合自己的国家。

7.挪威

[2]斯堪的纳维亚是世界上最和平、稳定、安全（且寒冷）的地区，挪威也一直在平等、幸福和生活水平的各种排名中名列前茅。那里有峡湾，有酷酷的维京人遗产，有恢复性司法制度，有末日种子库，还有秉持负责任原则进行投资的巨额石油财富。为跨境滑雪而来，为鲱鱼留下！

[3]挪威在透明国际的榜单上名列175个国家中的第5位，并不出人意料。但稍稍有点令人惊讶的是该国谋杀率为10万分之2.2，比新西兰高出两倍还多，也高于加拿大和澳大利亚。挪威皇家座右铭是“一切为了挪威”，他们似乎也无愧于这句话：免学费的优秀公立大学、日托服务、社会福利网，以及一个斯堪的纳维亚王国所能提供的一切——这个王国拥有巨额主权财富基金，凭借海洋石油发展壮大。

[4]毋庸置疑，移民挪威的人大部分来自西欧和北欧，其中波兰裔的最多。也有来自亚洲各国的移民，其中土耳其裔所占比重较大。

6.新西兰

[5]如果你注重自然风光与悠闲的生活节奏，新西兰将是一个极好的移民目的地。新西兰毗邻东南亚和太平洋诸岛，且十分尊重深厚的毛利本土文化，这让新西兰成为了一个多元又友好的国家。如果你更喜欢大都市的喧嚣，就别来了；但如果你已经准备慢下来，让连绵群山和青葱草木涤荡你的心灵，那就来吧！

[6]从民主开放度和透明度上来说，这个岛国与斯堪的纳维亚国家不相上下。新西兰在透明国际的排行榜上名列第2位，是全球谋杀率最低的国家之一，仅10万分之0.9，比澳大利亚和加拿大还低。可惜的是，在大学阶段国际学生的学费要远远高于本国学生。说到新西兰的国民体育项目，全黑队打的是英式橄榄球。新西兰对这项运动的热情大概无他国可比。

[7]可以料想，不列颠群岛为新西兰提供了超过三分之一的移民。日本和韩国是紧随其后的两个移民来源大国。还有相当一部分移民来自太平洋诸岛和南非。

5.美国

[8]美国是世界上的头号移民目的地。最近一项美国人口普查研究显示，全球每年超过五分之一的移民都流向了美国。由此而来的一个问题就是竞争：跻身在众多逐梦的奋斗者中，你可能会发现自己很难求得一个立足之地。尽管就业需求疲软，移民改革停滞，但只要不试图非法入境而且不去南部，美国对于工程师或者科技行业从业者来说仍不失为最棒的去处之一。

[9]美国的犯罪率确实比加拿大和澳大利亚等国家要高。至于美国哪座城市最安全？最新数据显示，当属得克萨斯州的普莱诺。关于教育有什么需要谈一谈的？美国学校多得让人挑花眼，但对于学优生和学困生来说，情况可是天差地别。

[10]美国有异常复杂的税收制度，你若想摸清门道，只得咨询专家意见或是借助不错的税务软件。现在个人所得税的最高边际税率高达39.6%。在20世纪50年代中期，美国的座右铭从E Pluribus Unum（拉丁文，意为“合众为一”）变成了“我们信仰上帝”。美国以前的国民休闲运动无疑是棒球。但这在过去几十年间发生了变化，如今美式橄榄球已打败棒球赢得这一殊荣。

[11]目前，移民美国的人大部分来自墨西哥：超过900万的外裔美国人来自墨西哥，构成了美国移民的绝大多数。中国和菲律宾位列其后。印度和越南也各自提供了大约100万移民。

4.新加坡

[12]这个强大的东南亚城市国家拥有开明的移民法律、近乎于零的失业率以及半数的外裔人口。新加坡的街道热热闹闹且以干净闻名（还记得禁嚼口香糖和禁止随地吐痰的法律吗？），大街上，英语、汉语、马来语和泰米尔语随处可闻，这让来自亚洲和印度的移民觉得分外亲切。要知道新加坡挺小的，这个国家仅仅是马来半岛顶端一个700平方公里的大城市。但它也是目前亚洲最多元化的城市，其移民历史长达几个世纪。

[13]新加坡的谋杀率低得惊人，只有10万分之0.2，比世界上其他任何地方都低得多。大学学费并不便宜，但相较于美国的学费还算合理。

[14]新加坡大部分移民都来自邻国马来西亚，一些成为了市民，另一些成为了常住居民。这个国家的主要移民来源国除马来西亚外，便是中国了。

3.德国

[15]德国目前人口超过8000万，拥有大规模的移民，其谋杀率却低于新西兰这个远离欧洲和美洲尘嚣的方外之岛，堪称奇迹。说到教育，你可知道，这片土地不仅提供优质的幼儿园教育，还吸引了越来越多的国际学生前来接受高等教育——还不是德文教育而是英文教育呢！德国公立大学是免学费的。前几年，一位德国教授告诉BBC：“我想知道，相比理解约克郡口音或者某种怪异美国口音的人，中国学生是不是更能理解我们说的。”在私立大学，你交的学费接近美国的水准。不过，总要有人为免费的大学和公共医疗买单，德国个人所得税的最高边际税率为45%。

[16]传闻德国有很多土耳其人，那是真的。土耳其人占了德国外裔人口的很大部分，超过1/4。其余移民到德国的人中，来自欧洲的人占了大部分。