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链接高考真题,归纳形容词、副词考点

2016-12-23杨红王炜

试题与研究·高考英语 2016年3期
关键词:典例比较级画线

杨红+王炜

形容词和副词是两类重要的英语词类,在每年的高考中均有考查。下面结合高考真题,分别对其考点进行归纳。

一、复合形容词的构成

【典例】注意例句中画线部分的用法特点。

1. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?(2016年全国I卷,A篇)

2. The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.

3. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.

【考点解读】上述考例中画线部分涉及复合形容词的构成。复合形容词指的是由几个词共同组成并起形容词作用的词,其构成形式主要有:形容词+名词+ed、形容词+名词、形容词/副词+v.-ing、形容词+形容词、副词+过去分词、名词+ v.-ing、名词+过去分词、名词+形容词、数词+名词(+ed)、数词+名词+形容词(old, long, high, deep, tall等)。

【温馨提醒】

●复合形容词中单词与单词之间通常要有连字符。

●复合形容词中的名词只能用原形。

●复合形容词在句子中通常只作定语,较少作表语或补语。

●复合形容词前通常还有冠词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、形容词性物主代词等修饰语。

【即时演练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。

1. 事实上,一幅玫瑰色的画是为假期产业的长远发展而画的。

Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the ____________future of the holiday industry.

2. 欣慰的是,她看到一个老人正划着一条样子古老的船朝她过来。

With relief, she saw an old man rowing an____________boat towards her.

【Keys】1. long-term 2. ancient-looking

二、形容词的句法功能

【典例】注意例句中画线部分的句法作用。

1. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.(2016年全国II卷,D篇)

2. John was dismissed last week because of his casual attitude towards his job.

3. It isnt socially acceptable for parents to leave children unattended at that age.

【考点解读】上述考例中画线部分涉及形容词的句法功能。

●作定语:一般放在被修饰词的前面。

●作表语:常跟在be, feel, get, turn, become, prove等系动词后。注意:asleep, afraid, awake, alone, aware, alive, ablaze, alike等以a开头的形容词仅能用作表语。

●作补语:在make, keep, get, find, wish, leave, see, consider等动词后,作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态、特征、现状或某一动作的结果等。

●(短语)作状语:可看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开,位于句首、句末或句中,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等,意义上相当于一个状语从句。

【即时演练】指出画线部分的形容词在句子中所作的成分。

1. Ive been building a new car with a team from Queensland University.

2. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white.

3. The artist was born poor, and poor he remained all his life.

【Keys】 1. 定语 2. 补语 3. 状语;表语

三、形容词作定语时的位置

【典例】注意例句中画线部分的用法特点。

1. If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.(2016年全国I卷,A篇)

2. With the world changing fast, we have something new to deal with all by ourselves every day.

【考点解读】上述考例中画线部分涉及形容词作定语时的位置问题。形容词作定语一般位于名词前。但以下情况中,形容词作定语需要后置:

●形容词修饰由every-,some-,any-,no-加body, one, thing等构成的复合不定代词时。

●形容词短语作定语时(其功能相当于一个定语从句)。

●中间用and, or 或but连接的两个意义相近或相反的成对的形容词作定语时。

●形容词else作定语修饰不定代词或疑问代词时。

●形容词比较等级结构作定语修饰名词时。

●“基数词+表示时间或度量单位的名词+形容词”结构作定语修饰名词时。

【即时演练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。

1. 市长悬赏5000美金给任何能活捉或打死那只老虎的人。

The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to anyone who can capture the tiger____________.

2. 如果有人让你替别人照看行李,请马上通知警察。

If asked to look after luggage for ____________, inform the police at once.

【Keys】1. alive or dead 2. someone else

四、多个形容词作前置定语修饰同一个名词的排列顺序

【典例】注意例句中画线部分的用法特点。

Its a charming small French clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.

【考点解读】上述考例中画线部分涉及形容词排序问题。当多个形容词修饰名词时,排列的顺序口诀为“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠”。

【即时演练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。

这个漂亮的西班牙小姑娘是琳达的表妹。

The____________girl is Lindas cousin.

【Keys】 pretty little Spanish

五、形容词、副词比较等级的用法

【典例】注意例句中画线部分的用法特点。

1. Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.

2. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening.

3. The new Library of Birmingham(LoB)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization of everyday life.

【考点解读】上述考例中画线部分涉及比较等级问题。

●两者相比,当A=B时,肯定形式用“as + adj./adv.原级+ as”或者“as + adj./adv.原级+(a/an+) n.+ as”来表示相比较两者的情况一样。

●两者相比,当A≠B时,否定形式用“not so/as + adj./adv.原级+ as”或者“not so/as +adj.原级+(a/an+) n.+ as”来表示相比较两者的情况不一样,前者不如后者。

●当双方比较,A>B时,用“比较级/more +than”结构。当A不及B的程度时,用“less + adj./adv.原级 +than”结构。

●表示“两者中较……的那个人或事物”时,用“the+比较级+of the two...”或“of the two…the+比较级”结构。

●“the+ adj./adv.最高级(+名词)+表示范围的短语或从句” 结构是三者或三者以上中程度最高的比较方式。

【温馨提醒】

●“the+比较级……, the+比较级……”结构表示后者随着前者的变化而变化,意为“越……就越……”,前者相当于一个条件句,因此,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

●“比较级+ and+比较级” 结构表示事物自身情况的逐渐增减,意为“越来越……”,单音节adj./adv.用“-er+and +-er”,多音节adj./adv.用“more and more” 或“less and less”。

【即时演练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。

1. 销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售技巧一样重要。

Sales director is a position where communication ability is just____________sales skills.

2. 在这两件外套中,为了省出钱来买书我会选择便宜的。

Of the two coats,Id choose____________one to spare some money for a book.

3. 我们越愤怒就越有可能走向我们愤怒的事物。

________________________we are,________________________we are to move towards the object of our anger.

【Keys】 1. as important as 2. the cheaper

3. The angrier; the more likely

六、形容词、副词比较等级的修饰语

【典例】注意例句中画线部分的用法特点。

1. Its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.

2. Youre driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more slowly?

3. H. B. Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example.

【考点解读】上述考例中画线部分涉及比较等级修饰语问题。

● “as + adj.原级+ as”结构前可用 almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite, …times, twice, 倍数,分数,百分数等修饰,表示程度。

●用a little, a bit, a little bit, slightly等修饰比较级,表示“稍微”“一点”;用much, far, by far, a lot, a good deal, a great deal, rather等修饰,表示“……得多”;用even, still修饰比较级,表示“更……”;用倍数,分数,百分数等修饰比较级,表示程度。

●最高级可用(by) far, much, nearly, about, almost, not quite, by no means, very, next, only及序数词等修饰,表示程度或顺序。

【即时演练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。

1. 然而,现在作为一个公众人物,比以前更困难。

Being a public figure today, however, is____________than it used to be.

2. 随着风越刮越大,火蔓延得越来越远。

The fire spread________________________,with the wind blowing________________________strongly.

【Keys】1. a lot more difficult 2. farther and farther; more and more

七、副词的位置

【典例】注意例句中画线部分的用法特点。

1. You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.(2016年全国I卷,A篇)

2. So I am always conscious of time.(2016年全国I卷,C篇)

3. With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.

【考点解读】上述考例中画线部分涉及副词的位置问题。

●程度副词一般都放在它所修饰的词的前面。enough用作程度副词,可用来修饰形容词、副词、动词等,放在被修饰语之后。

●also, very, even, just, only, not, nearly, especially, exactly, simply, rather, quite等副词可以修饰名词及名词同位语,通常放在被修饰名词的前面。

●here, there, nearby, downstairs, upstairs, above, tomorrow, today等表示地点、时间的副词,虽然不能前置修饰名词,但可以后置修饰。

●always, seldom, often, never, rarely 等频度副词通常都放在实义动词前面,情态动词、助动词或动词be后面。

【即时演练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。

1. 我们只有100美元,怎么也不够买一台新电脑。

We only had $100 and that was nowhere near____________to buy a new computer.

2. 艾伦是个仔细的司机,但是在我所有的朋友当中,他的车开得最不仔细。

Alan is a careful driver, but he drives the____________of my friends.

【Keys】1. enough 2. least carefully

八、小试牛刀

(一)单句填空

1. However, in the long run what is really ____________(effect)would be the sharing of knowledge.

2. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks____________(friend)to people greeting him.

3. After the long journey, the three of them went back home,____________(hunger)and tired.

4. Besides giving help to the countries____________(concern), there is also the build-up of friendships to consider.

5. They have found that the sun often causes footprints in the snow to become____________(large).

6. Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools for____________(far)education.

7. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his____________(well-known) one.

8. My hand writing is not half____________good as yours.

9. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier ____________it used to be.

10. Of the two sisters,Betty is_____________younger one,and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.

(二)语法填空

Xiong Chaozhong, born on Oct.3, 1982 in Wenshan, Yunnan, is a 1.55-metre-tall Chinas 1 (profession) boxer.

Xiong used to be a miner 2 (work) very hard for a living for many years,which made him very 3 (strength). He began his boxing career in 2006. Two years 4 (late) he took part in a boxing competition for the first time.

After his 6-years training, the boxer won the World Boxing Council (WBC) minimum-weight competition 5 (hold) at the Kunming Gymnasium(体育馆) on November 24, 2012, becoming Chinas first international boxing champion. As a result he is regarded as “Little Tyson” in China.

As is said, 6 success was a good start to him. Now, inspired by the achievement, Xiong makes up his mind to win 7 (many) titles in the future.

Xiong has set an excellent example to

8 of us. His story tells us that we should try our 9 (good) to overcome any 10 (difficult) in life.

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