阴道超声联合血清HE4检测在卵巢癌早期诊断与病情监测中的意义△
2016-10-18潘琦文卢素娟
潘琦文 卢素娟
河池市人民医院妇科,广西河池547000
阴道超声联合血清HE4检测在卵巢癌早期诊断与病情监测中的意义△
潘琦文#卢素娟
河池市人民医院妇科,广西河池547000
目的探讨阴道超声联合血清人附睾蛋白4(HE4)检测在卵巢癌早期诊断与病情监测中的意义,为临床卵巢癌诊断治疗提供依据。方法选择100例卵巢癌患者作为研究对象,另选取同期住院的卵巢良性病变患者100例,均行阴道超声检查,ELISA法测定患者血清HE4、CA125水平,对单一检测及联合检测灵敏度及特异度进行比较分析。结果卵巢癌组血清HE4水平、CA125水平、阴道超声评分均高于卵巢良性病变组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着卵巢癌组临床分期增加,血清HE4水平、CA125水平、阴道超声评分升高(P<0.05);实性肿物较囊性肿物恶性率高,单侧病变最大径线>5 cm较最大径线≤5 cm恶性率高,可见腹腔积液患者较无腹腔积液患者恶性率高,肿瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期恶性率高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌组HE4、CA125、阴道超声检测阳性率均高于卵巢良性病变组(P<0.05);HE4单项检测性能优于阴道超声检测,阴道超声与HE4联合检测的灵敏度、特异度高于阴道超声、HE4单一检测,阴道超声+HE4联合检测灵敏度和特异度与阴道超声+CA125比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);阴道超声+HE4联合检测灵敏度及特异度与阴道超声+ CA125+HE4比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阴道超声联合HE4检测可提高卵巢癌诊断灵敏度与特异度,有助于卵巢癌早期诊断及病情监测。
卵巢癌;HE4;阴道超声;联合检测
Oncol Prog,2016,14(6)
卵巢癌为临床常见女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤,死亡率居女性生殖器恶性肿瘤之首[1-2]。由于其起病隐匿,缺乏早期临床症状,多数患者确诊时已处于晚期,且预后较差,复发率较高[3-4]。卵巢癌如能早期发现治疗,可提高患者存活率及预后情况,因此提高卵巢癌的早期诊断水平对于改善患者预后及病情监测有重要意义。目前临床卵巢癌早期筛查方法为超声和肿瘤标志物,临床公认的肿瘤标志物CA125已在卵巢癌诊断、疗效及预后评估中广泛应用,但CA125诊断卵巢癌的灵敏度较低[5-6]。人附睾蛋白4(human epididymal protein 4,HE4)作为新的肿瘤标志物,有研究显示卵巢癌细胞中HE4高度表达,在卵巢癌早期诊断及疾病监测中具有重要作用[7-8]。目前关于联合检测血清HE4、CA125、CA199在卵巢恶性肿瘤、子宫内膜癌的应用较多,HE4联合阴道超声在卵巢癌早期诊断中的应用研究较少,有研究显示HE4联合超声检查诊断早期上皮卵巢癌敏感度为94.4%[9],根据样本量计算公式,本研究纳入100例卵巢癌患者作为研究对象,探讨阴道超声联合血清HE4检测在卵巢癌早期诊断与病情监测中的意义,为提高卵巢癌早期诊断水平及卵巢癌患者生存率提供依据。
1 对象与方法
1.1研究对象
选择2013年1月至2015年12月医院妇科收治的100例卵巢癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者临床资料完整,年龄25~67岁,平均年龄(43.13±12.59)岁,均经病理学检查证实卵巢癌,按国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)2000年版的卵巢癌临床分期标准分为:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期28例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期72例。选取同期住院的卵巢良性病变(经病理学检查证实为良性卵巢肿瘤)患者100例,年龄25~73岁,平均年龄(46.97± 10.32)岁。纳入标准:确诊为卵巢癌或良性卵巢肿瘤,临床资料完整,术前未行化疗或其他抗癌治疗。两组均排除严重肝肾功能不全者、慢性心功能不全者、其他部位恶性肿瘤者、妊娠者。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,所有研究对象均自愿签署知情同意书。
1.2方法
两组受检者均于清晨抽取空腹静脉血3.0 ml,3000 r/min(离心半径=10 cm)离心15 min,分离血清,并采用ELISA法检测血清HE4与CA125的水平,严格按照试剂说明书及操作规程要求进行操作检测,试剂盒由瑞典康乃格诊断公司提供。HE4的参考范围:0~150 pmol/L,以高于参考范围上限判断为阳性;CA125的参考范围:0~35 U/ml,以高于参考范围上限判断为阳性。
所有患者进行阴道超声检查,探头频率:7.5~10.0 MHz,多切面扫查患者双侧卵巢及盆腔内子宫,了解双附件及子宫情况,观察盆腔内是否存在肿瘤,肿瘤形态及大小,囊壁厚度、边界、内部回声等,依据形态学特征采用改良Lerner评分系统[10]对卵巢肿瘤进行阴道超声评分。良性肿瘤:超声评分<4分;恶性肿瘤:超声评分≥4分。
1.3统计学方法
应用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料以率(-%)表示,采用χ2检验;计量资料用均数±标准差(±s)表示,采用方差分析及t检验进行组间比较;采用受试者工作特征曲线法判断单一指标及联合检测对卵巢癌的诊断灵敏度及特异度,卵巢癌患者肿瘤恶性程度多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1两组患者HE4、CA125阴道超声检测结果比较
卵巢癌组患者血清HE4水平、CA125水平、阴道超声评分均高于卵巢良性病变组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌组Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的血清HE4水平、CA125水平、阴道超声评分均高于卵巢癌组Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(表1)
表1 两组患者HE4、CA125、阴道超声检测结果比较(±s)
表1 两组患者HE4、CA125、阴道超声检测结果比较(±s)
2.2肿瘤恶性情况与阴道超声检测结果的关系分析
肿物性质、单侧病变最大径线、肿瘤分期不同,病变单双侧以及是否有腹腔积液间肿瘤恶性差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实性肿物较囊性肿物恶性率高,单侧病变最大径线>5 cm较最大径线≤5 cm恶性率高,可见腹腔积液患者较无腹腔积液患者恶性率高,肿瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期恶性率高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表2。肿瘤恶性影响因素的Logistic多因素回归分析显示,肿瘤分期与单侧病变最大径线、肿物性质为其影响因素(P<0.05),详见表3。
表2 200例患者的阴道超声检测结果卵巢恶性病变的关系分析
表3 卵巢恶性病变的分析
2.3两组患者HE4、CA125阴道超声检测的阳性率比较
通过分析发现,卵巢癌组HE4、CA125、阴道超声检测的阳性率均显著高于卵巢良性病变组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(表4)
表4 两组患者HE4、CA125、阴道超声检测阳性率比较[n(%)]
2.4卵巢癌患者血清HE4、CA125、阴道超声联合检测结果比较
HE4单项检测性能优于阴道超声,阴道超声+ HE4联合检测的灵敏度高于阴道超声、HE4单一检测,差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=6.366、3.979,P<0.05);阴道超声+HE4联合检测的特异度高于阴道超声、HE4单一检测,差异均具有统计学意义(χ2= 6.105、4.348,P<0.05);阴道超声+HE4联合检测灵敏度和特异度与阴道超声+CA125比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=6.366、7.037,P<0.05);阴道超声+ HE4联合检测灵敏度及特异度与阴道超声+ CA125+HE4比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(表5)
表5 卵巢癌患者血清HE4、CA125、阴道超声联合检测结果比较[n(%)]
3 讨论
由于卵巢的胚胎发育、组织解剖及内分泌功能较复杂,早期症状不典型,术前鉴别卵巢肿瘤的组织类型及良恶性比较困难,临床上容易造成漏诊及误诊,所以卵巢癌的早期诊断与及时筛查对于提高患者生存率尤为关键[11-12]。卵巢癌发生部位较隐蔽,且患者早期特征性症状较少,血清学变化在卵巢癌的发展过程中可早期预测,临床对于卵巢癌诊断的金标准为病灶组织病理检查,目前常用血清学指标HE4、CA125、CA199等用于卵巢癌筛查及早期诊断[12]。目前超声和肿瘤标志物是临床常用筛查早期卵巢癌的检测方法,HE4作为一种新的肿瘤标志物,国外已有将血清HE检测应用于卵巢癌诊断的研究,其敏感性和特异性均高于CA125,可用于卵巢癌的早期诊断,国内有多家单位报道血清HE4联合CA125、CA199检测在卵巢恶性肿瘤、子宫内膜癌应用价值,而HE4联合阴道超声在卵巢癌早期诊断中的应用的研究少见报道,本研究应用HE4联合阴道超声检查,评价二者联合诊断早期卵巢癌的应用价值,以提高卵巢癌的早期诊断水平,达到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,提高卵巢癌的生存率,改善患者生活质量。
目前卵巢癌诊断方法主要有两种,但存在一定局限性,经阴道超声检查(TUV)可用于检查女性的生殖器官,包括卵巢、子宫、宫颈及阴道,但需要经验丰富的临床技师对检测结果进行解读;另一种为检测肿瘤标志物CA125,但特异性及敏感性较低,容易出现假阴性或假阳性结果,如部分良性卵巢疾病会引起CA125水平升高,约50%卵巢癌I期患者并未出现CA125升高。新的肿瘤标志物HE4在卵巢癌组织中高表达,癌旁组织及正常卵巢组织不表达,该指标诊断卵巢癌的敏感度、特异度与CA125相比更高。本研究结果表明,卵巢癌组血清HE4水平、阴道超声评分均高于卵巢良性病变组,随着卵巢癌组临床分期升高,血清HE4水平、阴道超声评分升高,提示血清HE4水平升高可能与病程相关;阴道超声结果显示实性肿物较囊性肿物恶性率高,单侧病变最大径线>5 cm较最大径线≤5 cm恶性率高;;腹腔积液患者较未见腹腔积液患者恶性率高;卵巢癌组HE4、阴道超声检测阳性率均高于卵巢良性病变组,HE4单项检测性能优于阴道超声,阴道超声与HE4联合检测的灵敏度、特异度高于阴道超声、HE4单一检测,提示单一指标检测可能干扰血清学诊断,容易造成误诊,因此临床需结合患者各项检查结果分析,阴道超声与HE4联合检测灵敏度、特异度均提高,提示联合检测可提高诊断卵巢癌的灵敏度,有助于早期发现卵巢癌。阴道超声+HE4联合检测灵敏度和特异度与阴道超声+CA125比较,差异有统计学意义,提示阴道超声+HE4联合检测可能为较好的卵巢癌早期诊断和监测方法,由于卵巢肿瘤结构复杂,受到仪器性能、月经周期等因素影响,阴道超声联合检测敏感卵巢肿瘤标志物HE4可排除部分外界干扰因素,提高诊断特异度及灵敏度。阴道超声+HE4联合检测灵敏度高于及特异度低于阴道超声+CA125+HE4,差异无统计学意义,提示阴道超声联合HE4检测有助于卵巢癌早期诊断,可能是更合理和经济的方法,仍需扩大样本进一步研究证实。
卵巢癌早期症状特异性不强,且在盆腔检查时,早期肿瘤不易察觉,卵巢癌的高危因素包括高龄,BRCA1和BRCA2等部分基因缺陷,乳腺癌个人病史,卵巢癌家族病史等因素[13-14],因此卵巢癌的早期发现与早期诊断最为重要。综上所述,阴道超声联合HE4检测可提高卵巢癌诊断灵敏度与特异度,有助于卵巢癌早期诊断及病情监测,应用前景较好。
[1]La Vecchia C.Ovarian cancer:epidemiology and risk factors[J].Eur J Cancer Prev,2016 Jan 1.
[2]Kotsopoulos J,Rosen B,Fan I,et al.Ten-year survival after epithelial ovarian cancer is not associated with BRCA mutation status[J].Gynecol Oncol,2016,140(1):42-47.
[3]Yamamoto M,Tsujikawa T,Fujita Y,et al.Metabolic tumor burden predicts prognosis of ovarian cancer patients who receive platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy[J].Cancer Sci,2016,107(4):478-485.
[4]Shim SH,Kim SN,Jung PS,et al.Impact of surgical staging on prognosis in patients with borderline ovarian tumours:Ameta-analysis[J].Eur J Cancer,2016,54:84-95.
[5]Cho HY,Park SH,Park YH,et al.Comparison of HE4,CA125,and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm in the Prediction of Ovarian Cancer in Korean Women[J].J Korean Med Sci,2015,30(12):1777-1783.
[6]Pitynski K,Sporek A,Lipinska I,et al.Significance of adding progesterone to the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm for early stage ovarian cancer detection in patients with a pelvic mass:A single-center case-control study[J]. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol,2015,54(6):766-772.
[7]Zhang P,Wang C,Cheng L,et al.Comparison of HE4,CA125,and ROMA diagnostic accuracy:a prospective and multicenter study for Chinese women with epithelial ovarian cancer[J].Medicine(Baltimore),2015,94(52):e2402.
[8]Zhang L,Chen Y,Liu W,et al.Evaluating the clinical significances of serum HE4 with CA125 in peritoneal tuberculosis and epithelial ovarian cancer[J].Biomarkers,2016,21(2):168-172.
[9]宋晓玲,杨毓琴,李青.超声联合HE4诊断早期上皮性卵巢癌的临床价值[J].军医进修学院学报,2012,33(2):161-162.
[10]Lerner JP,Timor-Tritsch IE,Federman A,et al.Transvaginal ultrasonographic characterization of ovarian masses with an improved,weighted scoring system[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,1994,170(1 Pt 1):81-85.
[11]Al-Musalhi K,Al-Kindi M,Ramadhan F,et al.Validity of cancer antigen-125(CA-125)and risk of malignancy index(RMI)in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer[J].Oman Med J,2015,30(6):428-434.
[12]Zhang W,Niu C,He W,et al.Upregulation of centrosomal protein 55 is associated with unfavorable prognosis and tumor invasion in epithelial ovarian carcinoma[J].Tumour Biol,2016,37(5):6239-6254.
[13]Luo XZ,He QZ,Wang K.Expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and correlation with clinical stage and pathological grade[J].Int J Clin Exp Med,2015,8(8):14323-14327.
[14]Burghaus S,Häberle L,Schrauder MG,et al.Endometriosis as a risk factor for ovarian or endometrial cancer-results of a hospital-based case-control study[J].BMC Cancer,2015,15:751.
Significance of transvaginal ultrasonography combined with serum HE4 detection in early diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer△
PAN Qi-wen#LU Su-juan
Department of Gynecology,Hechi People’s Hospital,Hechi 547000,Guangxi,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of transvaginal ultrasonography(TVU)in combination with serum HE4 detection in early diagnosis and disease monitoring for ovarian cancer,facilitating the clinical diagnosis and treatment procedures.MethodA total of 100 patients with ovarian cancer were enrolled as study group,and another 100 patients with benign ovarian lesions during the same period were included as control group.All patients were administered with TVU,besides the serum HE4 and CA125 levels were detected by ELISA assay.The sensitivity and specificity of single or combined detection were compared.ResultSerum HE4 and CA125 levels and TVU scores were significantly higher in study group than that in control group(P<0.05).In study group,with clinical stages of ovarian cancer increased,the serum HE4 and CA125 levels and vaginal ultrasound score were elevated(P<0.05).More malignancies were observed in solid mass than cystic mass,and in lesions with unilateral maximum diameter>5 cm than that with maximum diameter≤5 cm,as well as in patients with visible ascites than those with no malignant ascites(P<0.05).The positive detection rate of HE4,CA125 and TVU in study group were all higher than that in control group(P<0.05);HE4 detection alone had a better performance than TVU,while the combination of TVU+HE4 were superior in sensitivity and specificity than TVU or HE4 detection alone,and were significantly different with that of TVU+CA125(all P<0.05),though comparable with TVU+HE4+CA125(P>0.05).ConclusionTransvaginal ultrasonography combined with HE4 detection improves the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing ovarian cancer,which is useful in promoting early diagnosis and disease monitoring for the disease.
ovarian cancer;HE4;transvaginal ultrasound;combined detection
R737.31
A
10.11877/j.issn.1672-1535.2016.14.06.08
2016-02-01)
广西壮族自治区卫生厅自筹经费科研课题(E2013530)
(corresponding author),邮箱:panqiwengguangxi@163.com