渐进式康复护理对改善乳腺癌患者根治术后生命质量的作用
2016-09-21魏莉
魏莉
摘 要 目的:探讨渐进式康复护理对改善乳腺癌根治术后生命质量的作用。方法:选取2012年11月—2014年1月乳腺癌患者97例,均行改良根治术治疗。将患者随机分为试验组49例和对照组48例。试验组患者于术后第1天进行第1节康复操训练,次日进行情况调查,并学习新的康复操。依次类推,直到患者出院。对照组患者进行常规护理,包括围术期护理、早期功能锻炼、出院指导等。采用健康相关生命质量量表(HRQOL)评估患者健康相关生命质量情况,包括5个维度。结果:干预前,试验组和对照组的HRQOL评分分别为(57.01±7.33)分和(57.18±8.44)分,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,试验组和对照组的HRQOL评分分别为(32.87±9.22)分和(37.81±6.44)分,均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者的生理、与医务人员关系、心理社会、性功能、婚姻关系评分均低于干预前(P<0.05);且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:渐进式康复护理对改善乳腺癌改良根治术后患者生命质量有较好效果。
关键词 乳腺癌 康复护理 生命质量
中图分类号:R737.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)16-0060-03
Effect of progressive rehabilitation nursing on the quality of life of patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy
WEI Li(Central Peoples Hospital of Jian City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effect of progressive rehabilitation nursing on the life quality of breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy. Methods: Ninety-seven cases of breast cancer that were all treated by modified radical mastectomy were selected from Nov. 2012 to Jan. 2014 and randomly divided into an experiment group with 49 cases and a control group with 48 cases. The experiment group was trained by the first section of rehabilitation exercise after operation for 1 day, the next day the condition was surveyed, and then the patients learned the new rehabilitation exercise in turn until the patients were discharged from the hospital. The control group was nursed by the routine nursing, including perioperative nursing, early function rehabilitation, discharge instruction and so on. The health-related quality of life scale (HRQOL) was used to assess the patients health-related quality of life. Results: Before intervention, the HRQOL in the experimental group and the control group were 57.01±7.33 and 57.18±8.44, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of the health related quality of life in the experimental group and the control group were 32.87±9.22 and 37.81±6.44, respectively, which were all improved compared with before treatment(P<0.05), and the experiment group was better than the control group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in scores of the physiology, relationship with the medical staff, psycho-social factor, sexual function, and marriage relation of the patients in the two groups before intervention(P>0.05). The scores of physiology, relationship with the medical staff, psycho-social factor, sexual function, and marriage relation for the experiment group were lower after intervention than before intervention in the two groups(P<0.05). The intervention group was better than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Progressive rehabilitation nursing has the good clinical effect on the improvement of patients with breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy.
KEY WORDS breast cancer; rehabilitation nursing; quality of life
我国女性乳腺癌发病率相对较高,严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至危及生命[1]。乳腺癌患者行手术治疗往往会影响第二性征,而且化疗亦会影响患者的自我形象,使自尊心受到影响。因此,多数患者会在治疗期间出现心理问题,主要表现为焦虑、失眠、抑郁等[2-3]。对患者进行有效护理,对改善患者的心理状况具有重要意义。本文报道渐进式康复护理对改善乳腺癌改良根治术后患者生命质量的效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2012年11月—2014年1月我院收治的乳腺癌患者97例,均行改良根治术并经病理证实。按照随机数字表法将患者分为试验组49例和对照组48例。试验组患者年龄22~69岁,平均(51.69±7.22)岁;浸润性导管癌40例,导管内癌8例,其他1例;组织学分级1级4例,2级39例,3级6例;对照组患者年龄22~69岁,平均(52.04±7.34)岁;浸润性导管癌39例,导管内癌8例,其他1例;组织学分级1级4例,2级38例,3级6例。排除非原发性乳腺癌、伴有脑功能障碍、合并糖尿病、晚期乳腺癌、预计生存期低于6个月的患者。两组患者的临床资料相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者均知情同意。
1.2 方法
试验组在手术后第1天进行第1节康复操训练,次日进行情况调查,并学习新的康复操。依次类推,直到患者出院。在出院时,为患者发放康复手册和康复操VCD等,指导患者记录康复操锻炼情况。为患者举办乳腺癌相关知识讲座,指导患者进行术后饮食、综合治疗、心理康复、性生活、乳房自查等。为患者制定个体化咨询,对患者进行随访,为患者解决问题。对照组患者进行常规护理,包括围术期护理、早期功能锻炼和出院指导等。
采用健康相关生命质量量表(HRQOL)进行调查,内容包括生理功能、与医务人员关系、心理社会、性功能及婚姻关系5个维度,共34项问题,每项均采用5级评分法:无计0分,轻度计1分,中度计2分,较严重计3分,严重计4分,评分越高表示生命质量越差。
1.3 统计学分析
2 结果
干预前,试验组和对照组的HRQOL评分分别为(57.01±7.33)分和(57.18±8.44)分,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,试验组和对照组的HRQOL评分分别为(32.87±9.22)分和(37.81±6.44)分,均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。
两组患者干预前、后的健康相关生命质量各维度评分见表1。与干预前相比,干预后两组各维度评分均有改善(P<0.05),且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)
3 讨论
乳腺癌根治术是常见的外科治疗手段,也是乳腺癌患者首选的治疗方案[4-5]。乳腺癌根治术的范围是将整个患病的乳腺连同癌瘤周围5 cm的皮肤、乳腺周围脂肪组织、胸大肌、胸小肌及其筋膜以及腋窝、锁骨下所有脂肪组织和淋巴结整块切除[6-8],对患者的生命质量有一定的影响。生命质量是动态、主观和多维概念,包括生理功能、疾病和治疗相关症状。心理功能[9]、社会功能等维度,受到多种因素的影响[10]。对乳腺癌改良根治术患者进行渐进式康复护理,可以改善患者的生命质量,有积极的影响[11]。
本研究采用渐进式康复护理,主要包括全身运动、健康教育、小组交流等。经过一系列的护理干预后,试验组健康相关生命质量评分低于对照组和干预前(P<0.05),提示试验组因得到相应的指导和帮助,生命质量得到有效改善。同时,试验组生理功能、与医务人员关系、心理社会、性功能、婚姻关系评分均低于对照组和干预前(P<0.05),提示经过肢体功能锻炼、康复讲座学习后,患者的生理功能、与医务人员关系、心理社会、性功能、婚姻关系方面均有明显的提高。随着人们对生活质量的要求越来越高,医患关系也成为社会关注的热点问题之一[12-13]。本文通过渐进式康复护理,使护理人员与患者建立了较好的医患关系,患者能积极配合护理措施,提高生命质量。
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