血小板平均体积与膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎的相关性研究
2016-09-18苏柯李龙杰王军
苏柯,李龙杰,王军
(河北省沧州市中心医院关节外科治疗中心,河北 沧州 061001)
血小板平均体积与膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎的相关性研究
苏柯,李龙杰,王军
(河北省沧州市中心医院关节外科治疗中心,河北 沧州061001)
目的研究血小板平均体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)与膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎的相关性。方法2011年7月至2014年6月收治539 例患者,其中男212 例,女327 例;年龄34~59 岁,平均50 岁。根据骨关节炎K-L分级和Ayral滑膜炎评分分为膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎(synovitis associated with osteoarthritis,SOA)173 例,膝骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)189 例,不符合膝骨关节炎诊断(对照组)177 例。测量患者MPV、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP),数据采用方差分析、双变量相关与回归分析进行统计检验。结果膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组与膝骨关节炎组MPV差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组与对照组MPV差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);膝骨关节炎组与对照组MPV差异无统计学意义(P=0.939)。膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组MVP与CRP呈负相关(r=-0.263,P<0.01),MPV与ESR呈负相关(r=-0.246,P<0.01)。膝骨关节炎组MPV与CRP无相关(P=0.310),MPV与ESR无相关(P=0.598)。对照组MPV与CRP、MPV与ESR无相关。结论MPV可反映膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎的病变程度,滑膜炎症反应与MPV的变化有关。
骨关节炎;滑膜炎;血小板平均体积;C-反应蛋白;红细胞沉降
膝骨关节炎是临床常见疾病,以软骨病变、骨赘形成、关节间隙变窄为特征,且多伴有滑膜增生、充血水肿[1]。有报道证实类风湿性关节炎患者血小板平均体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)与关节滑膜病变的严重程度相关,而经关节镜探查的膝骨关节炎患者,约50%伴有滑膜炎症改变[2],滑膜病变的严重程度也可反映膝骨关节炎的病变进展[3]。目前国内关于膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎与MPV的相关性未见报道,大量文献表明MPV可辅助其他化验指标如白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、C反应蛋白(-reactive protein,CRP)、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、血小板(platelet,PLT)反映炎症程度[4-5]。因此,我们研究MPV与膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎的关系,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料选择2011年7月至2014年6月就诊治疗的膝关节疾病患者539 例,男212 例,女327 例;年龄34~59 岁,平均50 岁。术前根据Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)分级将患者分为骨关节炎组362 例,非骨关节炎组177 例。其中骨关节炎组均行膝关节镜手术,术中根据Ayral滑膜评分[6]分为膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组173 例,膝骨关节炎组189 例;膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组男59 例,女114 例,平均年龄(53.87±3.01) 岁;膝骨关节炎组男67 例,女122 例,平均年龄(47.22±4.51) 岁。非骨关节炎组男86 例,女91 例,平均年龄(51.40±5.41) 岁,无手术指证且未经手术治疗。各组一般资料见表1。
表1 539 例患者性别、年龄分布及骨关节炎分级
1.2分组标准膝骨关节炎组的入选标准(K-L分级)0级:膝正侧位X线无改变;1级:关节间隙可疑狭窄,可能有骨赘;2级:明确骨赘,关节间隙正常或可疑狭窄;3级:中度骨赘,关节间隙明确狭窄,软骨下骨部分硬化;4级:巨大骨赘,关节间隙明显狭窄,软骨下骨严重硬化,明显畸形。
Ayral滑膜评分,0分:正常滑膜,半透明细绒毛状;0.5分:增生滑膜,不透明肥大绒毛,血管网不可见;1分:炎症滑膜,严重增生肥大绒毛,血管增生。关节腔内区域按比例划分髌上囊:后壁(X1)占20%,前内侧壁(X2)占10%,前外侧壁(X3)占10%,髌下脂肪垫(X4)占25%;股骨内侧沟(X5)占10%,外侧沟(X6)占10%;半月板周围:内侧(X7)占5%,外侧(X8)占5%;髁间切迹(X9)占5%。Ayral滑膜评分=20X1+10X2+10X3+25X4+10X5+10X6+5X7+5X8+5X9。
关节镜下Outerbridge分级,Ⅰ度:表面轻度的水疱(软化和肿胀);Ⅱ度:直径小于1 cm的毛糙和浅表溃疡、纤维化;Ⅲ度:损伤直径大于1 cm深溃疡,无软骨下骨暴露;Ⅳ度:全厚撕裂合并软骨下骨暴露。
根据以上标准分为三组,膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组:符合膝骨关节炎诊断且Ayral评分大于等于60分;膝骨关节炎组:符合膝骨关节炎诊断且Ayral评分小于60分;对照组:不符合膝骨关节炎诊断,未经手术治疗患者。排除标准:排除影响PLT及MPV的血液系统疾病、肿瘤、免疫系统疾病、糖尿病、心血管疾病、外周血管疾病以及外伤感染。1.3数据采集采集空腹静脉血1 mL,Sysmex XE5000血细胞分析仪测量各组MPV,日立7 600生化仪测量CRP、ESR。
1.4统计分析使用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计描述、正态性检验。多样本均数比较采用方差分析,统计学标准选用P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。两因素相关性采用Pearson相关分析,统计学标准选用P<0.01为差异有统计学意义。
2 结 果
膝骨关节炎组与对照组MPV、ESR、CRP分别比较,P=0.000;膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组与膝骨关节炎组MPV、ESR、CRP分别比较,P=0.000,差异有统计学意义(见表2)。两因素相关分析结果为:膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组中MPV与CRP呈负相关(r=-0.263,P<0.01),MPV与ESR呈负相关(r=-0.246,P<0.01)(见图1~2);而膝骨关节炎组中MPV与CRP无相关(P=0.310),MPV与ESR也无相关(P=0.598)(见图3~4);对照组中MPV与CRP、ESR均无相关。
表2 膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组、膝骨关节炎组与对照组MPV、ESR、CRP比较±s)
3 讨 论
膝骨关节炎是老年人群中的一种常见疾病[7],以关节软骨变性、关节边缘和软骨下骨再生为特征,可累及关节滑膜并使滑膜增生出现炎症反应。Ayral等报道,关节内滑膜炎症反应会加剧软骨病变,导致软骨缺失。
以往描述滑膜增生程度常采用Ayral滑膜炎评分,但这种评分需要手术,是一种有创评估。术前提示滑膜炎症程度的血液指标常采用ESR和CRP,在急性炎症反应时,CRP与炎症反应有良好的相关性。我们查阅以往文献发现MPV与心血管疾病的危险因素(肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、动脉硬化)相关[8-10]。而且已有研究表明,MPV与类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、腹腔内感染呈负相关[11-12],其治疗效果可通过MPV水平进行监测[11,13]。Yazici等[14]通过研究97 例类风湿性关节炎患者的血小板特性,发现MPV与类风湿疾病的严重程度相关。Kisacik等[15]比较类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎和骨关节炎患者MPV水平,结果显示类风湿性关节炎患者的MPV水平明显低于骨关节炎患者,经过确切的抗风湿治疗,MPV水平明显提高,在强直性脊柱炎患者中,MPV的变化特性同样存在。因此,Gasparyan等[16]建议将MPV作为炎症反应指标,通过检测MPV水平评价抗类风湿治疗的疗效。而MPV水平与骨关节炎伴滑膜炎是否具有相关性目前尚未见报道,我们通过采集临床资料观察MPV与膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎的相关性,滑膜炎在膝骨关节炎患者中普遍存在,滑膜炎症反应表现为滑膜细胞增生,其中乳头样增生多见,滑膜间质有淋巴细胞浸润。滑膜炎症反应使关节内滑液产生增多,体积大的血小板更易形成血栓,从而影响关节滑液微循环,导致滑膜积液[17],因此通过MPV检测可间接反应滑膜的炎症程度。在临床化验中MPV是血常规检查中的一项指标,具有采集方便、费用低廉等优点,便于临床观察。
图1 膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组MPV与CRP相关性比较
图2 膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组MPV与ESR相关性比较
图3 膝骨关节炎组MPV与CRP相关性比较
图4 膝骨关节炎组MPV与ESR相关性比较
血小板是从骨髓成熟的巨核细胞胞质裂解脱落下来的具有生物活性的小块胞质,可参与炎症反应的发生、发展,并同时具有免疫调节作用[18]。促血小板生成素和大量炎症因子可调节血小板形成,其中白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)可影响巨核细胞的成熟过程,调控巨核细胞凋亡,增强白介素3(interleukin-3,IL-3)对巨核细胞集落生长的刺激作用。炎症反应促使白介素1(interleukin-1,IL-1),IL-6,肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)增多,Bath等研究发现,过多的炎症介质抑制巨核细胞生成,限制了大体积血小板形成,从骨髓中生成更多体积小的血小板,所以MPV会下降。Gasparyan等[19]研究表明通过抑制血小板活性使血小板致炎作用减弱,可以控制骨关节炎的进展。
通过我们的研究发现,测量并记录膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组、膝骨关节炎组、对照组间的MPV、ESR、CRP水平,发现三组间MPV差异有统计学意义,且膝骨关节炎伴滑膜炎组MVP与CRP、ESR与MPV均呈负相关;膝骨关节炎组、对照组无明显相关性。此结论仍需大量前瞻性研究予以支持,在今后的研究中我们将继续进行。
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Correlation between mMean Platelet Volume and Synovitis Associated with Knee Osteoarthritis
Su Ke,Li Longjie,Wang Jun
(Department of Orthopedics,Cangzhou Central Hospital,Cangzhou 061001,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of mean platelet volume(MPV) in patients with synovitis associated with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsFrom July 2011 to June 2014,173 patients diagnosed with synovitis associated to osteoarthritis,189 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 177 patients between the same age range who did not have joint complaints(control group),totally 539 participants,were included in our study.MPV,sedimentation(ESR),CRP values were evaluated accorded to the Kellgren-Lawrence scoring and Ayral synovitis scoring.The normal distribution and homogeneity of each parameter was tested and analysis of variance was used to determine differences in all groups.Pearson correlation coefficient was used for binary correlations.ResultsWe found a significant difference between the patient group with synovitis associated with osteoarthritis of knee and patients with knee osteoarthritis in MPV blood level(P<0.05),similarly a significant difference was found between the patient group with synovitis associated with osteoarthritis of knee and the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the knee osteoarthritis patient group and the control group(P=0.939).According to the Pearson correlation,it was found that there was a negative relationship between MPV and CRP variables in those of patients with synovitis associated with osteoarthritis of knee(r=-0.263,P<0.01),similarly the negative relationship between MPV and ESR in those patients(r=-0.246,P<0.01).Significant relationship was not found between MPV and CRP(P=0.310),MPV and ESR(P=0.598) in patients with the osteoarthritis group.In the control group no correlation was found between MPV-CRP and MPV-ESR.ConclusionMPV levels may be beneficial in osteoarthritis with synovitis patients.MPV levels may be considered as a marker of inflammation but further comprehensive prospective trials are needed in osteoarthritis associated with synovitis patients.
osteoarthritis;synovitis;mean platelet volume;C-reactive protein;erythrocyte sedimentation rate
1008-5572(2016)08-0701-04
R684.3
B
2015-12-15
苏柯(1985- ),男,主治医师,河北省沧州市中心医院关节外科治疗中心,061001。