APP下载

西那卡塞治疗血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的疗效观察

2016-08-15郭健英林海雁

中国医院用药评价与分析 2016年7期
关键词:血钙血液浓度

郭健英,李 彤,林海雁

(深圳市第二人民医院肾内科,广东 深圳 518035)



西那卡塞治疗血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的疗效观察

郭健英*,李彤,林海雁

(深圳市第二人民医院肾内科,广东 深圳518035)

目的:探讨西那卡塞治疗血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的临床效果。方法:选取深圳市第二人民医院收治的血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者110例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各55例。对照组患者接受磷结合剂和维生素D类似物进行常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上加用西那卡塞。观察2组患者甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平、钙浓度、磷浓度、成纤维细胞生长因子-23(FGF23)和骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BSAP)水平。结果:治疗23周时,观察组患者PTH水平、钙浓度、磷浓度、FGF23和BSAP水平均显著下降,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的总有效率为83.6%(46/55),明显高于对照组的54.5%(30/55),差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.89,P=0.001)。2组患者不良反应均较轻微,不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:西那卡塞可降低血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的PTH水平及钙、磷浓度,并可降低患者FGF23和BSAP水平,疗效较好,不良反应发生率较低,值得临床推广。

西那卡塞; 血液透析; 甲状旁腺功能亢进

继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(secondary hyperpara-thyroidism,SHPT)常见于进行血液透析的慢性肾脏疾病患者,临床主要表现为甲状旁腺增生、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、血钙浓度和血磷浓度的持续升高[1-2]。研究结果显示,高水平PTH和高钙、高磷会引起慢性肾脏病骨-矿物质代谢紊乱(chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD)[3-4],显著增加患者心血管事件的发生和全因死亡风险[5-6]。本研究探讨了西那卡塞治疗血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床效果,现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1资料来源

选取2014年1月—2015年1月在深圳市第二人民医院接受血液透析并继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的110例,男性61例,女性49例;年龄45~67岁,平均(58.2±5.0)岁。纳入标准:(1)血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进症的慢性肾脏疾病患者;(2)经彩超检查甲状旁腺尚未有结节形成。采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各55例。观察组患者中,男性33例,女性22例;平均年龄(57.3±4.5)岁;体质量指数(24.0±4.5) kg/m2。对照组患者中,男性28例,女性27例;平均年龄(59.4±5.1)岁;体质量指数(23.1 ± 3.8) kg/m2。2组患者年龄、性别等一般资料相似,具有可比性。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准,所有入选患者均自愿参与并签署知情同意书。

1.2方法

对照组患者应用碳酸镧咀嚼片(英国Hamol Limited公司,批准文号:H20120055),1次500 mg,1日3次;骨化三醇(青岛正大海尔制药有限公司,批准文号:国药准字H20030491),根据患者PTH水平调整用量(PTH 300~500 pg/ml,1次2 μg,1周2次;PTH 500~1 000 pg/ml,1次4 μg,1周2次),共治疗23周。观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上,加用西那卡塞(日本协和发酵麒麟株式会社,批准文号:J20140122),首先是为期16周的剂量优化阶段,从1日30 mg开始,每2周复查1次PTH水平、血钙及血磷浓度,复查结果若未达到控制目标(PTH≤300 pg/ml,血钙<9.5 mg/dl,血磷<5.5 mg/dl),则逐步调整用量至180 mg/d(每次增量调整幅度不超过20 mg),然后维持180 mg/d的剂量继续治疗7周,共治疗23周。

1.3观察指标与疗效评定标准

检测2组患者治疗前后的血清PTH水平、血钙及血磷浓度、成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)和骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BSAP)水平,并观察治疗过程中患者不良反应发生情况。参照相关文献对患者疗效进行评定:显效:PTH下降≥50%;有效:PTH下降30%~50%;无效:PTH下降<30%。总有效率=(显效病例数+有效病例数)/总病例数×100%。

1.4统计学方法

2 结果

2.12组患者治疗前、治疗23周各生化指标水平变化比较

治疗前,2组患者PTH、血钙及血磷水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗23周,观察组患者PTH、血钙及血磷水平较治疗前显著下降,且观察组下降幅度明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1、图1~3。

2.22组患者治疗前、治疗23周FGF23和BSAP水平变化比较

治疗前,2组患者FGF23和BSAP水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗23周,观察组患者FGF23和BSAP水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组降低幅度明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。

2.32组患者临床疗效比较

观察组患者的总有效率为83.6%,对照组为54.5%,2组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。

组别时间PTH/(pg/ml)血钙/(mg/dl)血磷/(mg/dl)观察组(n=55)治疗前506.3±142.59.8±0.75.7±1.5治疗23周263.1±83.49.0±0.65.1±1.4对照组(n=55)治疗前505.7±147.19.7±0.85.7±1.7治疗23周515.3±102.79.8±0.75.6±1.3

图1 2组患者治疗期间PTH水平变化Fig 1 Changes of level of PTH between two groups during treatment

图2 2组患者治疗期间血钙浓度变化Fig 2 Changes of level of calcium concentration between two groups during treatment

图3 2组患者治疗期间血磷浓度变化Fig 3 Changes of level of phosphorus concentration between two groups during treatment

组别时间FGF23/(pg/ml)BSAP/(U/L)观察组(n=55)治疗前735.3±207.6609.4±160.1治疗23周392.2±183.9*#367.0±121.4*#对照组(n=55)治疗前741.5±205.1611.5±162.0治疗23周745.6±206.4609.1±163.4

注:与治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组比较,#P<0.05

Note: vs. before treatment,*P<0.05; vs. the control group,#P<0.05

表3 2组患者临床疗效比较[例(%)]Tab 3 Comparison of clinical efficacy between two groups[cases(%)]

2.42组患者不良反应发生情况比较

2组患者不良反应均较轻微,观察组患者不良反应发生率为23.6%,对照组为10.9%,2组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表4。

表4 2组患者不良反应发生情况比较[例(%)]Tab 4 Comparison of occurrence of adverse drug reactions between two groups[cases(%)]

3 讨论

3.1西那卡塞治疗SHTP的效果

SHTP是由于继发性甲状旁腺增生引起PTH过渡分泌,导致骨-矿物质代谢紊乱及血管和心脏瓣膜等钙化的疾病。西那卡塞是第1个被美国食品药品管理局批准的用于治疗甲状旁腺功能亢进症的钙敏感受体激动剂。研究结果显示,其能有效降低血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的PTH水平,并维持钙磷的动态平衡[8-9]。相关研究结果表明,对于SHPT的治疗应该以及早干预为主,因为对于甲状旁腺结节形成的患者可能需要大剂量长期用药才能达到治疗终点[10-11]。本研究所纳入的患者的甲状旁腺均只出现弥漫性增生,尚未形成结节,PTH水平均值在500 pg/ml左右,治疗后,观察组患者PTH水平、血钙及血磷浓度均较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者出现低钙血症和恶心、呕吐等不良反应的发生率为23.6%,较对照组的10.9%略有升高,但2组的差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。虽然应用西那卡塞并不增加不良反应发生率,且患者的不良反应均较轻微,但建议应用西那卡塞的过程中,定期复查患者血钙浓度等生化指标,以预防严重低钙血症及其他不良反应。

3.2FGF23与CKD-MBD的关系

一般认为FGF23是CKD-MBD患者最早出现变化的指标,早于PTH、血钙及血磷水平的变化,且CKD-MBD患者血清FGF23水平会随着疾病的进展而逐渐升高。研究结果显示,高水平的FGF23与各种心血管疾病及其病死率显著相关,是一个显著的预测心血管事件的指标[12-13]。Kim等[14]研究结果显示,接受西那卡塞治疗的患者,其血清PTH 和FGF23水平及钙磷浓度均显著降低。但是,在这些研究中,西那卡塞并没有降低患者的全因死亡率。本研究中,治疗23周时,观察组患者FGF23水平较治疗前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而使用常规磷结合剂和维生素D类似物治疗的对照组患者,其FGF23水平未出现明显变化。

综上所述,西那卡塞可降低血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的PTH水平及钙磷浓度,还可降低患者FGF23和BSAP水平,效果较好,安全性较高,值得临床推广。但西那卡塞在降低患者病死率及改善骨代谢方面的影响,尚需更多的大样本、多指标的临床试验观察。

[1]Su Y,Zhang Z,Zhang Q,et al.Analgesic efficacy of bilateral super-ficial and deep cervical plexus block in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure[J].Ann Surg Treat Res,2015,89(6): 325-329.

[2]Kang BH, Hwang SY, Kim JY,et al. Predicting postoperative total calcium requirements after parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperpara-thyroidism[J].Korean J Intern Med,2015,30(6): 856-864.

[3]Kurita N,Akizawa T,Fukagawa M,et al.Contribution of dysregul-ated serum magnesium to mortality in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a 3-year cohort study [J].Clin Kidney J,2015,8(6): 744-752.

[4]Yu MA,Yao L,Zhang L,et al.Safety and efficiency of microwave ablation for recurrent and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy: A retrospective pilot study[J].Int J Hyperthermia,2016,32(2):180-186.

[5]Urena-Torres P,Bridges I,Christiano C,et al. Efficacy of cinacalcet with low-dose vitamin D in incident haemodialysis subjects with secondary hyperparathyroidism[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2013,28(5):1241-1254.

[6]El-Shafey EM,Alsahow AE,Alsaran K,et al.Cinacalcet hydro-chloride therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients [J].Ther Apher Dial,2011,15(6):547-555.

[7]Bashir SO,Omer HA,Aamer MA,et al. Tolerance and efficacy of a low dose of the calcimimetic agent cinacalcet in controlling moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients [J].Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl,2015,26(6):1135-1141.

[8]Nagano N,Tsutsui T.Pharmacological characteristics of drugs targ-eted on calcium-sensing receptor.-properties of cinacalcet hydroch-loride as allosteric modulator[J].Clin Calcium,2016,26(6):839-850.

[9]Belozeroff V,Chertow GM,Graham CN,et al.Economic Evaluation of Cinacalcet in the United States:The EVOLVE Trial[J].Value Health,2015,18(8):1079-1087.

[10]Komaba H,Fukagawa M.Cinacalcet and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis[J].Semin Dial,2015,28(6):594-603.

[11]Mingione A,Verdelli C,Terranegra A, et al.Molecular and Clinical Aspects of the Target Therapy with the Calcimimetic Cinacalcet in the Treatment of Parathyroid Tumors[J].Curr Cancer Drug Targets,2015,15(7):563-574.

[12]Kendrick J,Cheung AK,Kaufinan JS,et al.FGF-23 associates with death, cardiovascular events, and initiation of chronic dialysis[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2011,22(10):1913-1922.

[13]Isakova T,Xie H,Yang W,et al.Fibroblast growth factor 23 and risks of mortality and end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease[J].JAMA,2011,305(23):2432-2439.

[14]Kim HJ,Kim H,Shin N,et al.Cinacalcet lowering of serum fibroblast growth factor-23 concentration may be independent from serum Ca,P,PTH and dose of active vitamin D in peritoneal dialysis patients:a randomized controlled study[J].BMC Nephrol,2013(14):112.

Observation on Efficacy of Cinacalcet in Treatment of Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

GUO Jianying, LI Tong, LIN Haiyan

(Dept.of Nephrology, Shenzhen the Second People’s Hospital, Guangdong Shenzhen 518035, China)

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the clinical effects of cinacalcet in treatment of hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: 110 hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism admitted into Shenzhen the Second People’s Hospital were selected to be divided into observation group and control group via the random number table, with 55 cases in each. The control group were treated with phosphate binder and vitamin D analogues, while the observation group additionallyP<0.05). The total effective rate of observation group was 83.6% (46/55), significantly higher than that of control group[54.5(30/55)], with statistically difference(χ2=10.89,P=0.001). The adverse drug reactions in two groups were mild, yet there was no difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cinacalcet can reduce the level of PTH, calcium concentration, phosphorus concentration, level of FGF23 and level of BSAP. The clinical efficacy is significant with low incidence of adverse drug reactions. It is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

cinacalcet based on the control group. The level of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium concentration, phosphorus concentration, level of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and level of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) in two groups were observed. RESAULTS: After treatment of 23 weeks, the level of PTH, calcium concentration, phosphorus concentration, level of FGF23 and level of BSAP decreased, and the data of observation group were lower than control group, with statistically difference (

Cinacalcet; Hemodialysis; Hyperparathyroidism

2016-04-05)

R977

A

1672-2124(2016)07-0918-03

10.14009/j.issn.1672-2124.2016.07.020

*主治医师。研究方向:慢性肾小球肾炎的诊治及血液透析。E-mail:13798280787@163.com

猜你喜欢

血钙血液浓度
神医的烦恼——浓度与配比
血钙正常 可能也需补钙
离子浓度大小的比较方法
围产期奶牛血钙影响因素及其与生产性能关系分析
多彩血液大揭秘
甲状旁腺切除前后维持性血液透析患者血压及血钙变化分析
延龄草多酚分析及其在不同硒浓度下的变化规律
物质的量浓度计算策略
高脂血症性和胆源性急性胰腺炎患者血钙和全段甲状旁腺素的变化及其与病情的相关性
血液透析联合血液灌流与联合血液透析滤过治疗维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒的效果观察