日弦大楼，马德里，西班牙

建筑设计：鲁伊斯-拉雷亚及合伙人建筑事务所Architects: Ruiz-Larrea & Asociados



日弦大楼，马德里，西班牙

建筑设计：鲁伊斯-拉雷亚及合伙人建筑事务所
Architects: Ruiz-Larrea & Asociados

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1 夜景/Night view

太阳统治着空间，改变着城市的规划。

早在2004年IMSM组织的设计竞赛就出现了跨度巨大的L形建筑。这一特殊的体形并没有让建筑利用当地气候条件的优势。因为进深大，无法采用双朝向房间，而L形的布局会带来阴影的问题。另外，只有15％的房间有好的朝向，5％能有对流通风的可能。

新方案的目的是降低建筑的进深，实现双朝向房间。建筑的形体也根据城市周边环境进行了调整，从而以简单又严谨的方式利用了南侧的能量。

从形状上看，弦体的设计与太阳密切相关。建筑整体既是冬季的太阳能集热器，又是夏季的巨型遮阳系统。建筑中采用的围合体系能够灵活配置，并可在不同楼层开启或闭合。

每个房间都有一个温室，让人充分享受莫斯托莱斯的阳光。温室中的空气通过温室效应加热，然后送到朝北最冷的房间去。

与影响建筑造型的生物气候策略相辅相成的，是各种以逐步降低能耗、提高舒适度为目标的主被动式系统。这些互补的系统中包括了太阳能光伏板，而其中最具创新性和相关性的就是地热空调系统，与之相连的是有利于气流的太阳能烟囱系统。所有这些系统组合在一起，以可再生的方式满足了建筑78％的能源需求。□（尚晋 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

总建筑师/Head Architect: César Ruiz-Larrea

项目主管/Director: Antonio Gómez

合作伙伴/Partners: Eduardo A.Prieto， Hernán Bugueño，Elena Pascual， Macario lglesias， Daniel Terzano， Jaime Llosa施工管理/Construction Management: Ruiz-Larrea&Asociados结构计量/Structural Calculation Company: NB -35

设备公司/Facilities Companies: Cundall， Remica

承建商/Builder: UTE Fatecsa-Terratest

建筑面积/Floor Area: 6314.63m2

建成时间/Completion: 2011

摄影/Photos: Angel Baltanás

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2 首层平面/Floor 0 plan

3 轴测/Axonometric

评论

王海松：满布建筑南立面的巨型遮阳系统就像建筑的皮肤，可依据气候的冷暖做出变化，以决定接纳阳光还是拒绝日照。建筑内部建构了神奇、简单的气流调节系统，既可以对进入空调机组的室外空气进行预热（或预冷），也可以利用烟囱效应制造有利于冷暖补偿的空气流动，还可以形成单元内南、北房间之间的空气对流，将南向温室内的热量传递至接受不到日照的北向房间，极具节能潜力。建筑外立面简洁、朴实，仅有数块鲜亮的色块起点缀、活跃构图作用。

刘晨：弧线有凸凹两面，凸的一面进取而张扬，凹的一面谦逊而包容，两种性格相辅相成。在这栋建筑里，季节（冬与夏）、朝向（南与北）、形式（凸与凹）的反差交错出现，经过重新组合、配对，造就了一个辩证统一的有机体。优美的弧线和鲜亮的色彩是它给人的第一印象，如果用心跟它相处，会发现它是一个有生命和情感的建筑，随遇而安，融入天时地利，敞开心扉尽情呼吸。凹面的太阳能光伏板就像随着日光翕动的眼睫。在保证低能耗的情况下把这么大一栋房子造得冬暖夏凉、赏心悦目，实属不易。

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4 外景/Exterior view

Te sun rules the space， the urban planning is modifed to accommodate to the sun.

The competition organized by the IMSM in 2004 foresaw an L-shape building of a large span. This specific geometry did not allow any building disposition with the possibility to work with the climatic conditions in a favorable way since the large span condition forced to work with non-double orientation dwelling sand the L-shaped layout generated troublesome form shadows. Only 15％ of the dwellings would have a proper orientation and 5％ would have the possibility of cross ventilation.

Te proposal was intended to reduce the span of the building allowing double orientation dwellings. Te shape of the building was also modifed in order to integrate in the surrounding urban environment with the intention to take advantage， in a simple and rigorous way， of the energy potential of the south side.

Because of the shape， the Solar Hemicycle follows the Sun. Te envelope is conceived as a large solar collector during winter time and as a huge shading system during summertime. The envelope system implemented in the building enables fexible configurations as well as the possibility to open or close it at different levels.

Each dwelling counts with a solar gallery that allows to take advantage of the sunshine hours of Mostoles. Te air which is confned inside the gallery or the chamber is heated， thanks to the greenhouse effect. Te hot air is conducted to the coldest rooms of the house facing north.

The bioclimatic strategies that configure and shape the building are complemented with different passive and active systems with the intention to progressively reduce energetic consumption and to improve the comfort conditions. Among these complementary systems， which include solar or photovoltaic panels， the most innovative and relevant solution is the geothermal air-conditioning system which is combined with a solar chimneys system that facilitate and favor air circulation. Te combination of all these systems makes possible to cover 78％ of the energy needs of the building through renewable solutions.

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5 冬季地热示意图/Geothermal diagram in winter

6 内景/Interior view

Comments

WANG Haisong: Te south facade is littered with a giant sun shading system， which appears to be the skin of building. It can make changes according to the climatic variation and decide to accept the sunshine or not. Te internal part of the building is equipped with magic but simple fow control system. Te system can preheat or precool the external air that enters the air conditioning units， apply the Chimney Effect to generate air fow that is good for temperature compensation， or form air convection between the southern and northern room inside the units. To deliver the heat in the southward greenhouse to the northward one that can not receive sunshine is of great potential for energy saving. Te facade is simple and unadorned， with only several bright color blocks to embellish and activate the composition.

LIU Chen: An arc has two sides， the convex side being aggressive and the concave one inclusive； the two characters are complementary rather than conficting. In this building， the contrasts of seasons （winter and summer）， orientations （south and north）， and forms （convex and concave） are intertwined， reorganized and coupled together to create a dialectical unity. Its elegant arc and bright colors leave a strong frst impression on the viewer， inspiring one to imagine it as an organic building with vivid emotions， a living being that breathes with nature. Te photovoltaic panels on the concave side are almost like eyelashes blinking to the ever-changing sunshine. Te building is an excellent example in combining low-energy design with physical comfort and visual delight.

Solar Hemicycle， Madrid， Spain， 2011