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汉语“除了”的英语表达法

2016-05-30张明

大东方 2016年8期
关键词:肯定句

张明

摘 要:英语学习过程中常出现“除了……”这类英文表达,如:along with,apart from, as well as,aside from, barring, beyond,but,in addition to,less than, other than,outside, than等。尽管汉语语义易于掌握,但在英语阅读翻译过程中,上面这些英文单词、短语各有其语义极容易混淆。本文通过其在肯定句和否定语义句中的运用对其用法予以论述。

关键词:除了;肯定句;否定语义句

一、apart from/aside from/ beyond /other than/less than/outside用于否定语义的语句,“除了……”不包括在主谓结构所叙述内容之内,实际上就是肯定了“除了……”之后的内容或含有“只有(是)……”之意

(1)Apart from the cold and the latitude, there seems nothing that unusual. 除了寒冷和纬度高以外,似乎没有什么特别之处。

(2)Aside from that wreck of a car, you dont seem to have any possessions. 除了那部破车外,你似乎一无所有。

(3)Aside fromthis use to inflame angry feelings, it is hard to know what it is supposed to mean. 其作用除了是点燃愤怒的情绪,很难说得清楚这究竟意味着什么。

(4)I cant tell you anything beyond what you know already. 除了你已经知道的,我无可奉告。

(5)These people have convinced you that no one could love you but them. 这些人让你深信除了他们没有人爱你。

(6)The early universe is nothing but energy. 早期的宇宙除了能量以外什么也没有。

(7)Theres nothing but abandoned cottages and forest out there. 那里除了荒弃的村舍和树林一无所有。

(8)They brought us nothing but heartache and grief. 除了心痛和伤心他们没给我们带来任何东西。

(9)Nothing but an abandoned car has been found at the bottom of the Delaware River. 除了在特拉华河底发现一辆被丢弃的汽车,什么也没有找到。

(10)I will haveno choice but to launch those missiles. 我除了发射那些导弹别无选择。

(11)I dont see how we can possibly do anything else but go. 除了一走了之,我看不出我们还能做些别的什么。

(12)But it just feels like theres nothing holding us together except the house. 就好像除了这所房子就没有什么东西能把我们聚到一起。

(13)You have no one willing to help you except me. 除了我没有人愿意帮你。

(14)Nobody handles any of the gear in this station except me. 除了我以外,谁也不可以动工作站里的设备。

(15)So you had no choiceexcept to steal weapons from the armory. 所以你除了偷盗军械库就别无选择了。

二、apart from/aside from/ Barring/ but / except/ except for /other than/ with exception of 用于肯定句,其后面的内容即“除了……”不包括在主谓结构叙述的内容之内,实际上是否定了“除了……”的内容

(1)Ive won every colour of medal in this competition, apart from gold. 这个项目除了金牌,我赢得了所有颜色的奖牌。

(2)Apartfromthe smoking and the drinking, I like you very much. 除了抽烟喝酒,我很喜欢你。

(3)They had killed all the terrorists apart from a few hiding in the hills. 除了很少几个躲进了深山,他们消灭了所有的恐怖分子。

(4)It was very quiet, aside from occasional birds chirping. 除了偶尔传来鸟叫声,一切都很安静。

(5)Barring the boss, we all went to the bar. 除了老板以外我们都去了酒吧了。

三、along with / apart from/aside from / besides / beyond / other than / as well as / in addition to / than,大多数情况下用于肯定句意思为“除了……还有……”。“除了……”的内容与主谓结构叙述的内容相一致。实际上相当于”“即……又……”

(1)He believes that the scheme can be financed largely by private investment, along with some contributions from public sources. 他相信除了一些公共捐赠外,这个计划主要是由私人投资资助的。

(2)Science is a core subject, along with mathematics and English, in the National Curriculum for all pupils in schools in Wales and England. 在威尔士和英格兰的国家教学计划中规定,除了数学和英语以外,理科是核心学科。

(3)Apart from working overtime it was mainly the frequent meetings of the local committee. 除了加班工作,主要就是参加当地委员会经常举行的会议了。

(4)Apart from being too large, it just doesnt suit me. 除了太大了,它也不适合我。

(5)As well as decent houses, there were other perks for the workers. 除了这些像样的住房,工人还有其他津贴。

(6)As well as cutting calories, you have to cut your protein intake. 除了减少热量摄入,你还得减少蛋白质的摄入量。

(7)Aside from the fact that you shut down a freeway, you murdered a wild animal. 你除了封闭了高速公路,你还杀死一只野生动物。

(8)Another dream that Tom and I had, aside from wanting to be married and have a family, was we wanted to travel the world together. 除了想结婚成家,汤姆和我还有一个梦想,那就是一起周游世界。

(9)Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. 除了设法改善建筑结构外,地震频发区的人们也许要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作。

(10)There are other dangers here besides the scalding water. 除了滚烫的水之外,还有其他的危险。

四、but“除了……”在肯定句中不在主谓叙述的内容之内,意指“就不是but…后面的内容”

(1) They found all but one exit blocked.他们发现除了一个出口外所有的出口都堵住了。

(3) I think it was anything but play.我认为那绝不是玩耍。

(4) Catherine, you are many things but pure. 凯瑟琳,纯洁和你不沾边。

(5)He has all but driven a spear through Schwartzs heart. 他差一点就直插舒尔茨要害。

作者单位:(天津农学院基础科学学院)

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