不同氮效率小麦品种苗期根系氮代谢及其吸收能力差异分析

熊淑萍，吴克远，王小纯,2，吴懿鑫，杜 盼，马新明

(1.河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协调创新中心/小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室，河南郑州 450002；2.河南农业大学生命科学学院，河南郑州450002)



不同氮效率小麦品种苗期根系氮代谢及其吸收能力差异分析

熊淑萍1，吴克远1，王小纯1,2，吴懿鑫1，杜 盼1，马新明1

(1.河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协调创新中心/小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室，河南郑州 450002；2.河南农业大学生命科学学院，河南郑州450002)

摘要：为了解不同氮效率小麦品种根系氮代谢特征及其吸收能力的差异，明确小麦氮高效利用的生理机制，在水培条件下，研究了氮高效小麦品种漯麦18和氮低效小麦品种西农509的根系氮代谢特征和对吸收的动力学特征。结果表明，漯麦18的根系GS活性、硝酸还原酶活性、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白质含量均高于西农509；而西农509的根系硝态氮和铵态氮含量高于漯麦18；漯麦18根系对吸收的最大吸收速率(Vmax)显著高于西农509；漯麦18根系对的亲和力(以Km的倒数衡量)低于西农509。结果说明，氮高效型小麦品种根系对的吸收能力和同化能力均显著高于氮低效型小麦品种；小麦根系对的吸收和同化是相互促进的关系。

关键词：小麦；根系；氮代谢；吸收动力学特征

1材料与方法

1.1试验材料与设计

利用前期筛选的氮高效小麦品种漯麦18和氮低效小麦品种西农509为试验材料[9]。采用溶液培养的方法于2014年在河南农业大学小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室人工气候室进行。供试种子用75%酒精消毒5 min，1 g·L-1HgCl2消毒10 min；无离子水洗净后浸种24 h，于25 ℃ 培养箱中催芽。幼苗一叶一心时， 用蒸馏水冲洗后取大小均匀一致的幼苗，移到完全营养液中培养。营养液配方为：K2SO40.75×10-3mol·L-1、MgSO40.65×10-3mol·L-1、KCl 0.1×10-3mol·L-1、Ca(NO3)22.0×10-3mol·L-1、KH2PO40.25×10-3mol·L-1、H3BO31×10-6mol·L-1、MnSO41×10-6mol·L-1、CuSO41×10-7mol·L-1、ZnSO41×10-6mol·L-1、 (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 1×10-9mol·L-1、Fe-EDTA 1×10-4mol·L-1。每3 d更换1次营养液，用稀HCl和稀NaOH调节营养液pH在6.5左右，培养温度模拟大田。

1.2.1氮素吸收动力学特征的测定(常规耗竭法[13])

1.2.2氮代谢相关指标测定

1.3数据处理

采用Excle 2010和SPSS 20软件进行数据处理和方差分析，用Origin Lab 9.0作图。

2结果与分析

2.1两个小麦品种苗期氮吸收动力学特征的差异

虽说我国已经实施了很多的发展策略，包括：丝路基金、亚投行等，但就实际情况而言，并未完全覆盖多样化的融资需求。在保障风险控制的前提下，我国金融机构应当积极探索全新的融资模式，不断吸引各项资本的参加，为“一带一路”项目建设奠定基础。与此同时，强化PPP模式的应用，联合民间资本与社会资本，为“一带一路”建设提供资金支持，政府部门应当强化各类形式合作模式的鼓励。

图1　　　两个小麦品种苗期吸收速率

1 NO-3

Fig. uptake rate of two wheat varieties

同一列数值后的不同小写字母表示5%水平差异显著。下同

Values followed by different lower case letters are significant difference at 5% level.The same as table 2

图2　　　两个小麦品种苗期吸收速率

2 NH+4

Fig. uptake rate of two wheat varieties

2.2两个小麦品种根系氮代谢的差异

2.2.1谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的差异

图中不同大、小写字母分别表示在1%、5%水平下差异显著。下同

Different capital and lower case letters mean significant difference at 1% and 5% level.The same as following figures

图3 两个小麦品种苗期在不同氮

处理下根系GS活性的差异

Fig.3Differences of GS activity in root of two

wheat varieties with different N

forms at seedling stage

2.2.2硝酸还原酶活性(NR)的差异

2.2.3游离氨基酸含量的差异

2.2.4可溶性蛋白质含量的差异

图5　　　两个小麦品种苗期在不同氮处理

图6　　　两个小麦品种苗期在不同氮处理

2.2.5硝态氮含量的差异

2.2.6铵态氮含量的差异

图7　　　两个小麦品种苗期在不同氮处理

图8　　　两个小麦品种苗期在不同氮处理

3讨 论

硝酸还原酶是氮代谢过程中的第一种酶，是硝酸盐同化的限速酶，其活性受底物的诱导[18]，本研究中硝态氮培养条件下漯麦18、西农509根系的硝酸还原酶活性显著高于铵态氮处理，与前人研究结论一致。GS参与多种氮素代谢途径的调节，是氮代谢的关键酶[19]。可溶性蛋白在氮素代谢中起着代谢库的作用，可以反映植株氮素代谢的强弱[20]。游离氨基酸是植物体内氮化物的主要存在方式和运输形式[21]。本研究中硝态氮培养条件下漯麦18、西农509根系的GS活性、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白质含量显著低于铵态氮处理；这是由于硝态氮被根系吸收后先被硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶还原成铵态氮后才能被同化、合成氨基酸和蛋白质，而铵态氮被吸收后可直接参与氨基酸和蛋白质的合成。

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Analysis of Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Uptake Characteristic of Wheat Cultivars with Different Nitrogen Efficiency at Seedling Stage

XIONG Shuping1,WU Keyuan1,WANG Xiaochun1,2,WU Yixin1,DU Pan1,MA Xinming1

(1.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;2.College of Life Sciences,Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

Abstract:In order to clarify the physiological mechanisms of higher nitrogen use efficiency of wheat,the difference of nitrogen metabolism in roots and uptake characteristics of wheat cultivars with different nitrogen efficiency were investigated.Under hydroponic conditions,the nitrogen metabolism in roots and uptake kinetics to and of N high efficiency wheat variety Luomai 18 and N low efficiency wheat variety Xinong 509 were studied.The results showed that the GS activity,NR activity,free amino acids concentration and soluble protein concentration in root of Luomai 18 were higher than those of Xinong 509.But the nitrate concentration and ammonium concentration in root of Xinong 509 were higher than those of Luomai 18.The maximum absorption rate(Vmax) to and of Luomai 18 were higher than those of Xinong 509.But the affinity(1/Km) of Xinong 509 was higher than that of Luomai 18.In conclusion,the root absorptive capacity to and and assimilative capacity of Luomai 18 was significantly higher than that of Xinong 509.There is a mutually reinforcing relationship between wheat roots absorption and assimilation to and .

Key words:Wheat; Root; Nitrogen metabolism; Uptake kinetics

中图分类号：S512.1；S311

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1009-1041(2016)03-0325-07

通讯作者：马新明(E-mail：xinmingma@126.com)

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31301281)；河南省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系技术创新团队项目(S2010-01-G04)

收稿日期：2015-10-16修回日期：2015-10-29

网络出版时间：2016-03-01

网络出版地址：http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1359.S.20160301.1338.018.html

第一作者E-mail：shupxiong@163.com