论中学英语连词的用法

刘德英

连词是十大词类的重要内容之一。连词不但表明一种语义关系，还具有连接语言成分的功能，在英语各种词类中，连词数量虽少，却发挥着举足轻重的作用。它在中学英语考试中，属于必考内容。那么，作为毕业班的中学英语教师，怎样作好连词的复习呢？既要做到有针对性，有要做到有全面性。我经过多年的探索和总结，总结出以下一些教学经验和心得，与同仁们共勉。

首先，当然要知道中考中连词考哪些知识点以及这些的用法。总的来说，中学英语的连词考察两大类：（一）并列连词（二）从属连词。

考纲规定中学课本中从七年级到九年级中常见的并列连词及用法如下：1.and “和、又、而”（1） 连接对等关系的词与词、句子与句子，不必译出Im a teacher， and he is a teacher， too. （2）句式：祈使句，+and 句子=If you---， youll---。①Use your head， and youll find a good idea. ②Hurry up， and youll catch the early train.=If you hurry up， youll catch the early train. 2.but：“但是、否则”，表示转折（1） “但是，可是”，but连接的句子习惯省区与前面相同的成分。He finished his homework quite early， but didnt do it very well.（2）Lily likes piano. But Lucy doesnt.（3）He is very old. But he still works very hard.（4）She can speak Japanese and Russian. She cant speak Japanese or Russian. 3.or：“或者”，表选择；“否则”，含转折含义，可用条件句代替（1）Go to see the doctor at once， or your cold may get worse.（2）Hurry up， or youll miss the early train. =If you dont hurry， youll miss the early train. 4.for：因为，标原因 （1）只说明解释而已。而because具有因果关系 I asked him to come here， for I had sth. to tell him.（2）The boy went to sleep soon， for he was tired. 5.so：“因此”，表因果，前句可用because引导的原因状语从句替换 Its raining outside， so I must stay at home. 6.yet：“然而”，表示让步The old teacher is very tired， yet she still works very hard. 7.both---and“两者都---”（1） 连接主语，用动词复数Both he and I are good at playing football.（2）She can both write and speak English very well. 8.not only---but also“不但---而且”，连接主语时，动词用就近原则 Not only you but also your father draws well.注：both---and = not only---but also. 9.either---or或者---或者；不是---就是---（1） You can leave either today or tomorrow.（2）否定句中表示全否定Either you or he isnt right.（3） You can stay either in the garden or in the reading room. 10.neither---nor“既不---也不”（1）连接主语，动词用就近原则 Neither you nor he is right.（2）连表语The rope is either too long too short. 11.nor：用于加强语气，用倒装表示“也不”I dont know him， nor do I know where he comes from.注：not only ---but also；either ---or； neither---nor连接主语时，动词用“就近原则”。

考纲规定中学课本中从七年级到九年级中常见的从属连词及用法如下：1.引导宾语从句的：（1）That：无词义，可省去。My mother told us that the moon is round. （2）Whether：“是否”，用于否定句中。Can you tell me whether you go there or not？（3）If：“是否”，用于肯定句中。I wonder if you will go there. （4）Want：引导动词和介词的宾从。They will be thankful for what you have done. （5）Which：“哪一个”，指物。I dont know which I should choose. 2.引导时间状语从句：（1）When：“当---时候”，当从句中动词是瞬间动词时，无进行时态。The twins were drawing a car when the teacher came in.（2）While/when ：“在---时候/期间”，从句中动词是延续动词时，可用进行时态。I entered the room while /when Miss Gao was talking with my parents.注：when：引导的从句中，动词既可是瞬间动词，也可是延续动词既可用进行时态，也可不用。while：引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，且只能用进行时态。（3）not only--- but also“直到---才”；not在主句中构成否定，until后+ time n. / 时间状语从句The baby didnt cry until his mother came back.（4）After：“在---之后”I went to bed after I finished my homework.注：可用not ---until转化 （5）Since：自从---以来，主句用现在完成时I have lived there for more than 10 years since I left the army.（6）Before：“在---以前”，He had studied English for a year before he came here. Ring me up before you come to my house. 3.引导原因状语从句：because She didnt go there because she was ill. （不用for；as）。4.引导条件状语从句：if；unless = if not“假如”If it doesnt rain， well go to the park. Well go to visit the Great Wall unless it rains tomorrow.5.引导结果状语从句：so---that“太---以致”；too ---to/such --- that 。He is so old that he cant walk fast. =He is too old to walk fast. 6.引导目的状语从句：so that：“以便”Mr. Han speak loudly so that every one can hear clearly. Please speak loudly so that I can hear a little better. 7.引导让步状语从句：though“尽管，虽然”Though he was very tired， he went on working hard. Although he is old， he can walk very fast.注：不能用：though/although---but 8.习惯用法：S.+be+adj.+that+clause.①Im sorry that your watch is broken.②Im afraid that I wont go there. ③Im glad that you come to see me. ④Im sure that he will come back soon.9.引导比较状语从句：（1）More--- than More people came than I expected.（2）As---as与---一样Class one is as large as class Two. 10.引导地点状语从句：where You must go where I told you.

其次，只是对以上知识的整理和归纳是不够的，我有对以上只是精心编写了专项题目给学生训练。基本对每一个连词的用法都编写进去，以做到万无一失。比如：①If you are late， you should make an apology to the teacher ____ in class _____ after class. A. both， and B. either， or C. between， and D. neither， nor ② ______ theyve won the first game， it was rather difficult ______ them to be the winner. A. As， for B. Though， of C. Though， for D. When， for ③I hardly knew anything about it ______ you told me. A. since B. after C. until D. when ④Would you like to go to the concert with me？ -Id love to， ______ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and

第三， 为了应对每个知识点在不同类型的题目中的解决方法，教会学生就同一个知识点不同的题目进行练习。比如：Either you or Tom goes shopping.这个句子，可以设置考察Either …or…的选择题，也可以设置为either …or…连接两个主语时，运用就近原则对谓语动词的单复数进行选定，采用用所给词的适当形式填空这种题目：Either you or Tom _______（go） shopping.还可以设置成改错题：Either you or Tom go shopping.______ ______ 把go 改成goes。

总之，在汉译英时，要注意英语的特点，把合适的连词放在合适的地点，以充分发挥它的粘连功能。课文是否流畅顺达，都离不开连词。连词运用不好，文本要么显得僵直生硬，要么像一盘散沙因此，如果做到了以上几点，我想，你的学生英语成绩会更上一层楼的。