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英语五种基本句型解读及高考链接

2016-05-14田燕妮

中学课程辅导·教学研究 2016年5期
关键词:英语教学

田燕妮

摘要:在教学中,笔者发现有一小部分学生,整天背诵单词,但成绩难以提升。笔者课后和学生交流、讨论,发现英语运用能力的“瓶颈”除了词汇量积累外,就是句子结构不清楚,语法难以掌握。于是,笔者把简单句句型进行讲解、训练,收到的效果甚佳。现将自己平时的教法归纳成文,旨在与同行交流。

关键词:英语教学;基本句型解读;高考链接

中图分类号:G632.0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2016)03-0091

一、五种基本句型

1. (1)S + vi ,vi(不及物动词)后不可以直跟宾语。常见的动词如:arrive, come, live, exist, rise, appear, apologize, happen, work 等。

e.g. The accident happened to the poor old woman yesterday .

e.g. I must apologize for not being able to meet you.

(2)一些Vt.转化为Vi,常用主动表被动。如:wash, sell, lock, wear, write, read等。

e.g. This sweater washes well.

2. S+vt+O,vt(及物动词)后直接接宾语,其宾语常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。常见动词有:enjoy, explain, invent, guess, raise, use, accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, celebrate, discover, educate, equip, supply等。

e.g. I admire him for his success in business.

3. S+V+P,此句型中的动词为Link.Veb,用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般分为两类:

(1)表状态的连系动词,如:be, look, seem, smell, taste, stand, keep, remain, continue, stay等。

e.g. The soup tastes salty.

(2)表转变或结果的联系动词。如:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall, prove等。

e.g. The milk went sour.

4. S+V+OI+OD,OI为间接宾语,是主语接受的对象或行为施予的对象,多由指“sb.”的名词或代词承担。OD为直接宾语,是给予的对象,由表示“sth.”的名词来充当。引导这类双宾语的常见动词:

(1)可改为“to”型的句式:常见的动词有:bring, give, pass, hand, offer, pay, post, promise, return, send, serve, show, teach, tell等。

e.g. She promised a nice gift to me on Christmas Day.

(2)可改为“for”型的句式:常见的动词有:buy, choose, make等。

e.g. My father bought a new bike for me on my birthday.

5. S+V+O+C,这种句型中的“宾语+宾补”通称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用是补充,说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

e.g. Keep the children quiet, please. e.g. I find him a reliable man.

e.g. The boss made him do the work all day. e.g. I have my hair cut.

e.g. We last saw the boy playing near the river bank.

e.g. I always keep my keys in my pocket.

下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的动词不定式做补足语,但是,在被动语态中要加to,它们是:“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——五看(watch,see, notice, look at, observe),三使( have,let,make );二听(hear, listen to );一感觉(feel)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语。

(除let, make),都可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语,此外find,catch,keep,leave,也可用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语。如:

e.g. I hate to see you leave so soon.

e.g. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.

e.g. At that time, I found him crying in the street.

(1)感官动词see, watch ,observe, look at 等词宾语补足语的形式:

e.g. I heard her sing an English song just now.

e.g. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

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