运用自然拼读法进行单词教学的实践与研究
2016-05-14罗兴莹
罗兴莹
摘要:自然拼读法采用音形结合的方式,对学生的英语单词拼读、拼写和记忆有很大的帮助。学生通过自然拼读法的学习和训练,能达到见词能读、听音能写的效果。学生记忆单词的难题迎刃而解,进而对学生的阅读、拼写、学习信心都会产生积极的影响和作用。
关键词:自然拼读法;单词教学;自然拼读;规律中图分类号:G623.31文献标识码:B文章编号:1672-1578(2016)08-0163-011.问题的提出
目前,我县使用的是外研版三年级起点小学英语教材。此教材的编写呈现单词多,无音标的特点。针对这种情况,笔者尝试将自然拼读法运用于单词教学中。
因为在英语中有80%的单词都可以用自然拼读法拼读和拼写出来,可以从根本上帮助孩子们学习和记忆单词,提高英语学习能力。
2.自然拼读法的优势
自然拼读法能够建立字母与发音之间的对应规则,带给学生英语拼写和读音关系的基本规律。通过phonic的学习,学习者可以建立起单词与发音之间的直觉音感,没见过的单词,也能运用自然拼读法准确地读出来。学习者在熟知发音规律后,只要听音就能直觉反应出单词的拼写。自然拼读法能能大大地提高学生的拼读拼写能力,让学生轻松地读、写、记单词,从而轻松地积累词汇。
3.自然拼读法在单词教学中的实践
3.1巧用母语正迁移作用。母语正迁移是指学习者借助于母语的语言规则和思维方式来学习目标语的言语行为。笔者发现汉语和英语在语音方面有不少相似点。如:英语中的辅音/g/、/h/、/k/、/s/、/t/、/z/和汉语拼音g、h、k、s、t、z在发音部位和发音方式上相似度很高,如果能指出英汉的差别在哪里,大多数同学都能够很快掌握。
3.2说说唱唱,感知规律。童谣具有语调优美,节奏明快等特点,深受小学生的喜爱。笔者编写了朗朗上口的字母童谣,配以活泼的动作和节奏明快的音乐,让孩子们在说说唱唱中不知不觉掌握了字母的发音,同时积累了一定的词汇量。下面节选字母童谣一部分为例:A/?/,A/?/,/?/apple,apple,apple. B /b/,B /b/,/b/bird,bird,bird. C/k/,C/k/,/k/cat,cat,cat. D/d/,D/d,/d/dog,dog,dog.….
3.3划分音节,帮助认读。自然拼读规律主要是针对单音节单词的,所以对于多音节的单词来说,要先划分音节,然后再运用自然拼读规律来拼读每个音节。为此,笔者认为教师应当教会学生划分音节的方法。以下是划分音节方法的归纳:1.通常一个元音字母为一个音节,如:cat,dog,sit。2.不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。如:fa'ther,tea'cher。3.两元音字母或元音组合之间有一个辅音字母时,辅音字母归后一音节。如:stu'dent,mo'ther。4.有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母归前一音节,一个归后一音节,如:mon'key,win'dow。5.辅音连缀和发单音的辅音组合作为一个整体来看待,在划分音节的时候不能分开:如:bl,cl,fl,gl,pl,sl,br,cr,dr,fr,gr,pr,tr,ch,ck,sh,th,ph,wh,wr,dr,kn。
3.4在教学实践中总结自然拼读规律。26个字母与44个基本音素之间有着一定的关联。因此运用自然拼读法教学的第一步就是让学生学会26个字母,掌握代表英语的44个基本音。自然拼读法作为一种有效地英语学习方法,是有拼读规则的。经过一年的教学实践与研究,笔者将自然拼读规则总结如下:(归纳的规则参考小学课本)
3.4.1辅音概述。
(1)音形一致单个辅音字母。如:b/b/,d/d/,f/f/,h/h/,j/dз/,k/k/,p/p/,r/r/,t/t/,v/v/w/w/,x/ks/,z/z/。
(2)c规则:c后跟'e,i,y'时发/s/音,如:city,face,cent。C后接a,o,u时,c发/k/音,如:cap,cup,call。
(3)y规则:y在词前读作/j/,如yellow,year,yes。Y在单音节单词词尾发/ai/,如:fly,sky,my。在多音节词尾则发/i/,如:sunny,very,happy。
(4)qu在单词中同时出现,读作/kw/,如:queen,quite。
(5)常见复合辅音组合发音规则:ck/k/,ch/t∫/,sh/∫/,wr/r/,dr/dr/,tr/tr/,kn/n/,th/δ/或/θ/,wh/w/或/h/。
3.4.2元音概述。
(1)元音字母a,e,i,o,u的发音规则可以根据单词的结构来判断读音。在辅元辅+哑e(r音节除外)和辅元结构的单词里元音字母发字母音,如:cake,she,like,nose,cute。在辅元辅和元辅结构的单词里,元音字母则发童谣音(前面介绍的字母童谣),如:apple,bed,big,dog,bus。
(2)两个元音字母在一起,前面一个发长音,后面一个不发音。如:ai,ay发/ei/;ea,ee,ey发/i:/;ie发/ai/,oa,oe,ow发/ɑu/;ui,ue发/ju:/,/u:/。
(3)元音字母后面跟有"r"的叫做r音节,它们在单词里发全新的音,如:ar/a:/,er在单音节里读/?:/,在弱读音节里读/?/,er,ir,ur都读/?:/,or发/?:/。
(4)oo组合在t,k前发短音/u/,还有一个特殊的good,如look,book,cook,foot,good。除此之外,oo组合通常发长音/u:/。
(5)其他常见组合发音:oy,oi/?i/,aw/?:/,ass/a:s/,all/?:l/,ear发/i?/或/ε?/,air/ε?/,igh/ai/,ing/i?/。
在自然拼读法教学中,教师不能直接告诉学生单词的发音。教师应提供大量的实践机会,有意识地培养学生的听音、模仿能力和引导学生自己总结发音规律。
3.5灵活运用补充学习资料辅助教学。为了让自然拼读法的教学更生动、有效,教师可以灵活的运用自然拼读教学资源。在实践自然拼读法的过程中,笔者使用了Jolly Phonic这套儿童英语拼读启蒙课程。该课程通过有趣的故事、科学的游戏、朗朗上口的拼读儿歌等帮助孩子快速掌握英文中44个常用发音,进而发现拼读规律。运用自然拼读补充学习资料辅助教学时,教师应注意:提供的材料要丰富有趣、由浅入深,循序渐进。
3.6多种形式巩固。自然拼读法的教学过程中,教师应设计不同的练习来加深记忆各种拼读规则,以便达到灵活运用的效果。巩固练习的设计要做到:及时,形式多样,保持趣味性。为了能够最大程度地让学生巩固他们所学的自然拼读规则,笔者经常开展"火眼金睛",单词"变脸","异想天开"(即联想记忆法)等小游戏来激发学生的兴趣。为此,笔者还举行了拼读比赛、听写比赛、朗读比赛来集中学习和运用phonics。通过"以赛促学"的方式巩固、提高学生的拼读拼写能力,从而使学生学习英语的积极性得到持续发展。
参考文献:
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[3]聂影.让自然拼读法助力英语单词教学[J].知识窗(教师版),2013,91.English Effective Teaching ——Under New Curriculum Reform宋怡如(广西都安瑶族中学广西都安530700) Abstract:Course reform is the necessary demand in the new situation, which proposes a higher request for teachers. How to adapt to the time better has become the research topic for every teacher. This article aims to explore some specific strategies to improve effectiveness of English teaching through a brief analysis of the inefficient teaching and invalid performance in current English teaching .
Keywords:New Curriculum;English effective teaching中图分类号:G633.4文献标识码:B文章编号:1672-1578(2016)08-0164-011.Introduction
The Background of Research.After researching the English classroom teaching in senior high school, there still exists "low efficiency" phenomenon at English class. The key to solve the issues is studying on effective teaching in system, building effective teaching strategies, guiding students to effectively learn and ultimately achieving optimization of teaching effectiveness.
2. The Empirical Study of English Effective Teaching
Effective teaching is not only a kind of teaching theory, but also a teaching practice. To explore effective teaching strategies of the high school English class under the context of New Curriculum, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the effectiveness teaching, and provide a realistic basis for the construction of the effective teaching strategy under New Curriculum reform in high school English class.
2.1Effective Teaching Strategies of English Teaching.(1)A variety of import and background knowledge input.Using pictures of audiovisual animation import,English game import, language import,physical import, review Import and reading import. (2)Change "focused" to "dispersed"."Concentrate"here means all the words read before class centralized to students, which is not desirable. We should change "centrally presented" into "decentralized presented";"decentralized" should penetrate. (3)Convert the information.Using pair, sort, sub-headings or topic sentences, flowchart and form.
2.2Guidance and Optimization Teaching Strategy.This means students experience and reflect in process, in which teachers give students guidance and help. In addition, teachers should always pay attention to students' learning state to seize every opportunity to optimize students' learning state and improve the efficiency of students' learning.
3. Conclusion
In short, improving the English classroom teaching effectiveness is not easy and quick to achieve. In the face of New Curriculum, there will be a long way for high school English teachers to go. I just write from a cursory level, and make some recommendations on effective teaching strategy for English teachers. Long Way for its repair , I would explore from top to bottom. I believe that as long as the English teachers always maintain "explore, reflect, and passion for innovation for teaching, they will be able to explore the world of their own in the area of effective teaching.Bibliography:
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