过去分词高考热点追踪

肖爱斌

非谓语动词中的过去分词（短语）向来是历届高考语言基础知识命题的一个热点，纵观近三年全国各省市的命题，其中考查过去分词做定语、宾语补足语和状语的考题非常多，尤其侧重考查了过去分词做定语和状语的用法。对于学生而言，掌握过去分词的基本用法对解答此类题目将大有裨益。

一、考查过去分词作定语

考例①【2013陕西】14.The witnesses by the police

just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

A. questioned B. being questioned

C. to be questioned D. having questioned

考例②【2013湖南】29.You can not accept an opinion to you unless it is based on facts.

A. offering B.to offer C.having offered D.offered

【分析】：考例①答案为 A，此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于who wa squestioned by the police just now 一定语从句。考例 ②答案为D，此题也考查过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is offered to you。

过去分词作定语通常分为前置定语和后置定语，一般单个的过去分词放在被修饰名称的前面作前置定语，表示“完成”的动作，同时也含被动之义。

Eg.1.We need another copy of the signed agreement.

2.I placed the frozen bowl over the snakess habitat.

3.The lost child was last seen playing near the East

Lake.

过去分词短语作定语时通常放在被修饰名称后面，充当后置定语。此时过去分词短语在意义上相当于一个被动结构的定语从句。

Eg.1.At present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning are difficult to obtain.（=which are needed for cloning）

2.I bought an ice-cream maker made of stainless steel.（=which is made of stainless steel）

二、考查过去分词作宾语补足语

考例①【2013北京】29.When we saw the road with

snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.

A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked

考例②（2012四川卷）12. Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car .

A.washed B. wash C. washing D.to wash

【分析】考例①答案为D，考例②答案为A，均考查过去分词作宾补的用法，宾语与宾补间存在逻辑上的被动关系或称之为动宾关系。

过去分词充当宾语补足语通常见于基本句型“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中。在这一结构中，过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系或称动宾关系。

接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有：

1.感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，look at，observe，notice，find+宾语+动词过去分词

Eg.（1）I was embarrassed to see our team beaten by a weaker team.

（2）People found the water polluted。

2.使役动词get，have，make，keep，leave

Eg.（1）Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved?

（2）she knows very little English，he finds it difficult

to make himself understood

（3）Dont leave those things undone.

（4）The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.

过去分词短语作宾补也可见于“with+宾语+宾补”这一复合结构中，宾语之间是动宾关系。

Eg.1.With many brightly colored flowers planted

around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden．

2.The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.

三、考查过去分词作状语用法

考例①【2013安徽】32. in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.

A. To found B. Founding

C. Founded D. Having founded.

考例②【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that，when in time，can become bigger ones later on.

A. not treated B. not being treated

C. not to be treated D. not have been treated

【分析】考例①答案为C，此题考查过去分词短语作状语，意义上相当于状语从句Since it was founded in the early 20th century;考例②答案为A，相当于状语从句when they are not treated in time.

过去分词短语作状语时，可表示动作发生的时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，

Eg.1.Seen from the space，the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe . 表示时间

2.Kept in refrigerator，these vegetables will remain fresh.表示条件

3.Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry.表示原因

4.She walked out of the house，followed by her little daughter. 表示伴随情况

5.Beaten by the enemy，he refused to let out the secret表示让步。（作者单位：江西省吉安县第二中学）