强调句学哪些？
2016-04-11安徽省砀山铁路中学王瑾瑾
安徽省砀山铁路中学 王瑾瑾
强调句学哪些？
安徽省砀山铁路中学 王瑾瑾
在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方充分的理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。高中阶段主要学习的强调形式就是强调句了。在人教版必修一第一单元的Reading中我们就见到了强调句 “It was because I haven't been outdoors for so long that I became crazy about everything to do with nature.”这句话是不是让很多同学都很纠结啊？今天我们就来看看强调句都要学习什么。
一、基本结构和用法
用途：强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）
基本结构：It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）...
分析：表示强调的 it在句子中作主句的主语；被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人，that和who都可用。如：
Last night I saw a film in that cinema.昨晚我在那家电影院看电影。
强调主语：It was I that/who saw a film in that cinema last night.
昨晚是我在那家电影院看电影。（是我不是别人）
强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in that cinema last night.
昨晚在那家电影院看的是电影。（是电影不是其他）
强调地点状语：It was in that cinema that I saw a film last night.
昨晚我是在那家电影院看的电影。（是那家电影院不是其他电影院）
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in that cinema.
我是昨晚在那家电影院看的电影。（是昨晚不是其他时间）
另外，还要注意下面几点：
1.在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：
It is I who am a teacher.
2.即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
3.原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用It is...that（who）...；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was...that（who）...。如：
Mary is right.
—It is Mary who is right..
We met him at the school gate
—It was him who we met at the school gate.
4.在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。如：
Did this happen in Beijing？
Was it in Beijing that this happened？
5.特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“疑问词+is（was）it that...？”如：
Where were you born？
—Where was it that you were born？
6.在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when，where，why或how，而要用that。如：
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.
只有当最近我重读他的诗时，我才开始欣赏他们的美。
It was the house that the murder happened.
是在那栋房子发生了谋杀案。
It was because I haven't been outdoors for so long that I became crazy about everything to do with nature.
正是由于我长期无法出门的缘故，我变得对关于一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
It was by doing exercise again and again that he recovered from his illness.
正是通过一再的锻炼他才从疾病中康复。
二、强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
1.强调句的一般疑问句基本句型是：Is/Was+it+that+句子其他成分？
Did he see you in the office just now？
—Was it in the office that he saw you just now？他见你的地方是在办公室吗？
Does he often go to the library？
—Is it to the library that he often goes？他经常去的地方是图书馆吗？
2.强调句的特殊疑问句的基本句型是：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他成分？
When did you first go to the Great Wall？
—When was it that you first went to the Great Wall？
你究竟什么时候第一次去长城的？
Who told you about it？
—Who was it that told you about it？
究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？
Why did you keep silent at the meeting？
—Why was it that you kept silent at the meeting？
你究竟为什么在会上保持沉默？
三、强调句作宾语从句
强调句可以用作宾语从句，此时要注意如果是强调句的一般疑问句作宾语从句，从句中要用陈述语序。
He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.
他告诉他被惩罚正是因为他迟到了。
I really can't remember where it was that I first met the man.
我真的记不清我到底第一次在哪儿遇到那个人了。
四、强调句与not...until的结合
1.在强调not...until结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is（was）not until...that...注意此时原句的not...until要变成not until，that从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如：
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
—It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
直到昨晚12点我父亲才回家。
I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
—It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她拿下墨镜我才意识到她是一个著名的电影明星。
五、强调句与易混句型的区分
1.强调句型和it作主语的主语从句的辨析。
如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is（was）...that（who）...去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整 的句子（这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法）。而It is/was+名词/形容词+that句型中的It is/was...tha是不可去掉的，否则that前的词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，下面这个句子如去掉It is/was...that就不再完整：
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
学生应该穿他们的校服是学校的规定。
It is very clear that he's the tallest in his class.
显而易见，他是他们班最高的。
2．强调句型和it作主语的状语从句的辨析.
我们在学习过程中会遇到下面的句型 It is（was）+时间+_______，这时候空格处到底是不是填that呢？我们只需要把句中的It is（was）...+_______去掉，看看句子是否完整就知道了。
例1 It was when we were returning home_______I realized what a good feeling it was to helped someone in trouble.
去掉It is（was）...+_______之后我们发现句子变成了when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to helped someone in trouble.是完整的，那么这是空格填that。
例2 If you miss this chance，it may be years_______you get another one.
去掉It is（was）...+_______之后我们发现句子变成了If you miss this chance，years you get
another one.是不完整的，在根据句型It may be+一段时间+before...j句型判断，此处填before。
了解完这些之后让我们通过一些练习来掌握强调句的用法吧。
牛刀小试：
1.The teacher punished Jim yesterday because he was late.（请分别强调这句话的主语、宾语、时间状语及原因状语）
2.Did John attend Mary's wedding last Saturday？（变成强调句）
3.Who did you meet in the street yesterday？ （变成强调句）
4.我想知道你究竟为什么迟到。（请用强调句作宾语翻译此句）
5.给下列各句填上适当的词使之完整
It is Mr.Lee that_______（be）going to European for bunnies.
It will be three yesterdays_______he finishes this book.
Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19thcentury_______his musical gift was fully recognized.
Was it in the farm_______he started his research on colon？
参考答案：
1.It was the teacher that/who punished Jim yesterday because he was late.（强调主语）
It was Jim that/who was punished by the teacher yesterday because he was late.（强调宾语）
It was yesterday that the teacher punished Jim yesterday because he was late.（强调时间状语）
It was because Jim was late that the teacher punished him.yesterday.（强调原因状语）
2.Was it John that/who attended Mary's wedding last Saturday？
3.Who was it that you met in the street yesterday？
4.I wonder why it was that you were late.
5.is；before；that；that
