岩景茶室，威海，山东，中国Rockview Tea House,Weihai,Shandong,China,2015

2016-04-11建筑设计建筑事务所ArchitectsTraceArchitectureOffice

世界建筑 2016年3期

关键词：岩壁茶室体量

建筑设计：迹·建筑事务所Architects:Trace Architecture Office

建筑设计：迹·建筑事务所
Architects:Trace Architecture Office

1　内景/Interior view

2　手绘平面/Plan sketch

3　雪景/Exterior view in the snow

与岩石和树木的对话

岩景茶室位于塔山公园，威海市区一处对公众免费开放的自然景观公园。1970-1980年代当地人在塔山上开山劈石留下几处采石场，当地叫石窝子。政府拟将这些荒僻的场地改造为公园景观节点，服务于市民。岩景茶室便位于其中一个石窝子中。

原本连续并被植被覆盖的山坡因为采石挖掘被切削，形成如同断崖式的巨大岩壁。苍劲的岩壁，与周边茂密的刺槐林一起，构成场地中的独特景观，尤其是冬天雪后，如同一幅水墨画卷，极富意境。在这样一个场地里建一个建筑，我感觉最重要的就是保持场地那种所谓“荒”的感觉，“荒”实际上是自然赋予的一种原始而有意趣的意境，却不是人工造景所能替代的。因此，建筑介入场地应该非常地小心，尽可能不破坏这种意境。

建筑选位于场地内地势较为平坦的西南角，设计从平面开始，折线形的建筑轮廓源于场地中的树木以及岩石的自然形态，树与岩石的位置自然地赋予了建筑的平面形态。在剖面上，建筑与场地形成半下沉的关系。设计利用场地高差搭建起联系建筑屋面和场地的坡道，使屋面成为游客观赏岩壁的观景平台。主要的室内空间则隐藏在平台之下，从场地下几步转折的台阶进入。内部空间由几个石头墙形成的体量界定，这6个体量隐藏了所有的结构，使茶室成为完全由墙来界定的无柱空间，内部也各有其用——服务台、储物间、卫生间等，更重要的是，每一个石头体量也是一个门室，当推拉门扇打开藏入门室后，室内与室外的界限消失了，外面的岩壁成为进入室内的框景。而看不到门窗的建筑，还原为如同由几块巨型岩石与屋顶所塑造的洞穴空间，完全融入场地环境当中，带给人一种更加原始而强烈的感受。为避让现状树而形成的两个内庭院穿插于内部空间中，使树木也成为引入建筑内部的景，赋予内外空间更多节奏性的转换。

建筑从远处看，水平向延伸的屋顶平台穿插于树林的竖向线条中，因出挑形成的悬浮感使屋顶与场地产生一种若即若离的轻的意向，消解了材料本身的重，同时让下面石墙变得隐蔽，弱化了建筑的体量感。

看似厚重的建筑实际采用的却是钢结构，这是因为场地本身运输困难，因此采用轻质的和预制装配的建造方式更符合场地条件。特殊设计的浅基础也是为减少对树木和场地的影响。建筑采用了锈蚀钢板与石头两种主要材料，锈蚀钢板的棕色与锈蚀的岁月感很好地呼应了场地中经过多年风蚀的棕红色岩壁。墙体的石头则是在采石场就地取材，直接用场地清理和基础开挖出来的毛石来砌筑的，以一种自然不加修饰的状态与场地对话。木质门扇、自然面石板地面等材料也都是以自然质感意图使建筑融入到场地的自然环境中。（华黎，吴纯华文）

4 推拉门扇可见/Windows visible

5 推拉门扇隐藏/Windows hidden in walls

6.7轴测图/Axonometric drawings

8.9内景/Interior views

Dialogue with Rocks and Trees

The Rockview Tea House is located at Tashan Park,a natural landscape park in Weihai that is open to the public for free.In the 1970s and 1980s,people quarried in Tashan Mountain and left several stone pits,which are called "Shiwozi" in the local area.The local government planned to transform these deserted places into parks to serve for the people.And the location of the project is in one of these stone pits.

Because of the quarrying,the originally continuous and plants-covered hillside is cut into a giant rock that forms a unique landscape at the site together with the surrounding locust forest,which is especially beautiful after winter snows when the landscape is like a delicate inkand-wash painting.To put up a building in such a place,I believe the most important thing is to reserve the sense of "desolation",which in fact is a primitive and charming state endowed by nature and so is impossible to be replaced by artificial works.Therefore,in order to retain this state to the maximum extent,the interference of construction should be managed with extreme care.

11　横剖面/Cross section

The building is at the southwest corner of the site where the landform is relatively flat.Starting from plans,the outline of the building,which is in the form of broken lines,originated from the natural forms of trees and rocks at the place; the position of trees and rocks naturally decides the plan of the building.From the sectional view,the building is half sunk in the site.By using the elevation difference at the site,the design sets up a slope connecting the building roof with the site,through which the roof becomes a viewing deck for tourists to appreciate the rock.The main interior space is hidden under the deck that is accessible via several steps beneath.The interior space is defined by several volumes formed by stonewalls.All of the structural elements are hidden within these six volumes,turning the tea house into a pillar-free space with wall as the definitive factor that divides the space into different functions – service,storeroom,restroom,etc.More importantly,each stone volume is also a chamber.When the sliding doors and windows are opened and hidden into the chambers,the border between interior and exterior spaces disappears,and the rock outside becomes a framed view to the interior space.At the same time,with the doors and windows concealed,the building is reduced to a cave that is constituted by several giant rocks and a roof,making it completely integrated with the surrounding environment and bringing people a strong primitive feeling.In addition,two inner courtyards,which are designed to protect existing trees,interweave with the interior space,introducing trees into the interior view and providing more rhythms for the changes between interior and exterior spaces.

Seen from afar,the horizontally extending roof interweaves with the vertical lines of the woods.The sense of suspension generated from the rising structure creates an aloof "lightness" between the roof and the site,which alleviates the heaviness of the material used; meanwhile,the stonewall underneath is concealed,which weakens the massy sense of the building.

Heavy in appearance,the building in fact is constructed with steel; because it is difficult to transport heavy materials to the site,light and precast structures are more suitable for this project.The specially designed shallow base also reflects the intention of reducing the impact on the trees and surrounding environment.By using rusted steel plates and stones as the primary materials,a sense of time is created via the brown rust on the steel plates,which corresponds to the brownish red rock that has experienced years of wind erosion at the site.The wall stones were obtained from local quarries.These quarry stones from site cleaning and base excavation respond to the surrounding environment in a natural,undecorated way.Moreover,the choosing of materials such as wooden doors and stone pavements also stresses their natural quality,so as to integrate the building with the natural environment at the site.(Text by HUA Li,WU Chunhua)