阅读理解七选五满分攻略

山东 逄琳琳

阅读理解七选五满分攻略

山东 逄琳琳

对七选五型阅读理解的认识，很多考生感觉要比常规阅读理解难以突破得多。因为很多时候，填错一处地方，可能会导致多处选项连环出错。事实上，七选五题型注重考查考生对篇章的整体理解，对上下文逻辑和语境的把握。考生在做题时如果多从这些方面去思考和分析，对备考将会有极大的帮助。该题型的设题分主题句设题和段内逻辑关系设题两种，本文就这两种题目类型提出有针对性的解题方法，帮助考生突破七选五阅读障碍，争取拿到满分。

一、主题句题目选择

1.要点式主题句选择

一般来讲，七选五阅读理解的体裁多是说明文和议论文，从形式上又可分为列要点和不列要点两种。2015年全国卷I中的七选五就是列要点文章而卷Ⅱ则是不列要点文章。拿过一篇文章，要先看是哪种文章。列要点文章多数有3～4个要点，再加前文和结语。通常情况下，要点题有1～2个，做这类题目，一定要先观察不设空的其他要点的句式结构，因为为保持文章的整齐，思维的清晰，多数作者在要点处都会选择同样的句式。要点式主题句题往往是七选五题目中最为简单的题目，可先做出选择，以减轻其他题目的选择压力。

【考例】（节选自2016届广东省高三英语第一次摸底四校联考试卷）

Knowing Yourself

What are your interests? Abilities? Skills?_17_The results may surprise you! These can be useful，but theyr’e not the last word.

Investigating

Investigating occupations is much more difficult. For most people，there isn’t just one “right” job，but several that could be satisfying._18_Talk to people who have occupations that interest you. Find out what they like and dislike about their job.

_1___9

Many people choose their careers because they believe strongly in a particular cause. Some might choose to work in areas like medicine，charity or environmental protection. Some have a strong interest in history or a love for the arts. _20_So in cases like these，the field is often chosen first，rather than the occupation itself. So if you’ve chosen a field，self-assessment will help you find your place in it. Invest some time and effort，and find the right career for you.

A. Try a self-assessment quiz.

B. Search through books and web sites.

C. Finding your place.

D. But it can also bring a lot of uncertainty and confusion.

E. Serious research helps narrow the possibilities.

F. Research your chosen field carefully. What work needs to be done? What training is needed?

G. Then they might think about education，museums or art production.

【分析及对策】观察上文第19题，此空是一处要点题，且单独存在于一段落。观察上文两处要点，句式都是doing开头，据此可从选项中找到有相同句式的C项。但不能因此就马上做决定，要结合下文意思看是否是说找到自己的正确位置的，才能确定选C项。

2.非要点式主题句选择

但是也有许多文章不是以要点列举的形式呈现的，即便是以要点形式呈现也可能未采用相同的句式，考生带着选项回看文章会发现无相同句式可以查找比对。这种情况也不是无从入手，因为这类题目多数位于段首，是一段落的主题句所在的位置。做题时只需领悟本段大意，分析好本段主题即可轻松做对。

【考例】（节选自2015全国卷I）

●_38_Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

●_39_If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankfulfor all of the good in your life._40_Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

【分析及对策】观察上文三段内容，可发现第38、39题和第三段的第一句都是段首句。就第三段而言，每段段首句都是本段的主题句。结合第一段的主题是说明信任自己的好处，所以第38题应选A.Learn to really trust yourself。第二段是说受害人和带着受害人的心态生活是不一样的，主题应是鼓励人们不要把自己当牺牲品，故第39题应选C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim。

二、段内逻辑关系题选择

1.意义联系题

除主题句选择外，七选五阅读中另一类题目是考查考生是否对上下文的逻辑关系有一个好的把握。这类试题大概有三种。第一种是意义联系题。比如上文提到两个名词，下文进行解释，结果还没说第一点，直接就绕到第二点上面去了，这时就需要根据前面的线索，理清前面那条讲的是什么。

【考例】（节选自2015～2016山东省菏泽市高三英语一模试卷）

Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active._37_Others take a more proactive（积极主动的） approach，viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.

A. Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a film.

B. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home.

C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.

D. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.

E. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task.

F. With strong determination，you will be able to achieve your goal.

G. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle.

【分析及对策】分析上文第37题，此空出现在两句中间，其后一句的主语是“others”。一般前面出现“some+n.”时后面常跟着出现others，所以找选项时可有目的地向这个方向靠拢。此题在选项中找到“some people”作主语的E项，又结合文意可知，是用E项和后句进行对比，说明消极和积极的态度，故选E项。

2.关联词题

第二种是关联词题。作者在论述一种观点时，采用了举例子、正反对比论证等多种论述方法，这时可能就会出现各种关联词，如for example，however，therefore，but，also，besides 等。这些有特殊意义的关联词可能出现在设题中，也可能出现在设题的前句和后句中。做题时如能反复读题，深刻挖掘这些关联词的内涵，往往会有出其不意的效果。

【考例】（节选自2016届湖南省岳阳市第一中学高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷）

◆Making your life more interesting.

Think about some stressful situation that we consciously put ourselves in to make life more interesting and enjoyable，like asking someone out on a first date，conquering a known fear，or learning something new. These may not immediately come to mind when you think of stress because of the positive outcomes._40_

A. You need a healthy immune system to help fight off diseases.

B. But handled properly，stress can have many benefits for the body and mind.

C. Helping you get an advantage at work.

D. That’s one way your brain responds to stress.

E. This will happen whenever you are stressed.

F. But they’re the types that can help you achieve fulfillment and happiness.

G. Helping you get through difficult times.

【分析及对策】分析上文中第40题前面的内容，“may not immediately”值得引起注意，因为从语气上看，它的后句很容易引起转折。观察选项可发现有两个以“But”开头的选项，所以根据本段主旨“让你做一些略有压力的事，虽然不能立即有好的效果，但最终你会收获成功”可知，应选F项。

3.特殊词汇题

第三种是特殊词汇题。在设题空白处的前后往往出现特别意义的词，我们称之为线索词，例如本段内重复出现的关键词，同义词和近义词，代词（they，this，that，these，those）等。如果抓住这些线索词，善加利用，考生的选择也会事半功倍。

【考例】（节选自2014全国卷I）

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. _36_By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

【分析及对策】第36题后有一个代词“them”，指代上文当中的一个具体的名词。根据下文句意可知，其不可指代上文中的“the jobs”。在这种情况下，36题中必须含有一个下文中“them”指代的合适的词。结合下文的“帮助孩子发展传统技能”和本文中心可知，孩子应是“them”指代的内容。此时会有ACD三个选项选择，又结合上下文语境可知，D项最合适。

综上，七选五阅读并非我们想象的那般可怕。考生只要在做题过程中认真审题，始终牢记任何一个段落都服从于文章主旨，任何段内句子都服从于本段主旨，注重从整体上把握文章脉络，梳理篇章逻辑和段内逻辑关系，那么这道题一定会做得不错。另外，要特别注重本文中提到的各种题型的不同做法，对提到的各种特殊词汇要具备足够的敏感度，做完后能够整体阅读文章来确认是否通顺，那么这道题拿满分还是非常有把握的。

（作者单位：山东省高密市第三中学）