中国赤车属新分类
2016-03-21王文采
王文采
(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京100093 )
中国赤车属新分类
王文采
(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京100093 )
摘要:( 1)根据该文中赤车属与楼梯草属各种形态学的区别,认为赤车属较为原始,在楼梯草属之前自冷水花属衍生而出。( 2)将赤车属划分为5组;将C.B.Robinson描述的Elatostemoides属降为组级群,作为赤车属中接近原始群全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides的一个组处理,此外还描述了一个与sect.Elatostemoides近缘的1新组,羽脉赤车组sect.Leiolaena,并根据叶、叶的脉序、雌花序、雌花被片和瘦果等器官的演化趋势给出显示赤车属属下诸群间亲缘关系的系统发育树。( 3)对中国赤车属的属下分类群进行了修订,共承认32种1亚种7变种,给出检索表、描述及多幅插图,并将它们划分为4组、2亚组和9系,其中除sect.Leiolaena之外,还新描述了2亚组、5系、2种和3变种;在2003年被归并为同物异名的长柄赤车、曲毛赤车、波缘赤车、小赤车和富宁赤车的种级地位得到恢复。此外,还写出了中国赤车属的分类学简史和地理分布。
关键词:荨麻科,赤车属,分类学修订,中国
王文采.中国赤车属新分类[J].广西植物,2016,36( 1) : 1-29
WANG WT.Nova classification specierum sinensium Pellioniae ( Urticaceae)[J].Guihaia,2016,36( 1) : 1-29
Nova classification specierum sinensium Pellioniae( Urticaceae)
WANG Wen-Tsai
( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China )
Abstract:( 1) According to the various morphological differences between the two genera,Pellionia and Elatostema,enumerated in the present paper,the genus Pellionis is considered more primitive and to be derived from the genus Pilea before the genus Elatostema.( 2) The genus Pellionia is subdivided into five sections.The genus Elatostemoides described by C.B.Robinson is relegated to sectional rank and treated as a section under Pellionia near its primitive group,sect.Pileoides.Besides,a new section related to sect.Elatostemoides,sect.Leiolaena,is described.On the basis of the evolutionary trends of the leaves,leaf nervation,pistillate inflorescences,pistillate tepals and achenes a putative phylogenetic tree showing the relationships among the infrageneric groups of the genus Pellionia is provided.( 3) The infrageneric taxa of Pellionia in China are revised.Thirty-two species,one subspecies and seven varieties are recognized.They are keyed,described and in most cases illutrated,and are classified into four sections,two subsections,and nine series.Of them,except for sect.Leiolaena just mentioned above,two subsections,five series,two species and three varieties are described as new.The specific statuses of Pellionia tsoongii,P.crispulihirtella,P.subundulata,P.minima and P.funingensis,which were reduced into synonymy in 2003,are reinstated here.Besides,the brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the genus Pillionia in China are given. Carex sect. Infossae S. W. Su was recently described from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of East China,
Key words:Urticaceae,Pellionia,taxonomic revision,China Carex sect. Infossae,scanning electron microscopy,morphological character,new synonym,China
1 植物分类学简史
1790年,葡萄牙植物学家J.Loureiro在其编著的“Flora Cochinchinensis”中根据分布于我国和中南半岛的Polychroa repens Lour.建立了荨麻科新属Polychroa Lour.,遗憾的是此新属自当时一直到20世纪初都遭到国际植物学界的忽视,最后竟沦为一同物异名( synonym,见下)。1830年,法国植物学家C.Gaudichaud-Beaupré建立了荨麻科新属Pellionia Gaudich.(赤车属),其命名模式为P.elatostemoides Gaudich.( Hutchinson,1967),此属名在19世纪中得到广泛接受和应用,因此被列入1905年《国际植物学命名法规》规定建立的nomina generica conservanda(保留属名)名录中,因此比其早40年发表的Polychroa成为其同物异名。
1861年,英国植物学家G.Bentham在其编著的“Flora Hongkongensis”中描述了赤车属2新种: Pellionia scabra Benth.和P.brevifolia Benth.。1868年,另一英国植物学家H.F.Hance根据C.F.M.Grijs采自福建的一号标本描述了赤车属又1新种Pellionia grijsii Hance。1869年,瑞士荨麻科专家H.A.Weddell编写出当时的世界荨麻科植物志,此志中的冷水花族trib.Procrideae包括Pilea,Pellionia,Lecanthus,Procris和Elatostema等属。此后,Baillon( 1872),Bentham&Hooker( 1880),Engler ( 1893)和Hutchinson( 1967)等学者的有关荨麻科的著作中均接受了Weddell的trib.Procrideae的内容; 在Pellionia属,Weddell收载了分布于印度、中国、日本和东南亚以及大洋洲一些岛屿的15种。1896年,德国植物学家H.Hallier不承认Pellionia和Procris的属级地位,将此二属降级作为Elatostema属的二亚属处理。1886-1905年,英国植物学家F.B.Forbes&W.B.Hemsley主要根据收藏于英国邱皇家植物园标本馆的中国标本,编著了中国植物名录; 1899年,C.H.Wright承担了其中的荨麻科部分,在Pellionia属中,记录了7种,其中包括根据湖北和四川标本描述的新种Pellionia viridis C.H.Wright,和根据A.Henry采自云南蒙自的4号标本鉴定的P.griffithiana Wedd.。1910年,菲律宾荨麻科专家C.B.Robinson根据菲律宾、加里曼丹(原知Borneo)等地区原置于Pellionia或Elatostema二属的10余种建立了新属Elatostemoides C.B.Robinson; 1935年,德国植物学家H.Schröter将此新属降级作为Elatostema的一个亚属;本文中,我将其作为Pellionia的一个组处理(见下)。1916年,日本植物学家B.Hayata描述了中国台湾赤车属新种P.arisanensis Hayata; 1925年,又一日本植物学家Y.Yamamoto描述了中国台湾赤车属P.chikushiensis Yamam.和P.keitaoensis Yamam.等新植物。1922年,美国植物学家E.D.Merrill根据钟观光教授采自广西东兴的一号标本描述了新种Polychroa tsoongii Merr.,他了解到Pellionia被列入保留属名的名录中后,于1928年将此种名和Polychroa repens Lour.一同转移到Pellionia中。1929年,奥地利植物学家H.Handel-Mazzetti记录了中国Pellionia属6种,他接受Hallier的观点,将Pellionia归并于Elatostema,在此6种中,他拟出一新名Elatostema henryanum Hand.-Mazz.以代替E.griffithianum ( Wedd.) Hall.f.( Pellionia griffithiana Wedd.),并根据他在越南北部与云南河口交界的Laogai采集的一号标本和A.Henry在云南采集的二号标本描述了后者的一新变种E.henryanum var.oligodontum Hand.-Mazz.; 1936年,H.Schröter将此变种升至种级,并拟出新名Elatostema paucidentatum H.Schröter; 1963年,钱崇澍教授在编写《海南植物志》荨麻科的过程中将此种从Elatostema转移到Pellionia属中。
1935-1936年,德国植物学家H.Schröter发表了他编著的Elatostema属专著的前两部分。他接受Hallier的观点,将Pellionia作为Elatostema的一个亚属,同时将Elatostemoides C.B.Robinson也降级作为Elatostema的另一个亚属。他的概念的Elatostema属包括以下4亚属:
Subgen.1.Pellionia( Gaudich.) Hall.f.退化叶常存在。雄、雌花序均无花序托。雄花序多有长梗,为稀疏的聚伞花序,稀为团伞花序。雌花序无梗或有梗,为团伞花序,稀为疏散的聚伞花序。苞片小,不包住花序。雄花和雌花均为( 4) 5基数。雌花被片与子房等长,常具长角状突起。瘦果有瘤状突起。
Subgen.2.Elatostemoides ( C.B.Robinson) H.Schröter退化叶、雄、雌花序的特征同上亚属。雄花和雌花均5基数。雌花被片与子房等长,具肋或具突起,但不具长角状突起。瘦果多光滑。
Subgen.3.Weddellia H.Schröter退化叶存在。雄、雌花序均具花序托,雄花序多无梗,雌花序无梗。苞片宽,将花序多少包住。雄花5基数。雌花3( 4)基数。雌花被片强烈退化,极小。瘦果具纵肋。
Subgen.4.Euelatostema Baillon退化叶不存在( E.surculosum等少数种例外)。雄、雌花序均具花序托,最发育的呈盘状。苞片宽,多少包住花序。雄花( 4) 5基数。雌花多为3基数。雌花被片极退化,或完全消失。瘦果通常具纵肋。
其专著的第一部分( 1935)讨论了Elatostema属植物的叶、花序、花等器官的形态特征和地理分布,第二部分( 1936)是前3个亚属的专著。subgen.Pellionia,收载55种(包括我国2新种: Elatostema yunnanense H.Schröter和E.incisoserratum H.Schröter,及前述的新名E.paucidentatum H.Schröter),subgen.Elatostemoides,收载45种,subgen.Weddellia,收载6种。对每一亚属均给出德文的分种检索表,每种都给出重要文献、拉丁文形态描述、标本引证以及与近缘种有关亲缘关系的讨论。对每亚属未给出正式的亚属下分类,只将sugen.Elatostemoides根据雄花序具梗与否等特征将此亚属的植物划分为3群: rostratum-Gruppe,vittatum-Gruppe和Weinlandii-Gruppe。此外,subgen.Pellionia,具三出脉的原始种Elatostema latifolium,E.tsonngii和E.heyneanum被放在此亚属55种中开始的位置,这种情况似乎说明H.Schröter注意到了这几个种较低的演化水平。subgen.Pellionia和subgen.Elatoatemtoides的内容加在一起实际上就是Pellionia属的专著,这为Pellionia属今后的研究提供了重要的基本资料。
1980年,我编著了我国赤车属的第一个修订,将当时鉴定的17种划分为3组、4系,其中包括4新种: Pellionia acutidentata W.T.Wang,P.retrohispida W.T.Wang,P.subundulata和具雌头状花序的P.cephaloidea W.T.Wang; 1错误鉴定:将2 号P.griffithiana Wedd.的标本误定位P.heteroloba Wedd.。在赤车属中雌头状花序的出现说明Pellionia和Elatostema两个近缘属存在平行演化现象。到1995年,我负责编写的中国赤车属志中的种数增至24种,被划分为3组、6系,增加的7种是Pellionia longipedunculata W.T.Wang,P.funingense W.T.Wang,P.crispulihirtella W.T.Wang,P.macrophylla W.T.Wang,P.caulialata S.Y.Liou,P.leiocarpa W.T.Wang和P.brachyceras W.T.Wang。2003年,英文版“Flora of China”的Pellionia属志由Lin et al承担编写,共收载20种,未进行属下分类,但种的排列次序与《中国植物志》赤车属的种排列次序相同。这里赤车属的种数变少,是作者对7个种名和3个变种名进行了归并的缘故。这些种的归并,有的正确,有的错误[如将具雌头状花序的P.cephaloidea W.T.Wang归并于P.scabra Benth.(王文采,2011)]。近年来,又有赤车属数新种发现,由于种数的增加和错误归并需进行改正,我决定编写本文,即我国赤车属的第4次修订。
2 赤车属与楼梯草属的区别
赤车属和楼梯草属在亲缘关系上极为相近,具有相同的体态和雄花构造,大概由于这些相似性,一些植物学家如H.Hallier( 1896),H.Handel-Matzetti ( 1929),H.Schröter( 1935-1936)和I.Friis( 1993)认为此二属实为一属,应将Pellionia归并于Elatostema。但另一方面,如上节所述,不少植物学家则主张承认二属,因此有必要再将二属的不同特征列出来加以考虑。
2.1赤车属
雄、雌花序均为聚伞花序,雄聚伞花序多少稀疏分枝,而雌聚散花序分枝短、密集,雌花序具短梗或无梗、极为密集,因此H.Schröter称雌聚散花序为团伞花序。2种(特产湖南的Pellionia cephaloidea W.T.Wang和特产印度东北部的P.ambigua Wedd.),雌花序具花序托(可能由花序密集短分枝发生愈合而成),在花序托边缘有总苞,如上所述,这是赤车属和楼梯草属二近缘属的一种平行演化现象。雌花的花被片5枚,稀4或3枚,比子房稍长或近等长,无任何突起或在背面顶端之下有短或长的角状突起。瘦果具瘤状突起或光滑,稀具短线纹,或具短线纹和小瘤状突起,或具纵肋和小瘤状突起(本文首次发现,见种32头序赤车P.cephaloidea)(在荨麻科的其他属如荨麻属Urtica、艾麻属Laportea、蝎子草属Girardinia和冷水花属Pilea,瘦果均具瘤状突起或光滑)。
2.2楼梯草属
雌花序均为头状花序,具花序托和总苞。绝大多数种雄花序和雌花序一样为头状花序,只在此属原始群疏伞楼梯草组sect.Pellioioides的12种(特产我国西南部和南部)为分枝的聚伞花序。雌花的花被片强烈退化,通常不存在,存在时通常为2-3枚,稀4-5枚,极小,比子房短,无任何突起(有2例外,特产云南东南部的五被楼梯草Elatostema quinquetepalum W.T.Wang和长被楼梯草E.longitepalum W.T.Wang的雌花被片呈狭条形,长度超过子房)。瘦果多数种(包括sect.Pellionioides的12种)具纵肋和具纵肋小瘤状突起,少数种具瘤状突起,具短线纹或光滑。值得注意的是具纵肋及具纵肋小瘤状突起两种类型的瘦果原知是楼梯草属所独有的,现在头序赤车P.cephaloidea也发现了具纵肋和小瘤状突起的瘦果,这是Pellionia和Elatostema二近缘属的又一个平行演化现象。
据上述二属的区别特征,可见赤车属保留了较多的原始特征,如与冷水花属相似的聚伞花序,雌花被片和瘤状突起或光滑的瘦果。楼梯草属则出现了较多的进化特征,如头状花序,强烈退化的雌花被片,具纵肋及具纵肋小瘤状突起的瘦果。由此可以推测赤车属Pellionia和楼梯草属Elatostema虽然都源于冷水花属Pilea,在起源时间上楼梯草属可能在较近时间出现,而赤车属可能早于楼梯草属自冷水花属演化而出,并走上了一条与后者不同的演化路线(王文采,1980,2014)。
3 属下分类
根据叶的脉序类型,退化叶的存在与否,雌花序类型,雌花被片和瘦果的形态特征,可将赤车属植物划分为下列5组:
组1.全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides W.T.Wang叶具长柄或稍长柄,具全缘边缘,具三出脉,叶狭侧的侧生基出脉向上直展达近叶顶端处。退化叶存在。雌花序聚伞状。雌花的花被片5枚,在背面无任何突起或顶端之下具短突起,瘦果具瘤状突起。
4种,我国有2种。
组2.喙尖赤车组sect.Elatostemoides ( C.B.Robinson) W.T.Wang叶具短柄或无柄,具有齿边缘,具三出脉或半离基三出脉,叶狭侧的侧生基生脉向上直达近叶顶端处。退化叶通常存在,稀不存在。雌花序聚伞状。雌花的花被片5枚,在背面无任何突起或顶端之下有短突起。瘦果通常光滑。
45种,我国无此组植物。
组3.赤车组sect.Pellionia叶具短柄或无柄,通常具有齿边缘,具半离基三出脉(叶狭侧的侧生基出脉向上伸展达或稍超过叶中部),稀具羽状脉。退化叶存在或不存在(我国此组的种多无退化叶)。雌花序聚伞状。雌花的花被片5枚,稀4或3枚,通常其中( 1-) 2-3枚较大,成条状船形,并在背面顶端之下具长角状突起。瘦果具瘤状突起,稀具短线纹(大叶赤车P.macrophylla)。
约62种。我国有22种,根据雌花被片、退化叶、托叶、脉序和瘦果的特征被划分为2亚组,5系。
组4.羽脉赤车组sect.Leiolaena W.T.Wang叶具短柄或无柄,具有齿边缘,具羽状脉。退化叶通常不存在。雌花序聚伞状。雌花的花被片5枚,稀4或3枚,在背面通常无任何突起,稀具短突起。瘦果光滑或具小瘤状突起,稀具短线纹和小瘤状突起。
8种。我国有7种,据瘦果类型被划分为3系。
组5.头序赤车组sect.Elatostematopsis W.T.Wang叶无柄或有极短柄,具有齿边缘,具三出脉或半离基三出脉,叶狭侧的侧生基出脉向上伸展稍超过叶中部。退化叶存在或不存在。雌花序头状,具盘状花序托和总苞。雌花的花被片5枚,近等大,无任何突起或背面顶端之下具短突起。瘦果具瘤状突起或具纵肋和小瘤状突起。
2种,我国有1种。
从上述组、系的划分可以观察到赤车属有关形态特征的演化趋势: ( 1)叶对生,同一对叶中的一枚正常发育,另一枚强烈退化成一小叶片→退化叶消失,叶变为互生; ( 2)叶柄:长→短→不存在; ( 3)叶的脉序:三出脉→半离基三出脉→羽状脉; ( 4)托叶:狭卵形、三角形、披针形→钻形; ( 5)雌花序:聚伞花序→头状花序; ( 6)雌花被片:近等大,背面无任何突起→背面顶端之下有短突起→( 1-) 2-3枚较大,背面顶端之下有长角状突起; ( 7)瘦果:具瘤状突起或光滑→具短线纹→具短线纹和小瘤状突起→具纵肋和小瘤状突起。
根据上述有关形态特征的演化趋势,可见在赤车属的5个组中,全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides具有较多的与冷水花属相似的原始特征,如叶具较长叶柄,具三出脉,退化叶存在,雌花序聚伞状,雌花被片无任何突起或背面有短突起,瘦果具瘤状突起等。因此,可以推测全缘赤车组是赤车属的原始群,其他组可能均由其演化而出,赤车属的系统发育可能如图1所示。
4 地理分布
图1 赤车属的系统发育Fig.1 Phylogeny of Pellioniae
赤车属约有120种,广泛分布于亚洲南部和东南部和大洋洲西南部岛屿的热带地区以及亚洲东部亚热带地区。我国约有32种,1亚种,7变种(其中有16特有种,6特有变种),广泛分布自云南和华南向北达长江中下游各省,多数种约30种集中分布于云南东南部和广西。各省、区的统计:云南有21种1亚种2变种;广西有20种1亚种3变种;湖南有8 种;广东和江西均有6种1变种;福建有6种;四川有5种1变种;贵州有5种;重庆、湖北、安徽和浙江各有4种;台湾有3种;江苏和甘肃各有2种。分组叙述如下:
组1.全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides本组有4种。其中Pellionia latifolia( Bl.) Boerl.分布于缅甸东南部、中南半岛、马来半岛以及印度尼西亚的苏门答腊、爪哇等岛屿。全缘赤车P.heyneana分布于印度南部、斯里兰卡、柬埔寨和我国的云南南部、广西西北部。长柄赤车P.tsoongii分布于我国(云南南部、广西和海南)、柬埔寨和越南。第4种P.machaerophylla( Hall.f.) Boerl.特产印度尼亚苏门答腊岛。
组2.喙尖赤车组sect.Elatostemoides本组有45种,分布于东南亚热带岛屿和大洋洲西南部岛屿,分布较广的只有1种,P.rostrata ( Hall.f.) Boerl.,分布于印度尼西亚的明打威群岛、苏门答腊、爪哇、马鲁古群岛等岛屿,其他种多为狭域分布,在加里曼丹(过去称Borneo)有22种,菲律宾有10种,苏拉威西岛(过去称Celebes)和新几内亚岛各有2种,新几内亚岛和所罗门岛共有2种,苏门答腊、所罗门岛和斐济各有1特有种。
组3.赤车组sect.Pellionia本组约有60种,分布自印度北部向东经缅甸、我国达日本,再自中南半岛向南达爪哇岛,向东南经菲律宾达大洋洲西南部的新几内亚岛和所罗门岛。分布较广的种不多,其中的南亚赤车Pellionia griffithiana自印度东北部向东分布达我国南部(云南、广西、广东)和中南半岛、向南达爪哇。异被赤车P.heteroloba自印度北部和东北部向东北布部达我国西南部(云南、贵州、湖南、四川、重庆)和中南半岛。吐烟花P.repens分布自缅甸向东达中南半岛和我国(云南南部、广西和海南),向南经马来半岛达苏门答腊和爪哇。蔓赤车P.scabra自越南北部、我国云南东南部和华南向北达长江流域中、下游地区,再向东达朝鲜和日本。赤车P.radicans var.radicans的分布与蔓赤车相似,只是其分布区西北部没有达到甘肃南部;其大叶变种var.grandis分布于越南北部和我国云南东南部和广西一带。短叶赤车P.brevifolia和小赤车P.minima的分布与蔓赤车和赤车的分布颇为相似,自广西、广东分布达长江中、下游地区,再向东达日本,但二者的分布区均较小,向南没有分布到越南北部,向东未达中国台湾岛,此外,在分布区中的种群分布稀疏,数目较少。本组的狭域分布种较多:新几内亚有16种,加里曼丹岛有9种,中国有9种,菲律宾有4种,所罗门岛有3种,马来半岛有2种,越南、日本、斐济各有1种。
我国此组有22种5变种。云南有18种2变种(包括5特有种:富宁赤车P.funingensis,尖齿赤车P.acutidentata,三被赤车P.tritepala,灰被赤车P.calcifera和云南赤车P.yunnanensis) ;广西有10 种3变种(包括1特有种:长梗赤车P.longipedunculata) ;湖南有7种;海南和江西各有6种1变种;福建有6种;广东和四川各有5种1变种;贵州有5 种;重庆、湖北和安徽各有4种;台湾有3种;江苏南部和甘肃南部各有2种。
组4.羽脉赤车组sect.Leiolaena本组有8种。我国有7种,分布于云南东南部、广西和广东北部。其中广西和广东北部共有2种(羽脉赤车Pellionia incisoserrata和两广赤车P.ronganensis),云南东南部和广西,以及越南北部共有1种(光果赤车P.leiocarpa),其他4种均特产广西(龙州赤车P.longzhouensis和柔毛赤车P.mollissima均特产龙州,东兰赤车P.donglanensis特产东兰,短角赤车P.brachyceras特产广西西北部的隆林)。第8种,P.procridioides Gagnep.特产越南北部。
组5.头序赤车组sect.Elatostematopsis本组有2种,我国有1种,头序赤车Pellionia cephaloidea,特产湖南衡山。另1种,P.ambigua Wedd.特产印度东北部( Weddell,1869; Hooker,1888)。
赤车属的原始群全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides的4种中有3种( P.latifolia,P.heyneana和P.tsoongii)分布于云南高原南部和中南半岛中部和北部一带。另一方面则可以看到楼梯草属Elatostema的原始群疏伞楼梯草组sect.Pellionioides的多数种(如短梗楼梯草E.brevipedunculatum,硬毛楼梯草E.hirtellum,三岐楼梯草E.trichotomum,多岐楼梯草E.polystachyoides,钝齿楼梯草E.obtusidentatum,角萼楼梯草E.subtrichotomum var.corniculatum,长圆楼梯草E.oblongifolium,微齿楼梯草E.microdontum——王文采,2014)分布于云南西部和东南部、广西西部一带,与上述赤车属三原始种的分布区邻近或重迭。从上述二原始群植物的分布情况可以推测Pellionia和Elatostema二属可能起源于云南高原南部一带,Pellionia沿着三条迁移路线扩展其分布区,向西沿喜马拉雅走廊达印度、斯里兰卡,向南经马来半岛达到东南亚及大洋洲西南部热带岛屿,向东则到达日本一带。(王文采,1992)
5 分类学处理
赤车属
PellioniaGaudich.in Freyc.Voy.Bot.494,t.119.1830,nom.gen.cons.; Wedd.in Arch.Mus.Hist.Nat.Paris 9 : 282.1856; et in DC.Prodr.16( 1) : 165.1869; Baill.Hist.Pl.3: 524.1872; Benth.&Hook.f.Gen.Pl.3( 1) : 385.1880; Engler in Engler&Prantl,Nat.Pflanzentam.3 ( 1) : 108.1893; Hutch.Gen.Flow.Pl.2: 184.1967.——Elatostema Forster subgen.Pellionia ( Gaudich.) Hall.f.in Ann.Jard.Bot.Bruitenz.13: 303.1896; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 1) : 2.1935; ( 2) : 1,17.1936.Type: P.elatostemoides Gaudich。
Polychroa Lour.Fl.Cochinch.559.1790.Type: P.repens Lour.
草本或亚灌木。叶二列,两侧不相等,狭侧向上,宽侧向下,具三出脉、半离基三出脉或羽状脉,通常具钟乳体,托叶2;退化叶小,存在或不存在。花序单性,雌雄同株或异株;雄花序为聚伞花序,通常具长梗并多少稀疏分枝;雌花序通常为聚伞花序,由于分枝短而密集,多少呈球形,具密集的苞片和雌花,稀为头状花序。雄花:花被片( 4-) 5;雄蕊( 4-) 5;退化雄蕊小或不存在。雌花:花被片( 3-4-) 5,通常比子房长,披针形,长圆形或条形,平或船形,无或有角状突起;退化雄蕊小,与花被片同数;子房椭圆球形,柱头画笔头状。瘦果具瘤状突起或光滑,稀具短线纹,具短线纹和小瘤状突起,或具纵肋和小瘤状突起。
约有120种,分布于亚洲热带和亚热带地区和大洋洲西南部岛屿。我国约有32种(包括16特有种),1亚种,7变种,自云南和华南向北达长江中、下游地区广布。
分种检索表
1.Pistillate inflorescences cymose,very densely multi-flowered,lacking receptacles and involucres; achenes ellipsoid or ovoid,tuberuculate or smooth,rarely lineolate or lineolate and minutely tuberculate.
2.Leaves long or slightly long petiolate,entire,trinerved,with lateral basal nerve at leaf narrow side extending upwards nearly to leaf apex; reduced leaves present; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,lacking any projections or abaxially below apex shortly corniculate; achenes tuberculate (组1.全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides).
3.Leaf blades 5-15×3-7.4 cm,base obliquely rounded,at leaf broad side inconspicuously auriculate,cystoliths 0.2-0.4 mm long; petioles 0.5-2 cm long; staminate cymes 1.5-3.5 cm long,with peduncles 5.5-12 cm long……………1.全缘赤车P.heyneana
3.Leaf blades larger,12.5-20×5.8-11 cm,base asymmetrical,at leaf broad side with auricles 0.8-2.7 cm long,cystoliths 0.5-0.7 mm long; petioles 4-19 cm long; staminate cymes 3-4 cm broad,with peduncles 3.2-10 cm long……………2.长柄赤车P.tsoongii
4.Leaf blades abaxially on nerves and petioles puberulous……………………………………………2a.模式亚种ssp.tsoongii
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4.Leaf blades abaxially and petioles glabrous……………………………………………………2b.无毛长柄赤车ssp.subglabra
2.Leaves shortly petiolate or sessile,usually with dentate margins,semi-triplinerved or penninerved,with the lateral basal nerve at leaf narrow side extending upwards nearly to or slightly surpassing the leaf middle.
5.Pistillate tepals lacking any projections,or abaxially below apex shortly cornitulate.
6.Leaves semi-striplinerved; reduced leaves present; normal leaves with blades obovate or elliptic,1.8-7×1.2-3.7 cm,apex obtuse,rounded or slightly acute,margin crenate or undulate; stipules triangular,4-8×2-5 mm; staminate cymes 0.6-3 cm broad,with peduncles 2-11 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5; achenes tuberculate (组2.赤车组,吐烟花亚组sect.Pellioniasubsect.Repentes)…………………………………………………………………………………………3.吐烟花P.repens
6.Leaves penninerved(组3.羽脉赤车组sect.Leiolaena ).
7.Achenes not smooth; pistillate tepals lacking any projections; reduced leaves absent.
9.Leaf blades elliptic or long elliptic,4-10×1.6-3.2 cm,denticulate,apex acuminate or long acuminate,with 6-10 pairs of secondary nerves; stipules subulote,2 mm long; staminate cymes 1.6-2.8 cm broad,with peduncles 1.5-2.5 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5……………………………………………………………………………25.羽脉赤车P.incisoserrata
9.Leaf blades long elliptic,oblanceolate or lanceolate,1.5-10×0.5-2.6 cm,denticulate,apex long acuminate or cuspidate; stipules linear or subulate,1-10 mm long; staminate cymes 2 cm broad,with peduncles up to 2.4 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 4 or 5………………………………………………………………………………………………26.两广赤车P.ronganensis
8.Achenes longitudinally lineolate and minutely tuberculate; stems above and leaf blades on both surfaces densely puberulous; leaf blades larger,oblanceolate,13-17×2-4.8 cm,denticulate,apex long acuminate,secondary nerves ca.5 pairs,with the lowest ones much longer than the upper ones; stipules narrowly lanceolate or linear,9-11.5×2-2.8 mm; pistillate flower’s tepals 5(系4.柔毛赤车系ser.Mollissimae)……………………………………………………………………31.柔毛赤车P.mollissima
7.Achenes smooth.
10.Reduced leaves present,0.6-1.5 cm long; stems and leaves glabrous; normal leave’s blade oblong,0.5-8×1-2 cm,denticulate,apex long acuminate,secondary nerves 4-8 pairs; stipuls subulate,1.8-2.8 mm long; staminate cymes ca.5 mm broad,with peduncles 1-1.5 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,abaxially below apex with short projections(系2.光果赤车系ser.Leiocarpae)………………………………………………………………………………………………27.光果赤车P.leiocarpa
10.Reduced leaves absent(系3.短角赤车系ser.Brachycerates).
11.Stem branches and leaves abaxially puberulous; leaf blades long elliptic,up to 5 cm long,denticulate,apex acuminate,secondary nerves 5-6 pairs; stipules subulate,2.5-3.5 mm long; staminate cymes 3-8 mm broad,with peduncles 0.7-1.2 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,abaxially pilose and below apex shortly corniculate…………………………28.短角赤车P.brachyceras
11.Stems and leaves glabrous; leaf blades long elliptic,up to 7-8 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 3-4,glabrous,lacking any projections.
12.Leaf blades 2.6-7×0.9-2.4 cm,apex long acuminate,secondary nerves 6-8 pairs; stipules subulate,1.5-2.2 mm long; pistillate cymes ca.2.2 mm in diam.,2-3 times branched,ca.7-flowered,with peduncles 0.2 mm long; pistillate flower shortly pedicellate,with 3-4 tepals; achenes ellipsoid,0.9 mm long………………………………29.龙州赤车P.longzhouensis
12.Leaf blades 4-8×1.8-2.6 cm,apex long acuminate,secondary nerves 4-5 at leaf narrow side and 6-7 at broad side; stipules subulate,1.8-3 mm long,pistillate cymes sessile,ca.2.5 mm in diam.,with very short branches,densely multi-flowered; pistillate flower sessile,with 3 tepals; achenes unknown……………………………………30.东兰赤车P.donglanensis
5.Pistillate flower’s tepals( 3-) 4-5,of them( 1-) 2-3 larger,linear-navicular,abaxially below apex long corniculate(组2.赤车组,赤车亚组sect.Pellionia subsect.Radicantes).
13.Leaves semi-triplinerved; achenes tuberculate.
14.Reduced leaves present; stems prostrate,densely retrorse-hirsute( hairs 1-2.2 mm long) and densely brown-puncticulate; leaf blades obovate,1.2-3.2×0.7-1.7 cm,crenate,apex rounded-obtuse,secondary nerves 1 at leaf narrow side and 2 at broad side; stipules ovate or lanceolate,up to 2-2.5×1 mm; pistillate cymes subglobose,ca.2.5 mm in diam.,densely multi-flowered; pistillate flower’s tepals 5; achenes long ellipsoid,ca.0.8 mm long(系1.婆婆纳赤车系ser.Veronicoides)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………4.婆婆纳赤车P.veronicoides
14.Reduced leaves absent(系2.赤车系ser.Radicantes).
15.Leaf blades with peltate base,oblong,5-15×1.6-5 cm,crenate or subentire,glabrous,apex long acuminate; stipules subulate,ca.3.5 mm long; stems glabrous; staminate cymes 0.8-2.2 cm long,with pednucles 0.5-1.8 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5………………………………………………………………………………………………………7.绿赤车P.viridis
16.Leaf base symmetrical……………………………………………………………………………7a.模式变种var.viridis
16.Leaf base asymmetrical,obtuse at leaf narrow side,auriculate at broad side…………7b.斜基绿赤车var.basiinaequalis
15.Leaf base not peltate.
17.Stipules lanceolate or triangular,1-3 mm broad; stems with dense hairs.
18.Leaf blades narrowly ovate,10-13×2.8-3.5 cm,crenate,apex long acuminate; stipules broadly lanceolate,11×3 mm; staminate cymes ca.1.4 cm broad,with peduncles 12 cm long……………………………………5.长梗赤车P.longipedunculata
18.Leaf blades elliptic,3.5-7.5×1.1-3.3 cm,denticulate,apex acute or shortly acuminate; stipules triangular,3.2-6.5×1-1.8 mm; staminate cymes 0.8-1.5 cm broad,with peduncles 1-5.5 cm long……………………6.曲毛赤车P.retrohispida
17.Stipules smaller,subulate,0.1-0.3 mm broad.
19.Stems glabrous or very shortly puberulous,with hairs ca.0.1 mm long.
20.Leaf blades 0.9-2×0.4-1.4 cm,broadly elliptic,broadly obovate or suborbicular,apex obtuse or rounded; stipules subulate,1-2 mm long; staminate cymes 0.8-2 cm long,with peduncles 0.5-1.4 cm long; pistillate tepals usualy glabrous…………………………………………………………………………………………………18.小赤车P.minima
20.Leaf blades larger,up to 5-15 cm long,apex acute,acuminate,or caudate.
21.Apical leaves narrowly lanceolate or sublinear,margins undulate…… 12b.狭叶赤车P.subundulata var.angustifolia
21.Apical leaves ovate,elliptic,or oblong.
22.Leaf margin undulate or obtusely crenate.
23.Leaf blades elliptic,1-8×0.6-3.5 cm,apex acute,rarely shortly acuminate,with secondary nerves 2 at leaf narrow side and 3 at broad side; stipules subulate,0.8-1×0.1 mm; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,glabrous……………………………………………………………………………………………12a.波缘赤车P.subundulata var.subundulata
23.Leaf blades larger,long elliptic or narrowly obovate,5-15.5×2-6.5 cm,apex cuspidate or acuminate,with secondary nerves 2-3 at leaf narrow side and 4-6 at broad side; stipules larger,subulate,3.5-7 mm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,with sparse short hairs…………………………………………19a.滇南赤车P.paucidentata var.paucidentata
22.Leaf margin acutely dentate or denticulate.
24.Leaf blades with cystoliths 0.4-0.7 mm long,conspicuous on adaxial and abaxial surfaces………………………………………………………………………19b.海南赤车P.paucidentata var.hainanica
24.Leaf blades with cystoliths 0.1-0.4 mm long,conspicuous only on adaxial surface.
25.Stems below repent ……………………………………………………………………………13.赤车P.radicans
26.Leaf blades( 1.2-) 2.4-5(-8)×0.9-2(-2.7) cm,ovate or lanceolate,denticulate,apex shortly to long acuminate,secondary nerves 2-3 at leaf narrow side and 3-4 at broad side; stipules subulate,1-4.2×0.2 mm; staminate cymes 1-5(-8) cm long,with peduncles 0.4-3.5(-7) cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5… 13a.模式变种var.radicans
26.Leaf blades larger,up to 9-13×3.5-5 cm………………………………………………13b.长茎赤车var.grandis
25.Stems erect,glabrous,rarely with hairs ca.0.1 mm long,usually simple; leaf blades glabrous,obliquely elliptic,ovate or oblong,( 2.5-) 5-10(-14)×( 1.2) 2-4 cm,denticulate,apex acuminate or long acuminate,secondary nerves 1-3 at leaf narrow side and 3-4 at broad side; stipules subulate 1-3 mm long; staminate cymes 1-3.5 cm broad,with peduncles 1-8 cm long………………………………………………………………………14.异被赤车P.heteroloba
19.Stems with hairs( 0.2-) 0.3-1 mm long.
27.Leaf blades 0.5-3.2×0.4-2 cm,elliptic or obovate,denticulate,apex obtuse or rounded; stipules subulate,1.2-2 mm long; staminate cymes 0.8-1.5 cm broad,with peduncles 0.8-4 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,with spare short hairs……………………………………………………………………………………………17.短叶赤车P.brevifolia
27.Leaf blades larger,up to 4.5-10 cm long,apex acute,acuminate or cuspidate.
28.Leaf apex acuminate,caudate or cuspidate.
29.Subshrubs with ramose stems; leaf blades oblanceolate or narrowly oblong,3.2-8.5×( 0.7) 1.3-3.2 cm,denticulate,apex acuminate or cuspidate; stipules subulate,1.5-3 mm long; staminate cymes up to 4.5 cm long,with peduncles 0.3-3.6 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 4-5,glabrous………………………………………………………8.蔓赤车P.scabra
29.Peremial herbs with usually simple stems; pistillate tepals pilose.
30.Stems densely retrorse-strigillose; leaf blades elliptic,3-7.4×1.2-3 cm,acutely denticulate,apex acuminate; stipules subulate,ca.3 mm long; staminate cymes 3 cm long,with peduncles 8 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5………………………………………………………………………………………………9.富宁赤车P.funingensis
30.Stems sparsely spreading-puberulous; leaf blades larger,5-15.5×2-6.5 cm,obtusely crenate; pistillate flower’s tepals 4-5…………………………………………………………………19a.滇南赤车P.paucidentata var.paucidentata
28.Leaf apex acute or shortly acuminate.
31.Stems encrusted by dense minute lumps of whitish lime,and leaves adaxially and abaxially encrusted by a thin layer of lime; staminate cymes singly borne on leafless nodes of lower part of branch,sessile,2.5-4 mm in diam.; staminate flowers tetramerous; leaf blades elliptic,2.4-7×1.4-3.5 cm,crenate,apex acute or shortly acuminate…………………………………………………………………………………………………………16.灰被赤车P.calcifera
31.Stems and leaves without lime; staminate cymes pedunculate; staminate flowers pentamerous.
32.Stems dark-brown-puncticulate and puberulous; pistillate flower’s tepals 3,glabrous,all abaxially below apex usually long corniculate; leaf blades elliptic,or obovate,2.5-5.5×1.5-2.5 cm,dentitulate,apex acute or shortly acuminate; stipules subulate,1-2.5 mm long………………………………………………………15.三被赤车P.tritepala
32.Stems not puncticulate; pistillate flower’s tepals 4-5,of them 2 larger,linear-navicular,abiaxially below apex long
corniculate.
33.Stems densely retrorse-strigillose,with hairs white,straight,0.4-0.8 mm long; leaf blades elliptic,0.5-5.6×0.9-2 cm,acutely dentate,apex acute or shortly acuminate; stipules subulate,1-2 mm long; staminate cymes 0.5-1.2 cm broad,with peduncles 0.8-2.2 cm long; pistillate flowers tepals 5,pilose…………10.尖齿赤车P.acutidentata
33.Stems densely hirtellous,with hairs fulvous,curved,0.15-0.4 mm long; leaf blades ovate or elliptic,2.8-4.5×2-3.4 cm,crenate,apex acute; stipules subulate,ca.6 mm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 4-5,glabrous or pilose………………………………………………………………………………………11.硬毛赤车P.crispulihirtella
13.Leaves penninerved.
34.Achenes tuberculate.
35.Stems longitudinally winged; reduced leaves prescent; leaf blades broadly ovate,elliptic or obovate,8-18×4.4-8.3 cm,undulate-crenate,apex acuminate,secondary nerves 5-8 pairs; stipules narrowly triangular,6-9×1.5-2 mm; pistillate flower’s tepals 5(系3.翅茎赤车系ser.Caulialatae)……………………………………………………20.翅茎赤车P.caulialata
35.Stems not winged; reduced leaves abscent(系4.南亚赤车系ser.Griffithianae).
36.Stems densely hispid,with hairs 0.5-2 mm long,spreading or retrorse; cystoliths of leaves absent or present,puncticulate; leaf blads long elliptic or oblong-oblanceolate,6-14(-18)×2.4-5(-6) cm,crenate,apex long acuminate,secondary nerves ca.5 pairs; stipules subulate,4 mm long; staminate cymes 0.5-5.5 cm broad,with peduncles 1-8 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,pilose…………………………………………………………………………………22.华南赤车P.grijsii
36.Stems glabrous,strigillose,sparsely puberulous or villous; leave’s cystoliths either absent or present,bacilliform.
37.Leaves lacking cystoliths; stems glabrous or near apex sparsely puberulous; leaf blades oblanceolate,5.5-12.5×1.8-3.5 cm,dentate,apex cuspidate,secondary nerves 6-7 pairs; stipules subulate,4-6 mm long; staminate cymes 1-2 cm broad,with peduncles 0.7-1.5 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 4,glabrous……………23.云南赤车P.yunnanensis
37.Leaves with bacilliform cystoliths.
38.Leaf apex cuspidate,with cusps narrowly linear and entire; pistillate tepals glabrous… 23.云南赤车P.yunnanensis
38.Leaf apex acuminate or long acuminate; pistillate tepals pilose.
39.Leaf base obliquely broadly cuneate………………………………19a.滇南赤车P.paucidentata var.paucidentata
39.Leaf base obtuse at leaf narrow side and auriculate at broad side; leaf blades oblong or narrowly obovate,6-15×2-6 cm,denticulate,apex acuminate or long acuminate; staminate cymes 1-3 cm broad,with peduncles 2-8 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,pilose…………………………………………………………………21.滇南赤车P.griffithiana
40.Stems densely brownish-strigillose,with hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long; leaf blades abaxially on nerves strigose,secondary nerves 5-6 at leaf narrow side and 6-8 at broad side; stipules narrowly triangular-linear,5.5-12×0.7-1.2 mm………………………………………………………………………………………21a.模式变种var.giriffithiana
40.Stems not densely brownish-strigillose; stipules smaller,subulate,2-4×0.1-0.2mm.
41.Stems glabrous; leaf blades abaxially glabrous,secondary nerves 4 at leaf narrow side and 5-6 at broad side……………………………………………………………………………21b.无毛茎南亚赤车var.glabricaulis
41.Stems hairy.
42.Stems with sparse white long hairs( 0.5-) 1-2 mm long; leaf blades abaxially glabrous,secondary herves 3-4 at leaf narrow side and 4-6 at broad side……………………………………………21c.疏毛南亚赤车var.laxivillosa
42.Stems only near apex with retrorse,white hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long; leaf blades abaxially sparsely puberulous,secondary nerves ca.4 pairs………………………………………………………………21d.少脉南亚赤车var.paucinervis
34.Achenes lineolate; leaf blades obovate-oblong or long elliptic,14-25×5-8.2 cm,crenate,apex acuminate,secondary nerves 9-12 at leaf narrow side and 10-14 at broad side; stipules lanceolate-linear or subulate,6-9×0.5-0.6 mm; staminate cymes 1.5-3 cm broad,with peduncles 1.6-4.6 cm long; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,glabrous(系5.大叶赤车系ser.Macrophyllae)………………………………………………………………………………………………………24.大叶赤车P.macropohylla
1.Pistillate inflorescences capitate,with receptacles and involucres; achenes globose,longitudinally 5-ribbed and minutely tuberculate; stems ramose,branches puberulous; leaf blades long elliptic,up to 2.5×0.9 cm,denticulate,trinerved or semi-triplinerved,apex cuspidate; pistillate flower’s tepals 5,all abaxially below apex shortly corniculate(组4.头序赤车组sect.Elatostematopsis)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………32.头序赤车P.cephaloidea
组1.全缘赤车组sect.Pileoides W.T.Wang in Wedd。
Leaves long or slightly long petiolate,with entire margins,trinerved with the lateral basal nerve at leaf narrow side extending upwards nearly to leaf apex.Reduced leaves present.Pistillate inflorescences cymose. Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 50.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 163.1995; Yahara in J.Fac.Sci.Univ.Tokyo.Sect.3,Bot.13( 4) : 484.1984; X.W.Li in F.Yunnan.7: 241.1997.Type: P.heyneanaPistillate flower’s tepals 5,abaxially lacking any projections or below apex shortly corniculate.Achenes tuberculate.
图2 A-B.全缘赤车 A.叶; B.宿存雌花被和瘦果(据王启无77557)。C-E.长柄赤车 C.叶; D.宿存雌花被; E.瘦果(据C.I.Lei 1028)。F-H.吐烟花 F.叶; G.宿存雌花被; H.瘦果(据王启无78046)。I-K.婆婆纳赤车 I.二叶; J.宿存雌花被和瘦果; K.瘦果(据王启无88690)。L-N.曲毛赤车 L.叶; M.宿存雌花被; N.瘦果(据邵青,段林东70)。O-Q.绿赤车 O.叶及雌聚伞花序; P.雌花和苞片; Q.雄花(仿王文采,1995)。Fig.2 A-B.Pellionia heyneana A.Leaf; B.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from C.W.Wang 77557).C-E.P.tsoongii ssp.tsoongii C.Leaf; D.Persistent pistillate perianth; E.Achene( from C.I.Lei 1028).F-H.P.repens F.Leaf,G.Persistent perianth; H.A-chene( from C.W.Wang 78046).I-K.P.veronicoides I.Two leaves; J.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene; K.Achene( from C.W.Wang 88690).L-N.P.retrohispida L.Leaf; M.Persistent perianth; N.Achene( from Q.Shao&L.D.Duan 70).O-Q.P.viridis var.viridis O.Leaf and pistillate cyme; P.Pistillate flower and bract; Q.Staminate flower( after Wang,1995).
4种,我国有2种。
1.全缘赤车图2: A-B
Pellionia heyneana Wedd.in Arch.Mus.Hist.Nat.Paris 9: 287,332,t.5,1856; et in DC.Prodr.16( 1) : 169.1869 ; Hook f.Fl.Brit.Ind.5: 561.1888; Gagnep.In Lecomte,Fl.Gén.Indo-Chin.5: 900.1929; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 50,1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23 ( 2) : 164,pl.36: 5-6.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 241,pl.61: 1-6,1997; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 123.2003; H.N.Qin&Y.Liu,Checklist Vasc.Pl.Guangxi 237.2010.——Procris heyneana Wall.Cat.N.7272.1828,nom.nud.——Elatostema heyneanum ( Wedd.) Hall.f.in Ann.Jard.Bot.Bruitenz.13: 316.1896; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 2) : 22.1936.Holotype: India Kanara,Wallich 7272( K.non vidi).Fig.2: A-B
分布:我国云南南部和东南部、广西北部;柬埔寨;印度南部;斯里兰卡。
标本登录*:云南景洪,王启无77557;马关,中苏考察团3271,3273;河口,中苏考察团2386。广西天峨,北京队891355。
2.长柄赤车图2: C-E
Pellionia tsoongii ( Merr.) Merr.In Lingnan Sci.J.6 ( 4) : 325.1928; Fl.Hainan.2: 405.1965; Iconogr.Corm.Sin.1: 513,fig.1025.1972; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 51.1980; in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 164,pl.36: 4.1995,p.p.; et in Fl.Guangxi 2: 844.2005; Y.Z.Ruan in Pl.Guangdong 6: 78.2005——Polychroa tsoongii Merr.in Philip.J.Sci.21.493.1922.——Elatostema tsoongii ( Merr.) H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 2) : 21.1936.Isotype:广西东兴,1918-06-22,钟观光1870( PE)。Fig.2: C-E
P.cristulata Gagnep.in Bull.Soc.Bot.France 75: 920.1928; et in Lecomte,Fl.Gen.Indo-Chin.5: 901.1929 ( fide H.Schröter,1936).Holotype: Vietnam Annam,Poilane 10761( P.non vidi).*
P.latifolia auct.non( Bl.) Boerl.: Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 123.2003; H.N.Qin&Y.Liu,Checklist Vasc.Pl.Guangxi 237.2010.
2a.ssp.tsoongii
分布:我国云南西南、广西西南部、海南;越南;柬埔寨。
标本登录:云南沧源,王启无73188。广西扶绥,陈少卿12021;巴马,李荫坤01243。海南澄迈,Tsang W.T.17358,Lei C.I.1020,1028。
2b.无毛长柄赤车(亚种)
ssp.subglabra X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 242,pl.61: 7-11.1997.Type:云南澜沧,alt.1 300 m,1936-05,王启无76619( holotype,KUN; isotype,PE) ;景洪,王启无79407( paratypes,KUN,PE) ;沧源,李延辉11524,12248( paratypes,KUN) ;耿马,李延辉2319 ( paratype,KUN)。
P.subpeltata Gagnep.in Bull.Soc.Bot.France 75: 925.1928; et in Lecomte,Fl.Gén.Indo-Chine 5: 900.1929.Syntypes: Vitnam Balansa 584&M.Colane 2929( P,non vidi)
分布:我国云南西南及南部、广西西南部;越南。
标本登录:我国广西那坡,覃海宁等279,334。越南凉山,1965-01-17,中越考察队1531。
全缘赤车Pellionia heyneana和P.latifolia( Bl.) Boerl.的叶相似,基部斜圆形或斜浅心形,叶宽侧基部不呈耳形或呈不明显耳形,而长柄赤车P.tsoongii的叶基部两侧强烈不对称,在宽侧呈明显耳形,耳垂部分长0.8-2.7 cm,这是个稳定同时便于利用的形态区别特征。H.Schröter( 1936)在其Elatostema专著中用此特征在检索表中区别P.tsoongii和前二种。此外,Yahara( 1984)在其有关泰国Pellionia的文章中讨论到P.latifolia的近缘种时也指出其与P.tsoongii在叶基部的上述区别。想不到Lin et al ( 2003)竟将P.tsoongii归并于P.latifolia,造成一个分类学混淆,为澄清此一混淆,本文将P.tsoongii的种级地位予以恢复。
组2.赤车组sect.Pellionia.W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 165.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 165.1995; Yahara in J.Fac.Sci.Univ.Tokyo.Sect.3,Bot.13( 4) : 485.1984; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 244.1997.Type: P.elatostemoides Gaudich.[=P.sinuata( Bl.) Boerl.]
Leaves shortly petiolate or sessile,usually with
*本文中记录的所有标本均保存于PE中。dentate margins,semi-triplinerved,with lateral basal nerve at leaf narrow side extending upwards to or slightlysurpassingtheleafmiddle,rarely penninerved.Reduced leaves present or absent( in most species of China absent ).Pistillate inflorescences cymose.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,rarely 4 or 3,usually ( 1-) 2-3 larger,navicular,abaxially below apex long corniculate,rarely lacking any projections or below apex shortly corniculate ( P.repens).Achenes tubeculate,rarely lineolate( P.macrophylla).
约有62种。我国有22种,根据雌花被片、退化叶、脉序、托叶和瘦果等器官形态特征被划分为2亚组5系。
亚组1.吐烟花亚组subsect.Repentes( W.T.Wang) W.T.Wang,st.et comb.nov.——ser.Repentes W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 51.1980,et in Fl.Reip.Sin.23( 2) : 165.1995; Yahara in J.Fac.Sci.Univ.Tokyo.Sect.3,Bot.13 ( 4) : 485.1984.Type: P.repens ( Lour.) Merr。
Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,slightly unequal in size,lacking any projections or abaxially below apex shortly corniculate.Reduced leaves present.Leaves semi-triplinerved; stipules triangular.Achenes tuberculate.
1种。
3.吐烟花图2: F-H
Pellionia repens ( Lour.) Merr.in Lingnan Sci.J.6( 4) : 326.1928; F.C.How,Fl.Guangzhou.404.1956; Fl.Hainan.2: 406,fig.492.1965; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 82.1980; Yahara in J.Fac.Sci.Univ.Tokyo,Sect.3,Bot.13( 4) : 484.1984; S.S.Chang in Fl.Guizhou.4: 40,pl.14: 1-2.1989; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 165,pl.38: 5.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 244.1997.; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 124.2003; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 78,fig.28.2005; F.W.Xing&F.G.Wang,Fl.Macao 154.2005; Y.M.Shui&W.H.Chen,Seed Pl.Karst.Reg China 1: 103,fig.256.2006.——Polychroa repens Lour.Fl.Cochinch.559.1790.——Elatostema repens ( Lour.) Hall.f.in Ann.Jard.Bot.Buitenz.13: 316.1986; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 2) : 25.1936; Backer&V.D.Brink,Fl.Java 2: 42.1965.No type specimen designated.Fig.2: F-H
P.pulchra Boerl.In Gard.Chron,n.ser.,18( 2) : 104,1873.——Elatostema pulchrum ( Boerl.) Hall.f.1.c.——E.repens( Lour.) Hall.f.var.pulchrum ( Boerl.) H.Schröter l.c.26.
P.daveauana Boerl.in Gard.Chron.,n.ser.,14 ( 2) : 262.1880; Hook.f.Fl.Brit.Ind.5: 560.1888; Ridley,Fl.Malay.Pen.3: 362.1924; Gagnep.in Lecomte,Fl.Gén.Indo-Chin.5: 902.1929.
分布:云南南部和东南部、海南;自缅甸向东达我国云南、海南和中南半岛,向南经马来半岛达印度尼西亚爪哇。
标本登录:云南勐海,王启无74644,76140;景洪,王启无77554,78046;勐仑,热带植物园,李庆华898;河口,采集人不明2448。海南保亭,侯宽昭72546,73338;尖峰岭,236队3800;白沙,金效华5048;崖县,黄志33063;临高,曾怀德15761。
亚组2.赤车亚组subsect.Radicantes W.T.Wang,subsect.nov.Type: P.radicans( Sieb.&Zucc.) Wedd。
A subsect.Repentibus( W.T.Wang) W.T.Wang differt floris pistillati tepalis ( 3-4-) 5 valde inaequimagnis( 1-) 2-3 majoribus navicularibus dorso sub apice longe corniculatis.
Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,rarely 4 or 3,strongly unequal in size,( 1-) 2-3 larger,navicular,abaxially below apex long corniculate.Reduced leaves absent,rarely present.Leaves semi-triplinerved,rarely penninerved; stipules subulate,rarely ovate,triangular or lanceolate.Achenes tuberculate,rarely lineolate.
约有59种,我国约有21种。
系1.婆婆纳赤车系ser.Veronicoides W.T.Wang,ser.nov.Type: P.veronicoides Gagnep。
Series nova haec est arcte affinis ser.Radicantibus W.T.Wang,a qua foliis reductis praesentibus differt.——Reduced leaves present.Normal leaves semitriplinerved; stipules lanceolate or ovate.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,of them 2 larger,linear-navicular,abaxially below apex long corniculate.Achenes tuberculate.
1种。
4.婆婆纳赤车图2: I-K
Pellionia veronicoides Gagnep.in Bull.Sec.Bot.France 75: 927.1928; et in Lecomte,Fl.Gén.Indo-Chin.5: 896.1929.——Elatostemaveronicoides ( Gagnep.) H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 3) : 28,tab.10.1936.Holotype: Vietnam: Tonkin: Cho-bo,1887-11-16,Balansa 2551 (♂,P,non vidi).Fig.2: I-K
Supplementary description to the original one,with the infructescences,persistent pistillate tepals and achenes described for the first time.: Infructescences singly axillary,shortly pedunculate,subglobose,ca.2.5 mm in diam.,densely multi-flowered; bracts numerous,whitish,narrowly triangular-linear or narrowly linear,1-2× 0.1-0.2 mm,margin nearly entire or 1-2-denticulate,glabrous.Persistent pistillate tepals 5,unequal in size,2 larger,linear-navicular,ca.1 mm long,abaxially below apex long corniculate,with horn-like projections ca.1.4 mm long,smaller tepals flat,lanceolate-linear,ca.1×0.1 mm,glabrous,lacking any projections.Achenes brown,long ellipsoid,ca.0.8 mm long,tuberculate.
本种的holotype为雄株标本,所以在原始描述中缺雌花序,雌花和瘦果的描述。下引的采自云南西畴的本种标本是由著名华裔植物生态学家王启无先生于七十多年前采到,在2003年才由林祁博士定名。此号标本为结果雌株,现在将果序,宿存雌花被片和瘦果描述补充如上。
分布:我国云南东南部;越南北部。
标本登录:云南西畴,Ban-loun,alt.800 m,山谷林中,草本植物平卧地面,1940-04-18,王启无( C.W.Wang) 88690。
系2.赤车系ser.Radicantes W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 52.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 167.1995.Type: P.radicans ( Sieb.&Zucc.) Wedd.
Ser.Virides W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 62.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23 ( 2) : 170.1995.Type: P.viridis C.H.Wright.
Reduced leaves absent.Leaves semi-triplinerved; stipules usually subulate,rarely ovate or lanceoltae.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,rarely 4 or 3,of them( 1-) 2-3 larger,linear,navicular,abaxially below apex long corniculate.Achenes tuberulate.
我国约有20种。
5.长梗赤车图3: A-B
Pellionia longipedunculata W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 2( 1) : 1,pl.1: 1-2.1982; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 167,pl.51: 1-2.1995; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 124.2003,p.p.excl.syn.P.subundulata var.angustifolia W.T.Wang; W.T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 844,pl.343: 1.2005.Holotype:广西上思,十万大山,alt.600 m,1944-04-19,陈少卿4918(♂,IBSC)。Fig.3: A-B
分布:广西十万大山特有种。
本种的主要特征为叶片狭卵形,托叶较大,宽披针形,长约11 mm,宽3mm,雄花序梗较长(约12 cm)。Lin et al( 2003)将狭叶赤车P.subundulata var.angustifolia W.T.Wang归并于P.longipedunculata。但狭叶赤车的叶呈披针形或条状披针形,托叶呈钻形,长2.5-3.5 mm,宽0.4-0.8 mm。本种的雄花序尚未发现。从上述情况可见长梗赤车与狭叶赤车之间存在明显区别,说明二者不是同一种植物,也说明上述归并是错误的。
6.曲毛赤车图3: L-N
Pellionia retrohispida W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 54,pl.1: 4-5.1980; et in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 3( 3) : 56.1986; Y.Q.He in Fl.Zhejiang 2: 111,fig.2048.1992; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 167,pl.50: 11.1995; B.G.Li in Fl.Hunan 2: 288.2000; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 124.2003; C.X.Yang et al Keys Vasc.Pl.Chongqing 150.2009.Holotype:重庆南川,小河区,alt.1 550 m,1957-06-09,熊济华,周子林91324 ( PE).Paratypes:湖南龙山,刘翰林1741( PE)。江西奉新,刘守炉等1292( NAS)。Fig.3: L-N
Elatostema hirticaule W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.7: 54.1980.Holotype:四川都江堰,汪发瓒20538( PE)。
E.hunanense W.T.Wang 1.c.Holotype:湖南雪峰山,李泽棠1685( PE)。
分布:甘肃南部、四川、重庆、湖北西南、贵州、湖南、江西、浙江、福建。
标本登录:甘肃文县,白水江队4377。四川青城山,赵志成87-83。重庆南川,刘正宇4820,13361。湖北鹤峰,李鸿均8089。贵州桐梓,刘正宇70521;正安,刘正宇20522;都匀,温放070430A;荔波,邵青,段林东59。湖南永顺,北京队01126;芷江,武陵山队1955;雪峰山,李泽棠1685;武冈,邓云飞10235;宜章,肖百中3930;衡山,李明红6。江西上犹,江西队71-630;修水,谭策铭94304。浙江遂昌,植物资源队26548。福建建宁,陈家瑞等64。
7.绿赤车图2: O-Q
Pellionia viridis C.H.Wright in J.Linn.Soc.Bot.26: 481.1899; Iconogr.Corm.Sin.1: 513,fig.1026.1972; Fl.Hupeh.1: 171,fig.222.1976; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 62.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 179,pl.36: 1-3.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 244,pl.62: 1-2.1997; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 126.2003 ; C.X.Yang et al Keys Vasc.Pl.Chongqing 150.2009——Elatostema viride ( C.H.Wright) Hand.-Mazz.Symb.Sin.7: 143.1929; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2) : 84.1936.Synteypes:湖北宜昌,A.Henry 4098 ( K,non vidi; photo PE).四川Mt.Omei,Faber 439,440( K,non vidi).Fig.2: O-Q
7a.var.viridis
分布:云南东北部、四川、重庆、湖北西部。
标本登录:云南绥江,孙必兴0520。四川峨眉山,方文培2594,17487,汪发瓒23179,杜大华405;雅安,Harry Smith 10037;屏山,俞德浚2979。
7b.斜基绿赤车(变种)
var.basiinaequalis W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Foest.Inst.6: 62.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 180.1995; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 126.2003.Holotype:四川筠连,1977-06-30,四川中药所824( IMC).Paratypes:四川长宁,四川中药所138 ( IMC) ;敍永,四川中药所764( IMC)。
分布:四川南部。
8.蔓赤车图3: C-D
Pellionia scabra Benth.Fl.Hongk.330.1861; Wedd.in DC.Prodr.16( 1) : 166.1869; C.H.Wright in J.Lin.Soc.Bot.26: 481.1899; Gagnep.in Lecomte,Fl.Gen.Indo-Chin.5: 896.1929; F.C.How,Fl.Guangzhou 404.1956; Fl.Hainan.2: 407.1965; Ohwi,FL.Japan,rev.et.,390.1965; Iconogr.Corm.Sin.1: 514,fig.1027.1972; Fl.Hupeh.1: 172.1976; T.S.Liu&W.D.Huang in Fl.Taiwan 2: 205.1976; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 52.1980; C.J.Zeng in Fl.Fujian.1: 466.1982; Fl.Jiangsu 2: 82.1982; Z.W.Xuo in Fl.Anhui 2: 123.1986; S.S.Chang et al in Fl.Guizhou.4: 42.1989; Y.Q.He in Fl.Zhejiang 2: 112,fig.2-149.1992; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 168,pl.37: 5,44: 3-4.1995; Yang,Shih&Liu in Fl.Taiwan,2nd ed.,2: 231,pl.115.1996; Y.E.Lee,Fl.Korea 88,fig.230.1996; B.G.Li in Fl.Hunan 2: 289,fig.2-214.2000; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 124.2003,p.p.excl.syn.P.cephaloidea W.T.Wang; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 79.fig.29.2005; W.T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 844.2005; Z.X.Peng&G.L.Zhang in Fl.Gansu 2: 237,pl.51: 1.2005; Tateishi in Iwatsuki et al Fl.Japan 2a: 100,2006; Q.M.Hu in Fl.Hong Kong 1: 124.2007; C.X.Yang et al Keys Vasc.Pl.Chongqing 150.2009; Z.R.Xu in Fl.Jiangsu 2: 168,fig.2-272.2013.——Elatostema scabrum ( Benth.) Hall.f.in Ann.Jard.Bott.Buitenz.13: 316.1896; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2) : 82,tab.25.1936.——Polychora scabra ( Benth.) Hu in J.Arn.Arb.5: 228.1924.Syntypes香港,Wiford 226,Hance 1095,Harland 326,Wright 447( K.non vidi).
P.arisanensis Hayata var.caudatifolia Yamamoto,Suppl.Ic.Pl.Formos.1.12.1925.Holoeype:台湾in Monte Arisan,B.Hayata s.n.( non vidi).
P.scabra subvar.pedunculata Yamamoto,1.c.,17.1925.Syntypes:台湾S.Ito s.n,B.Hayata s.n.( non vidi).
Elatostema pelliniifolium W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 2( 1) : 12.1982.Holotype:重庆北碚,缙云山,约1940,L.Y.Lin 4138( IBSC).
分布:我国云南东南部、广西、海南、广东、福建、台湾、浙江、江西、湖南、贵州、四川、甘肃南部、重庆、湖北、安徽南部、江苏南部;越南;朝鲜;日本。
标本登录:云南广南,税玉民001487。广西东兴,韦毅刚0670;上思,韦毅刚g06;靖西,韦毅刚g052;那坡,覃海宁等2169;龙州,韦毅刚0642;巴马,韦毅刚AM6483;百色,华南队2113;田林,韦毅刚094;天峨,北京队890399;环江,北京队894120;兴安,广西队53-62;龙胜,花坪队110673。海南澄迈,Lei C.J.456。广东深圳,张寿洲,李良千3440;增城,曾怀德20255;平远,邓良4294;蕉岭,邓良4831;连平,刘媖光00129;翁源,刘心启25057;连州,B.C.Henry 1095。福建泉州,钟心煊3087;长汀,采集人不明5130;南平,何国生9650;崇安,236 组2366;顺昌,李明生,李振宇4716。台湾台北,高瑞卿330;新店,Y.Yamamoto s.n。浙江鄞县,贺贤育1107;杭州,章绍尧2336。江西遂川,236组173;南丰,聂敏祥2406;玉山,聂敏祥6426;南昌,王文采s.n.;永修,赖书绅2200;庐山,聂敏祥7244。湖南新宁,罗林波465;宜章,莽山,肖百中4119;雪峰山,李泽棠2063;道县,黄向旭10043;长沙,万绍宾1。贵州荔波,邵青,段林东27;罗甸,贵州队402;望谟,贵州队865;桐梓,蒋英5015;剑河,温放1053;梵净山,安明态s.n.。重庆南川,李国凤60797;万州,植物所三峡队799。安徽休宁,植物资源队59-2070;祁门,安徽师大生物系89045。
9.富宁赤车图3: E-F
Pellionia funingensis W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 2 ( 1) : 2.1982; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 248.1997; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 169.1995.Holotype:云南富宁,里栱,alt.1 410 m,1965-10-13,文山队137( PE).
Fig.3 : E-F
P.grijsii auct.non Hance: Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5:126.2003,p.p.quoad syn.P.funingensis W.T.Wang; H.N.Qin&Y.Liu,Checklist Vasc.Pl.Guangxi 237.2010.p.p.quoad syn.P.funingensis W.T.Wang.
分布:云南富宁特有种。
Lin et al ( 2003 )将本种归并于P.grijsii Hance.但本种的叶具半离基三出脉,二级脉在叶狭侧2条,在宽侧3条,与P.grijsii叶的脉序(为羽状脉,二级脉约5对)明显不同,此外茎密被贴伏、长0.5-0.8 mm的短毛,托叶被短伏毛也不相同。在P.grijsii,茎密被开展或反曲、长0.5-2 mm的硬毛,托叶无毛。
10.尖齿赤车图3: G-H
Pellionia acutidentata W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest Inst.6: 53.1980; in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 3 ( 3) : 56.1983; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 169,pl.38: 6-7.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 248.1997; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 125.2003.Holotype:云南:西畴,法斗,1939-12-09,王启无85536( PE).Fig.3: G-H
分布:云南东南部。
标本登录:云南屏边,税玉民等10391;西畴,王启无85514,86815;马关,古林菁,税玉民,陈文红,盛家舒30436,31685;河口,税玉民等10626;麻栗坡,王启无86815;绿春,税玉民,陈文红13813。
11.硬毛赤车图3: I-K
Pellionia crispulihirtella W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 3 ( 3) : 57,fig.4.1983; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 171,pl.42: 7.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 249.1997.Holotype:我国云南屏边,Shan-tau-chien,alt.1 500 m,1939-10-09,王启无82383( PE).Paratype: Vietnam On the way from Laokay to Chapa,alt.710 m,1964-12-24,Sino-Vietnam Exped.856( PE).Fig.3: I-K
P.veronicoides auct.non Gagnep.: Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 125.2003.
分布:我国云南东南部;越南北部。
Lin et al( 2003)将本种归并于P.veronicoides Gagnep.但二种间存在一些形态区别特征:在本种,茎密被弯曲的短硬毛(毛长0.15-0.4 mm),无小斑点,退化叶不存在,托叶钻形,无脉。在P.veronicoides,茎密被反曲的长硬毛(毛长1-2.2 mm),有密集的褐色小斑点,退化叶存在,托叶披针形或卵形,有2条脉,根据存在退化叶和具较宽的托叶,Schröter&Winkler( 1936)认为此种与吐烟花相近缘。根据上述情况可见本种与P.veronicoides是不同的种,在本文的Pellionia分类系统中此二种分别置于不同的系中(见上)。
12.波缘赤车图3: L-M
Pellionia subundulata W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 57.1980 ; in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 3 ( 3) : 67.1983 ; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23 ( 2) : 173.1995 ; X.W.Lin in Fl.Yunnan.7: 245.1997; W.T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 846.2005.Holotype:广西上思,南屏,1973-04-17,方鼎35075( GXMI)。Paratypes:广西横县,陈照宙50346( IBSC) ;扶绥,陈少卿12399( PE) ;靖西,张肇骞15069( IBSC)。云南屏边,王孝等100171( IBSC)。
P.paucidentata auct.non ( H.Schröter) Chien: Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 125.2003,p.p.quoad syn.P.subundulata W.T.Wang; H.N.Qin&Y.Liu,Checklist Vasc.Pl.Guangxi 238.2010,p.p.quoad syn.P.subundulata W.T.Wang.
12a.var.subundulata
分布:我国云南东南部、广西;越南北部。
标本登录:云南西畴,王启无85407,86080。广西上思,韦毅刚09019,07414;罗城,韦毅刚07121;钦州,周沛椿80047。
图3 A-B.长梗赤车 A.叶和雄聚伞花序; B.雄花(仿王文采,1995)。C-D.蔓赤车 C.叶; D.宿存雌花被和瘦果(据韦毅刚g052)。E-F.富宁赤车 E.叶; F.宿存雌花被和瘦果(据holotype)。G-H.尖齿赤车 G.叶; H.雌花(据税玉民等10297)。I-K.硬毛赤车 I.叶; J.雌花; K.雌蕊(据paratype)。L-M.波缘赤车 L.叶; M.宿存雌花被和瘦果(据韦毅刚07414)。N-O.赤车N.叶; O.雌花(据浙江植物资源队59-25920)。P-Q.异被赤车 P.叶; Q.雌花被和幼果(据刘正宇4947)。Fig.3 A-B.Pellionia longipedunculata A.Leaf and staminate cyme; B.Staminate flower( after Wang,1995).C-D.P.scabra C.Leaf; D.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from Y.G.Wei g052).E-F.P.funingensis E.Leaf; F.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from holotype).G-H.P.acutidentata G.Leaf; H.Pistillate flower( from Y.M.Shui et al 10297).I-K.P.crispulihirtella L.Leaf; J.Pistillate flower; K.Pistil( from paratype).L-M.P.subundulata var.subundulata L.Leaf; M.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from Y.G.Wei 07414).N-O.P.radicans var.radicans N.Leaf; O.Pistillate flower( from Zhejiang Pl.Resour.Exped.59-25920).PQ.P.heteroloba P.Leaf; Q.Pistillate perianth and young fruit( from Z.Y.Liu 4947).
Lin et al( 2003)将本种归并于P.paucidentata ( H.Schröter) Chien.但本种的叶片较小,长1-8 cm,宽0.6-3.5 cm,顶端急尖,稀短渐尖,具半离基三出脉,二级脉在叶片狭侧2条,在宽侧3条,雌花被片无毛,而与后者不同。在P.paucidentata,叶片较大,长5-15 cm,宽2-6 cm,顶端渐近或骤尖,有时具半离基三出脉,二级脉在叶狭侧2-3条,在宽侧4-6条,有时具羽状脉,雌花被片有少数短毛。
12b.狭叶赤车(变种)
var.angustifolia W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 58.1980; in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 3( 3) : 57.1983; in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23 ( 2) : 174.1995; et in Fl.Guangxi 2: 846.2005.Holotype:广西隆安,1973-03-03,王鉴钧5487 ( GXMI).Paratypes:广西扶绥,陈少卿12054 ( IBSC) ;宁明,爱店,苏宏汉6812( IBSC)。
P.longipedunculata auct.non.W.T.Wang: Q.Lin et al In Fl.China 5: 124,2003,p.p.quoad syn.P.subundulata var.angustifolia W.T.Wang; H.N.Qin&Y.Liu,Checklist Vasc.Pl.Guangxi 238.2010,p.p.quoad syn.P.subundulata var.angustifolia W.T.Wang.
分布:我国广西南部;越南北部。
标本登录:广西上思,十万大山,韦毅刚0680,07414。
Lin et al( 2003)将本变种归并于P.longipedunculata W.T.Wang,关于此问题已在后者的地理分布之后进行了讨论(见上)。
13.赤车图3: N-O
Pellionia radicans ( Sieb.&Zucc.) Wedd.in DC.Prodr.16 ( 1) : 167.1869; C.H.Wright in J.Linn.Soc.Bot.26: 481.1899; Fl.Hainan.2: 408.1965; Ohwi,Fl.Japan,rev.ed.,390.1965; Iconogr.Corm.Sin.1: 514,fig.1028.1972; Fl.Hupeh.1: 172.1976; T.S.Liu&W.D.Huang in Fl.Taiwan 2: 204.1976; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 55.1980; C.J.Ceng in Fl.Fujian.1: 465.1982; Fl.Jiangsu 2: 82.1982; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 171,pl.37: 6.1995; Yang,Shih&Liu in Fl.Taiwan,2nd ed.,2: 231,pl.114.1996; B.G.Li in Fl.Hunan 2: 288.2000; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 125.2003,p.p.excl.syn.P.radicans f.grandis Gagnep.; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 79.2005; W.
T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 844.2005; Tateishi in Iwatsuki et al Fl.Japan 2a: 99.2006; Q.M.Hu in Fl.Hong Kong.1: 123.2007; C.X.Yang et al Keys Vasc.Pl.Chongqing 150.2009.——Procris radicans Sieb.&Zucc.Fl.Jap.Fam.Nat.218.1846.——Elatostema radicans ( Sieb.&Zucc.) Wedd.in Arch.Mus.Hist.Nat.Paris 9: 322.1856; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 2) : 86.1936.
Holotype: Japan: Siebold s.n.( Ld,non vidi).
Fig.3: N-O
P.cavaleriei Lévl.In Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.12: 22.1913.——Elatostema cavaleriei ( Lévl.) Hand.-Mazz.Symb.Sin.7: 143.1929.Holotype:贵州Pinfa,1902-03-18,Cavalerie 1295( E,non vidi).
P.chikushiensis Yamamoto,Suppl.Ic.Pl.Formos.1: 14,fig.5.1925.Syntypes:台湾Mt.Chikushi,T.Soma s.n; inter Heishana et Nimandaira,B.Hayata s.n.( non vidi).
13a.var.radicans
分布:我国云南、广西、海南、广东、福建、台湾、浙江、江西、湖南、贵州、四川、湖北、重庆、安徽、江苏南部;越南;日本。
标本登录:云南河口,税玉民001401;元阳,绿春队1722;昆明,E.E.Maire s.n.广西十万大山,秦仁昌5302;武鸣,韦毅刚07674;那坡,覃海宁等2053;百色,华南分队2122;西林,红水河队89-1444;融水,陈少卿17003;临桂,花坪队110185;环江,北京队891093;天峨,北京队896350;兴安,广西队53-62;龙胜,刘标0637。海南保亭,吊罗山,吊罗山队3131。广东鼎湖山,W.Y.Chun 6310;深圳,张寿洲,李良千0387;英德,梁向日61382;乳源,黄志5812;乐昌,左景烈20291;连县,谭沛祥59867。福建南平,何国生15743;连城,王大顺1044;崇安,王名金3095。台湾台北,陈家瑞97428;宜兰,C.M.Wang 05482;新竹,黄雅怡等814;花莲,陈添财等12842。浙江平阳,钟观光152;诸暨,陈诗98;景宁,章绍堯5160;遂昌,植物资源队59-25920。江西龙南,236组936;遂川,236组648;武功山,江西队54-314;萍乡,江西队54-2818;铅山,陈跃东等1129;黎川,杨祥学650010;武宁,陈策铭97021;庐山,胡先骕2208。湖南宜章,肖百中3931;新宁,罗林波345;芷江,武陵山队2364;武冈,邓云飞10428;邵阳,段林东2556;衡山,李明红8;长沙,关克俭74618;永顺,北京队958。贵州荔波,邵青,段林东40;雷山,简焯坡等50153;都匀,温放070430;黄平,韦毅刚,温放1070;松桃,武陵山队485;梵净山,黔北队972;习水,毕节队1593;赤水,安明态32;道真,刘正宇20516;桐梓,刘正宇20517;遵义,川黔队1471。四川雷波,管中天7819;峨边,赵子孝64;峨眉山,关克俭等1777;汶川,阿坝药检所719;都江堰,傅德志等87-1407。重庆缙云山,黄志明1097;涪陵,刘正宇180979;金佛山,韦毅刚1133;万州,植物所三峡队0876;巫山,植物所三峡队1366。湖北鹤峰,李洪钧685;宜昌,董佩萱20;鄂州,金仁龙324。安徽黄山,植物所华东工作站6494;祁门,邓樊彬5088。
13b.长茎赤车(变种)
var.grandis ( Gagnep.) W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 56.1980; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 247.1997; W.T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 846.2005.——P.radicans f.grandis Gagnep.in Lecomte,Fl.Gén.Indo-Chin.5: 899.1929; Fl.Hainan.2: 408.1965; C.J.Ceng in Fl.Fujian.1: 465.1982; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 173.1995; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 79.2005.——Elatostema radicans var.grandis( Gagnep.) H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2) : 89.1936.Syntypes: Vietnam Tonkin: prov.de Ninh-yen,Eberhardt s.n.; prov.Bac-kan et Thai-nguyen,Eberhardt s.n.( P,non vidi).
分布:我国云南东南部、广西、海南、广东;越南北部。
标本登录:广西上思,SCNG3392。
14.异被赤车图3: P-Q
Pellionia heteroloba Wedd.in Arch.Mus.Hist.Nat.Paris 9: 283,t.9,fig.15.1856 ; et in DC.Prodr.16( 1) : 166.1869 ; Hook.f.Fl.Brit.Ind.5: 559.1888 ; Gagnep.in Lecomte,Fl.Gén.Indo-Chin.5: 899.1929; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 176.1995,p.p.excl.syn.P.griffithianum Wedd.et Elatostema henryanum Hand.-Mazz.; X.W.Li in F.Yunnan.7: 245.1997,p.p.excl.pl.62: 3-6.1997; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 126.2003,p.p.excl.syn.P.griffithiana Wedd.,P.menglianense Y.Y.Qian et Elatostema henryanum Hand.-Mazz.Holotype: Sikkim,J.D.Hooker&T.Thomson s.n.( K.non vidi, photo PE).Fig.3: P-Q
P.heteroloba var.minor W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 60.1980; S.S.Chang et al in Fl.Guizhou.4: 40.1989.Holotype:贵州:习水,alt.650 m,1959-09-24,毕节队1593( PE)。
分布:我国云南、贵州、湖南西南、重庆、四川南部;越南;印度北部和东北部。
标本登录:云南腾冲,Gaoligong Shan Biodiv.Survey 30146;景东,哀牢山,杨国平393;金平,周哲坤等215;广南,王启无87305。贵州册亨,曹子余1032;望谟,韦毅刚,温放1032;荔波,邵青,段林东60;正安,刘正宇15594,20381;道真,刘正宇16043;怀仁,向邦华s.n.;赤水,韦毅刚,温放1142。湖南武冈,云山,张彩飞1709。重庆江津,刘正宇183073;南川,金佛山,李国凤64319,刘正宇4947;丰都,三峡队2665。
最近,我看到Pellionia heteroloba Wedd.和P.griffithiana Wedd.的模式照片,并参阅了这二种的原始描述,了解到前者的茎无毛,叶较小,也无毛,具半离基三出脉,而后者的茎、叶都有毛,叶较大,具羽状脉,二者是两个不同的种。因此,H.Schröter ( 1936)将P.heteroloba Wedd.和P.grijsii Hance都归并于P.griffithiana是制造了一个植物分类学混乱,对此,本文进行了改正。
15.三被赤车图4: A-D
Pellionia tritepala W.T.Wang,sp.nov.Holotype:云南屏边,Shuiweicheng,alt.2 000 m,at water side near woods,2000-03-27,税玉民等( Y.M.Shui et al) 12136(♀,PE)。Fig.4: A-D
Species nova haec est affinis P.radicanti( Sieb.&Zucc.) Wedd.,a qua foliorum laminis apice breviter acuminatis vel acutis subtus atrobrunneo-puncticulatis,flore pistillato tepalis tribus omnibus dorso sub apice longe raro breviter corniculatis praedito differt.In P.radicanti,foliorum laminae apice acuminatae vel longeacuminataesubtushaudatrobrunneopuncticulatae,et flos pistillatus tepalis quinque vulgo tribus majoribus dorso sub apice longe corniculatis ceteris minoribus haud corniculatis praeditus est.
Perennial herb.Stems 1-2,20-28 cm tall,ca.1 mm in diam.,minutely puberulous( hairs 0.1-0.25 mm long),dark-brown-puncticulate,simple or below shortly branched.Leaves alternate,shortly petiolate; blades pa-pery,obliquely elliptic or obliquely obovate,2.5-4.5(-5.5)×1.5-2.5 cm,apex shortly acuminate or acute,base at leaf narrow side obtuse and at broad side auriculate,margin crenate or denticulate; surfaces adaxially sparsely strigillose,abaxially subglabrous,densely dark-brownpuncticulate; nervation semi-triplinerved,with basal nerves and ca.2 pairs of secondary nerves abaxially slightly prominent; cystoliths sparse,inconspicuous,thinly bacilliform,0.2-0.4 mm long; petioles 1-2 mm long,glabrous; stipules subulate or narrowly linear,1-2.5×0.1-0.3 mm,glabrous.Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknow.Pistillate cymes singly axillary,5-7 mm in diam.,shortly 3-4-branched,densely multiflowered; peduncle 0.5-4 mm long,glabrous; bracts numerous,white,linear,1-1.5×0.1-0.2 mm,glabrous.Pistillate flower sessile: Tepals 3,unequal in size,white,linear-navacular,0.3-0.8×0.25 mm,glabrous,abaxially below apex long rarely shortly corniculate,with horn-like projections( 0.2-) 0.5-1.5 mm long.Pistil ca.0.4 mm long; ovary ellipsoid,0.3-0.4 mm long,glabrous; stigma penicillate,ca.0.15 mm long.
在赤车系ser.Radicantes,多数种的雌花具5枚花被片,少数种(如蔓赤车P.scabra,滇南赤车P.paucidentata)的雌花具4或5枚花被片。本种的雌花具3枚花被片,在本系中是唯一的情况,因此,根据这一特征即可与本系的其他种相区别。
16.灰被赤车图4: E-G
Pellionia calcifera W.T.Wang,sp.nov.Holotype:云南麻栗坡,豆豉店( Malipo,Douchidian),alt.950 m,山坡( on slope),1998-10-30,王印政,彭华,邓云飞,税玉民,朱大海( Y.Z.Wang,H.Peng,Y.F.Deng,Y.M.Shui&D.H.Zhu) 5155( PE)。
Fig.4: E-G
Species nova haec caulibus calci glebulis minutis densissimis albidis incrustatis,foliorum laminis utrinque calcis strato tenui albido incrustatis,cymis staminatis sessilibus,floribus staminatis tetrameris insignis est,et cumcharacteribus his a congeneribus omnibus sinensibus ceterisdistat.Inejuscongeneribus sinensibus,caules et foliorum laminae calce carentes,cymae staminatae pedunculatae,et flores staminati pentameri rarissime tetrameri[in P.paucidentata ( H.Schröter) Chien]sunt.
Perennial herbs.Stems ca.25 cm tall,branched,on branch surface encrusted by numerous very dense minute lumps of whitish lime,and on upper part of branch densely puberulous.Leaves alternate,ca.5 borne on apical part of branch,shortly petiolate or sessile; blades papery,obliquely elliptic,2.4-7×1.4-3.5 cm,apex shortly acuminate or acute,base at leaf narrow side cuneate and at broad side broadly cuneate,margin above the middle crenate; surfaces both adaxially and abaxially encrusted by a thin grey-whitish layer of lime,glabrous; nervation semi-triplinerved or trinerved,with basal nerves and ca.3 pairs of secondary nerves abaxially prominent; cystoliths dense,inconspicuous,thickly bacillioform,0.1-0.25 mm long; petioles 0-1.5 mm long; stipules subulate,ca.2×0.2 mm,glabrous.Staminate cymes singly borne on leafless nodes of lower part of branch,sessile,2.5-4 mm in dian.,densely 10-20-flowered; bracts brown,triangular or linear,0.6-0.8×0.3-0.5 mm,ciliolate.Staminate flower: Pedicel up to 1 mm long,glabrous.Tepals 4,free,broadly elliptic,ca.1.2× 0.7 mm,glabrous.Stamens 4,glabrous; filaments subterete,ca.0.6 mm long; anthers oblong,ca.0.6 mm long; pistilllode wanting.Pistillate cymes and pistillate flowers unknown.
本种的特征:茎被极为密集的白色石灰小块包着,叶片的腹面和背面均被一薄层灰白色石灰包着,雄聚伞花序无花序梗,雄花四基数。根据上述特征,本种可与我国赤车属的其他种区别开。在我国赤车属的其他种,茎和叶均无石灰,雄聚伞花序均有花序梗,雄花均为五基数,稀四基数[滇南赤车P.paucidentata( H.Schröter) Chien.]。
17.短叶赤车图4: H-I
Pellionia brevifolia Benth.Fl.Hongk.330.1861; Wedd in DC.Prodr.16( 1) : 167.1869; C.H.Wright in J.Linn.Soc.Bot.26: 481.1899; Fl.Hainan.2: 409.1965; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 58.1980; C.J.Ceng in Fl.Fujian.1: 466.1982; W.T.Wang.in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 174,pl.38: 4.1995; B.G.Li in Fl.Hunan 2: 289.2000; Q.Lin.in Fl.China 5: 125.2003,p.p.excl.syn.P.minima Makino; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 79.2005; W.T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 846.2005; Tateishi in Iwatsuki et al Fl.Japan 2a: 78.2006; Q.M.Hu in Fl.Hong Kong1: 123.2007.——Elatostema brevifolium ( Benth.) Hall.f.in Ann.Jard.Bot.Bruitenz.8: 316.1896; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2) : 89.1936.Holotype:香港,Mt.Gough and Victoria,Wilford 227( K,non vidi; photo,PE).Fig.4: H-I
图4 A-D.三被赤车 A.开花雌茎顶部; B.雌聚伞花序; C,D.雌花(据holotype)。E-G.灰被赤车 E.叶; F.雄聚伞花序; G.另一雄聚伞花序(据holotype)。H-I.短叶赤车 H.叶; I.宿存雌花被和瘦果(据厦门大学队929)。J-K.小赤车 J.叶; K.宿存雌花被和瘦果(据浙江植物资源队59-25760)。L-M.滇南赤车 L.叶; M.雌花(仿王文采,1995)。N-P.南亚赤车 N.叶和雌聚伞花序; O.雌花; P.瘦果(据蔡希陶52440)。Fig.4 A-D.Pellionia tritepala A.Apical part of flowering pistillate stem; B.Pistillate cyme,C,D.Pistillate flowers( from holotype).EG.P.calcifera E.Leaf; F.Staminate cyme; G.Another staminate cyme( from holotype).H-I.P.brevifolia H.Leaf; I.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from Xiamen Univ.Exped.929).J-K.P.minima J.Leaf; K.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from Zhejiang Pl.Resour.Exped.59-25760).L-M.P.paucidentata var.paucidentata L.Leaf; M.Pistillate flower( after Wang,1995).N-P.P.griffithana var.griffithiana N.Leaf and pistillate cyme; O.Pistillate flower; P.Achene( from H.T.Tsai 52440).
分布:我国广西、海南、广东、福建、江西、湖南、安徽南部;越南北部;日本。
标本登录:广西融水,元宝山队Y1381;环江,北京队895144;兴安,韦毅刚0912。福建南靖,厦门大学队931。江西武功山,江西队54-442;庐山,杨穗生262。湖南新宁,紫云山,刘林翰15106;桑植,八大公山,李洪钧4371。安徽潜山,沈保安398。
18.小赤车图4: J-K
Pellionia minima Makino in Bot.Mag.Tokyo 23: 85.1909; Ohwi,Fl.Japan,rev.ed.,390.1965; P.S.Hsu in Obs.Pl.Hwangshan.109.1965; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 158.1980; Z.W.Xiuo in Fl.Anhui 2: 122,fig.288.1986; Y.Q.He in Fl.Zhejiang 2: 111,fig.2-147.1992; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 175.1995; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 178.2005; W.T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 846.2005; Tateishi in Iwatsuki et al Fl.Japan 2a: 98.2006.——Elatostema radicans var.minima ( Kakino) H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2) : 88.1936.——Pellionia radicans var.minima( Makino) Hatusima in Sci.Rep.Yokosuka City Mus.n.13: 37.1967.Described from Japan,no type specimen designated.Fig.4: J-K
P.brevifolium auct.non Benth.: Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 125.2003,p.p.quoad syn.P.minima Makino.
分布:我国广西、广东、湖南、江西、福建、浙江、安徽;日本。
标本登录:广西龙胜,韦毅刚s.n.广东:从化,曾怀德20445;新丰,邓良8211;丰顺,李学根201424。湖南浏阳,严岳鸿5814。江西奉新,刘守炉1192;玉山,庐山植物园6125;婺源,李启和62。福建延平,钟心煊3580;宁化,黄锄荒s.n.;南平,何国生9645;建宁,陈家瑞等79。浙江遂昌,植物资源队59-25760;昌化,贺贤玉22628。安徽黄山,植物所华东工作站6111;祁门,钱士心s.n。
Lin et al( 2003)将Pellionia minima Makino归并于P.brevifolia Benth.但本种的茎被长0.1 mm的小毛,叶呈宽椭圆形,宽倒卵形或近圆形,雌花被片无毛;而在P.brevifolia,茎被长0.3-1 mm的较长毛,叶呈椭圆形或狭倒卵形,雌花被片疏被短毛。这些区别说明二者不是同一分类群,本文仍将P.minima作为种级分类群处理。
19.滇南赤车图4: L-M
Pellionia paucidentata ( H.Schröter) Chien in Acta Phytotax.Sin.8: 354.1963; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 60.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 175,pl.37: 34,pl.39.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 251,pl.62.1997; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 125.2003,p.p.excl.syn.P.subundulata W.T.Wang et P.paucidentata var.hainanica Chien&S.H.Wu ; Y.M.Shui&W.H.Chen,Seed Pl.Karst Reg.China 1: 103,fig.255.2006; H.N.Qin&Y.Li,Checklist Vasc.Pl.Guangxi 288.2010,p.p.excl.syn.P.subundulata W.T.Wang.——Elatostema henryanum var.oligodotum Hand.-Mazz.Symb.Sin.7: 144.1929.——E.paucidentatum H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2 ) : 80.1936.Syntypes: Vietnam Tonkin: Phomoi near Laogai,alt.150 m,1914-02-02,Handel-Mazzetti 10 ( W.non vidi).China.Yunnan: Mengzi,A.Henry 11261( K,non vidi) ; Simao,A.Henry 12678( K,non vidi).
P.longgangensis W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 8( 4) : 77.1988.Holotype:广西龙州,弄岗,1985-11-09,李振宇,傅德志,覃海宁27( PE)。
19a.var.paucidentata
分布:我国云南中南部和东南部、广西西南部;越南北部。
标本登录:云南南涧,无量山,刘恩德3534;勐腊,王启无80685;勐仑,热带植物园,李庆华462;孟鑫,王启无80050;金平,武素功等4343;河口,税玉民等00716;马关,税玉民等30577,31722;西畴,王启无85235;个旧,税玉民等14424。广西龙州,韦毅刚07292;防城,钟观光2665;百色,韦毅刚百色4号。
19b.海南赤车(变种)
var.hainanica Chien&S.H.Wu in Acta Phytotax.Sin.8 ( 4) : 354,1963; Fl.Hainan.2: 467.1965; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23 ( 2) : 176.1995; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 80.2005.Holotype:无准确地址,Bot.Inst.Agr.Trop.Austr.-Sin.0011( IBSC)。
与滇南赤车的区别:叶较小,长达12 cm,宽达4.2 cm,钟乳体在两面均明显。
分布:海南特有变种。
系3.翅茎赤车系ser.Caulialatae W.T.Wang in Acta Phytotax.Sin.30 ( 3) : 196.1992; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 180.1995.Type: P.caulialata S.Y.Liou.
Reduced leaves present.Stems longitudinally winged.Normal leaves penninerved; stipules narrowly triangular or narrowly lanceolate.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,of them 2 larger,abaxially below apex long corniculate.Achenes tuberculate.
1种。
20.翅茎赤车图5: A-D
Pellionia caulialata S.Y.Liou in Guihaia 3( 4) : 317,cun fig.1983; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 180.1995; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 126.2003.Isotype:广西桂平,太平山,alt.400 m,1982-12-14,刘寿养等D00322( PE).Fig.5: A-D
分布:云南东南部、广西西部和东南部;越南北部。
标本登录:云南马关,古林菁,税玉民,陈文红,盛家舒30803。广西龙州,韦毅刚14;大新,韦毅刚6673;靖西,韦毅刚AM6356;凌云,华南分队1378;东兰,税玉民,陈文红B2004-167;天峨,北京队897064。Vietnam: Cho Don Distr.,Bac Kan Province,2004-10-27,L.Q.Li et al 0447.
系4.南亚赤车系ser.Griffithianae W.T.Wang,ser.nov.Type: P.griffithiana Wedd.
Series nova haec est affinis ser.Caulialatis W.T.Wang,a qua foliis reductis absentibus,stipulis subulatis vel anguste linearibus,caulibus haud alatis differt.
Reduced leaves absent.Stems not winged.Leaves penninerved; stipules subulate or narrowly linear.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,rarely 4,of them 2-3 larger,abaxially below apex long corniculate.Achenes tuberculate.
我国有3种。
21.南亚赤车图5: G-I
Pellionia griffithiana Wedd.in DC.Prodr.16 ( 1) : 165.1869; Hook.f.Fl.Brit.Ind.5: 559.1888; C.H.Wright in J.Linn.Soc.Bot.26: 481.1899; Gagnep.in Lecomte,Fl.Gén.Indo-Chin.5: 895.1929.——Elatostema griffithianum( Wedd.) Hall.f.in Ann.Jard.Bot.Bruitenz.13: 316.1896; H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 2) : 76.1936,p.p.excl,syn.Pellionia heteroloba Wedd.et P.grijsii Hance; Backer&v.d.Brink,Fl.Java 42.1965.——Elatostema henryanum Hand.-Mazz.Symb.Sin.7: 144.1929.Holotype:印度India E Bengal,Palkaya,W.Griffith 4544( K,non vidi,photo PE)。Fig.5: G-I
P.arisanensis Hayata,Ic.Pl.Formos.6: 53.1916.Holotype:台湾Mt.Arisan,0914-03,B.Hayata s.n.( non vidi)。
P.keitaoensis Yamamoto,Suppl.Ic.Pl.Formos.1: 15,cum tab.1925.Holotype:台湾Keitao et Goshorin,1916-04,B.Hayata s.n.( non vidi).
P.menglianensis Y.Y.Qian in Acta Phytotax.Sin.37( 5) : 523,fig.1.1999.Isotype:云南孟连,alt.2 000 m,0992-04-29,钱义咏2563( PE)。
P.heteroloba auct.non Wedd.: W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 59.1980,p.m.p.quoad H.T.Tsai 51824 et C.W.Wang 78418 ; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 176.1995,p.p.quoad syn.Pellionia griffithiana Wedd.; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 245.1997,p.p.quoad pl.62: 3-6.; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 126.2003,p.p.quoad syn.Pellionia griffithiana Wedd.et P.menglianensis Y.Y.Qian.
21a.var.griffithiana
分布:我国云南、广西、广东、台湾;越南;老挝;印度东北部、印度尼西亚(爪哇)。
标本登录:云南贡山,独龙江队4532;景东,哀牢山,周仕顺1471;勐海,中苏考察团5119;景洪,王启无78415;蒙自,王启无83433,A.Henry 11405;个旧,税玉民等14388;屏边,蔡希陶52440,61828,王启无82942;砚山,王启无84795;文山,蔡希陶51824;马关,蔡希陶51912,冯国楣13668,税玉民等30781,31380,31656;绿春,陶德定313,857,税玉民等70434;麻栗坡,王启无86866,冯国楣13968;河口,税玉民等10641;金平,武素功等3164,4448。广西那坡,覃海宁等2175;靖西,韦毅刚g054;百色,百色队1477;凌云,华南队1573;田林,韦毅刚0736;天峨,北京队890335。广东深圳,田心山,韦毅刚,温放1120。
21b.无毛茎南亚赤车(变种)
var.glabricaulis W.T.Wang,var.nov.Holo type:云南( Yunnan) :绿春( Luchun),alt.800 m,2000-10-23,税玉民,陈文红等( Y.M.Shui,W.H.Chen et al) 14123( PE)。
P.heteroloba auct.non Wedd.: W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 59.1980,p.p.quoad L.Deng 8077.
A var.griffithiana differt caulibus glabris vel subglabris,foliorum laminis subtus glabris,nervis secundariis paucioribus 4 latere angustiore 5-6 latere latiore,stipulis minoribus subulatis 3-4 mm longis ca.0.1 mm latis.In var.griffithiana,caules densissime minute appresso-brunneolo-puberuli,pilis 0.1-0.2 mm longis ; foliorum laminae subtus ad nervos puberulae,nervis secundariis 5-6 latere angustiore et 6-8 latere latiore; et stipulae majores anguste trangulari-lineares,5.5-12 mm longae,0.7-1.2 mm latae sunt.
分布:云南、广西、广东。
标本登录:云南腾冲,alt.2 400 m,1955-07-10,吴征镒等( C.Y.Wu et al) 867;景东,无量山( Jingdong,Wuliang Shan),alt.2 800 m,1956-11-12,邱炳云( B.Y.Qiou) 53370;南涧,无量山( Nanjian,Wuliang Shan),alt.2 232 m,2012-05-22,刘恩德( E.D.Liu) 3534 ;绿春( Luchun),alt.1 600 m,2006-03-10,税玉民,陈文红等70298;金平( Jinping),alt.2 600 m,1996-09-30,武素功等( S.K.Wu et al) 3693。广西那坡,德孚保护区( Napo,Defu nature reserve),alt.1 400 m,1998-11-03,覃海宁等( H.N.Qin et al) 2096;百色,大王岭( Baise,Dawangling),2009-03-21,韦毅刚,温放( Y.G.Wei&F.Wen) 1186。广东新丰( Xinfeng),alt.650 m,1958-10-14,邓良( L.Deng) 8077.
本变种的茎无毛或近无毛,叶片下面无毛,二级脉较少,在叶狭侧4条,在宽侧5-6条,托叶较小,呈钻形,长3-4 mm,宽约0.1 mm而与南亚赤车不同。在南亚赤车,茎被极密而贴伏的淡褐色极短毛(毛长0.1-0.2 mm),叶片下面在脉上被短毛,二级脉在叶狭侧5-6条,在宽侧6-8条,托叶较大,狭三角状条形,长5.5-12 mm,宽0.7-1.2 mm。
21c.疏毛南亚赤车(变种)
var.laxivillosa W.T.Wang,var.nov.Holotype:云南( Yunnan)福贡( Fugong),alt.2 000 m,林中( in forest),1934-10-21,蔡希陶( H.T.Tsai) 58874( PE).
P.heteroloba auct.non Wedd.: W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 59.1980,p.p.quoad H.T.Tsai 58874 et C.W.Wang 72294.
A var.griffithana differt caulibus pilis sparsis albis tenuibus( 0.5-) 1-2 mm longis obtectis,foliorum laminis subtus glabris,nervis secundariis paucioribus 3-4 latere angustiore et 4-6 latere latiore,stipulis minoribus subulatis 2-4 mm longis 0.1-0.2 mm latis.
分布:云南特有变种。
标本登录:云南福贡( Fugong),alt.2 300 m,1934-09-17,蔡希陶( H.T.Tsai) 54276 ; Lu-se,alt.1750 m,1934-03-02,蔡希陶( H.T.Tsai) 56382;镇康( Zhenkang) alt.2 200-2 700 m,1936-03,王启无( C.W.Wang) 72294,72421,72553;普文,瘴气河( Puwne,Zhangqi River),alt.1 060 m,密林中石上( on rocks in dense forest),1957-04-01,中苏考察团( Sino-Russian Exped.) 3008。
本变种的茎疏被白色细长柔毛[毛长( 0.5-) 1.0 -2 mm],叶片下面无毛,二级脉较少,在叶狭侧3-4条,在叶宽侧4-6条,托叶较小,呈钻形,长2-4 mm,宽0.1-0.2 mm,而与南亚赤车相区别。
21d.少脉南亚赤车(变种)
var.paucinervis W.T.Wang,var.nov.Holotype:江西上犹,陵水树木园( Shangyou,Lingshui arboretum),alt.300 m,竹林中( in bamboo thicket),2007-11-01,赣南采集队( S.Jiangxi Exped.) 928( PE).
A var.griffithiana differt caulibus tantum prope apicem retrose albo-strigosis ( pilis 0.2-0.4 mm longis),folio nervis secundariis 4-jugatis praedito,stipulis minoribus subulatis 3-4 mm longis 0.1-0.2 mm latis.
分布:江西上犹特有变种。
本变种的茎只在近顶部被白色反曲糙伏毛(毛长0.2-0.4 mm),叶有4对二级脉,托叶较小,呈钻形,长3-4 mm,宽0.1-0.2 mm,而与南亚赤车相区别。
22.华南赤车图5: E-F
图5 A-D.翅茎赤车 A.叶和雌聚伞花序; B,C.雌花被片; D.瘦果(仿刘寿养,1983)。E-F.华南赤车 E.叶; F.宿存雌花被和瘦果(据温放070506B)。G-I.云南赤车 G.叶; H.宿存雌花被和瘦果; I.瘦果(税玉民等11636)。J-M.大叶赤车 J.叶; K.雌花; L.瘦果; M.雄花(仿王文采,1995)。N-P.羽脉赤车 N.叶和雌聚伞花序; O.宿存雌花被和瘦果; P.瘦果(据isotype)。Q-S.两广赤车Q.叶和雌聚伞花序; R.宿存花被和瘦果; S.瘦果(仿Wei&Wang,2010)。Fig.4 A-D.Pellionia caulialata A.Leaf and pistillate cyhme; B,C.Pistillate tepals; D.Achene( after S.Y.Liu,1983).E-F.P.grijsii E.Leaf; F.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from F.Wen 070506B).G-I.P.yunnanensis G.Leaf; H.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene( from Y.M.Shui et al 11636).J-M.P.macrophylla J.Leaf; K.Pistillate flower,L.Achene; M.Staminate flower( after Wang,1995).N-P.P.incisoserrata N.Leaf and pistillate cyme; O.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene; P.Achene( from isotype).Q-S.P.ronganensis Q.Leaf and pistillate cyme; R.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene; S.Achene( after Wei&Wang,2010).
Pellionia grijsii Hance in J.Bot.6: 49.1868 et 12: 262.1874; C.H.Wright in J.Linn.Soc.Bot.26: 481.1899; W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 61.1980; C.J.CenginFl.Fujian.1:467.1982; W.T.Wang in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 178,pl.37: 1-2.1995; X.W.Lin in Fl.Yunnan.7: 252.1997; B.G.Li in Fl.Hunan 2: 289.2000; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 126.2003,p.p.excl.syn.P.funingensis W.T.Wang; Y.Z.Ruan in Fl.Guangdong 6: 81.2005; W.T.Wang in Fl.Guangxi 2: 846.2005; Y.M.Shui&W.H.Chen,Seed Pl.Karst Reg.China 1: 102,fig.255.2006; Q.M.Hu in Fl.Hong Kong 1: 123,fig.90.2007.Holotype:福建1861,C.F.M.Grijs 6704( BM,non vidi; photo,PE)。Fig.5: E-F
Elatostema griffithianumauct.non ( Wedd.) Hall.f.: H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov Regni Veg.Beih.83( 2) : 76.1936,p.p.quoad syn.Pellionia grijsii Hance.
Pellionia griffithiana auct.non Wedd.: Fl.Hainan.2: 406.1965.
分布:云南南部和东南部、广西、海南、广东、福建、江西西部、湖南、贵州东南部。
标本登录:云南思茅,周仕顺972;西畴,王启无35991。广西那坡,覃海宁等556;大新,李振宇等86;扶绥,陈少卿12064;武鸣,韦毅刚AM6395;横县,陈照宙503460;金秀,覃海宁68;融水,北京队891722,温放070506B;百色,华南分队2142;临桂,花坪队H0451;环江,北京队895009。海南保亭,吊罗山队3135;陵水,海南东队920;安定,黄志35348;白沙,海南东队632。广东鼎湖山,钟观光1007;清远,黄志161447;增城,曾怀德20178;新丰,邓良8081;翁源,韦毅刚,温放1017;连平,卫兆芬120063。福建南靖,厦大采集队937。江西井冈山,熊杰3193。湖南桂东,湖南队A183;道县,黄向旭10025;永兴,王福德s.n。贵州荔波,邵青,段林东62。
23.云南赤车图5: G-I
Pellionia yunnanensis( H.Schröter) W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 61.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 179.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 249,pl.63: 1-3.1997; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 126.2003.——Elatostema yunnanense H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2) : 79,tab.29.1936.Type:云南蒙自之南,alt.1 700 m,A.Henry 9163D( holotype,B; isotypes,E,K,non vidi)。Fig.5: G-I
Supplenmentary description to the original one, with the infructescences,persistent pistillate tepals and achenes described for the first time.: Infructescences singly axillary,depressed-globose,4-10 mm in diam.,densely multi-flowered; peduncles 1-4 mm long,glabrous; bracts numerous,narrowly triangular-linear or narrowly linear,1-2×0.1-0.15 mm,glabrous.Pistillate flower’s tepals 4,persistent,whitish,unequal in size,glabrous,3-4 larger,linear-navicular,0.8-1 mm long,abaxially below apex long corniculate,with horn-like projections 0.8-1 mm long,other 1-2 tepals smaller,flat,narrowly lanceolate-linear,0.7-1.1 mm long.Achenes brown,long ellipsoid,ca.1×0.4 mm,minutely tuberculate.( from Y.M.Shui et al 11636)
本种的模式标本A.Henry 9163D为雄株,因此原始描述中缺雌花序,雌花和瘦果的描述,最近看到采自云南,河口,大围山的税玉民等11636号标本为雌株,遂对其果序、宿存雌花被片和瘦果做出如上补充描述。
分布:云南东南部特有种。
标本登录:云南绿春,黄连山,武素功等2040(♂) ;河口,万丈崖,税玉民等10907(♂) ;河口,大围山,税玉民11636(♀) ;马关,古林菁,税玉民等31070(♂) ;屏边,蔡希陶61140(♂),冯国楣5108(♂) ;麻栗坡,王启无86850(♂),王印政等4840(♂)。
系5.大叶赤车系ser.Macrophyllae W.T.Wang,ser.nov.Type: P.macrophylla W.T.Wang.
Series nova haec est affinis ser.Griffithianis W.T.Wang,a qua acheniis longitudinaliter dense lineolatis differt.
Reduced leaves absent.Stems not winged.Leaves penninerved; stipules subulate or narrowly linear.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,of them 2-3 larger,abaxially below apex long cornitulate.Achenes longitudinally densely lineolate.
1种。
24.大叶赤车图5: J-M
Pellionia macrophylla W.T.Wang in Acta Bot.Yunnan.5( 3) : 271,fig.1.1983; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 181,pl.40.1995; X.W.Li in Fl.Yunnan.7: 249,pl.63: 6-7.1997; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 127.2003.Type:云南绿春,alt.2 000 m,1973-10-15,陶德定845( holotype,KUN; isotype,PE),857( paratype,KUN),1973-09-09,141,195( paratypes,KUN).Fig.5: J-M
分布:云南东南部、广西西部。
标本登录:云南金平,武素功等4301;河口,税玉民778,1031;马关,古林菁,税玉民,陈文红,盛家舒30763;砚山,王启无84988。广西那坡,覃海宁等2270;百色,百色队1508。
组3.羽脉赤车组sect.Leiolaena W.T.Wang,sect.nov.Type: P.incisoserrata ( H.Schröter) W.T.Wang。
Sectio nova haec est affinis sect.Elatostemoidibus ( C.B.Robinson) W.T.Wang**,a qua foliis penninervibus,foliis reductis absentibus,raro praesentibus differt.
Leaves shortly petiolate or sessile,with dentate margins,penninerved.Reduced leaves absent,rarely present.Pistillate inflorescences cymose.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,rarely 4 or 3,abaxially usually lacking any projections,rarely below apex shortly corniculate.A-chenes smooth or tuberculate,rarely lineolate and minutely tuberculate.
我国有7种,根据瘦果和退化叶等特征被划分为4系。
系1.羽脉赤车系ser.Incisoserratae W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 63.1980; et in FL.Reip.Pop.Sin.23 ( 2) : 181.1995,p.p.excl.P.macrophylla W.T.Wang; Yahara in J.Fac.Sci.Univ.Tokyo,Sect.3,Bot.13( 4) : 386.1984.Type: P.incisoserrata( H.Schröter) W.T.Wang。
Reduced leaves abaent.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,rarely 4,all lacking any projections.Achenes minutely tuberculate.
2种。
25.羽脉赤车图5: N-P
Pellionia incisoserrata( H.Schröter) W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 63.1980; in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 183,pl.41: 1-5.1995; et in Fl.Guangxi 2: 847.2005.——Elatostema incisoserratum H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83 ( 2) : 90,tab.27.1936.Type:广东乳源,1933-05-10,高锡朋S.P.Ko 52629( holotype,W,non vidi,photo,PE; isotype,IBSC)。Fig.5: N-P
分布:广西、广东北部。
标本登录:广西巴马,甲篆,韦毅刚AM6465;融水,温放070505。广东翁源,韦毅刚,温放1015。
26.两广赤车图5: Q-S
Pellionia ronganensis W.T.Wang&Y.G.Wei in Nordic.J.Bot.28: 54,fig.2010.Type:广西融安,浮石镇,Shangliuliao village,alt.200 m,2009-04-28,韦毅刚09185( holotype,PE; isotype,IBK)。Fig.5: Q-S
P.tenuicuspis W.T.Wang,Y.G.Wei&F.Wen in Ann.Bot.Fennici 49: 190,fig.2.2012,syn.nov.
Type:广东乳源,Luoyang Town,Tianjingshan Mount,alt.408 m,2010-03-08,韦毅刚,温放1019( holotype,IBK,non vidi; isotype,PE) ;同地,alt.410 m,2011-03-10,韦毅刚,温放1103( paratype,IBK,non vidi)。
分布:广西北部、广东北部。
系2.光果赤车系ser.Leiocarpae W.T.Wang in Guihaia 2( 3) : 115.1982; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23 ( 2) : 183.1995,p.p.excl.P.brachyceras W.T.Wang.Type: P.leiocarpa W.T.Wang。
Reduced leaves present.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,abaxially lacking any projections or below apex with short projections.Achenes smooth.
1种。
27.光果赤车图6: A-C
Pellionia leiocarpa W.T.Wang in Guihaia 2( 3) : 115,fig.1-4.1982; in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 183,pl.42: 1-4.1995; in Fl.Guangxi 2: 847,fig.344: 1-4.2005; et in Bull.Bot.Res.*
Harbin 26( 1) : 15.2006; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5:127.2003; Y.M.Shui&W.H.Chen,Seed Pl.Karst Reg.China 1: 102,fig.253.2006.Holotype:广西那坡,百都,弄花,alt.1 100 m,1981-08-21,方鼎,覃德海,王振刚25142( GXMI)。Fig.6: A-C * Pellionia Gaudich.sect.Elatostemoides ( C.B.Robinson ) W.T.Wang,st.et comb.nov.——Gen.Elatostemoides C.B.Robinson in Philip.J.Sci.Bot.5( 6) : 497,1910.——Elatostema Forster subgen.Elatostemoides( C.B.Robinson) H.Schröter in Repert.Sp.Nov.Regni Veg.Beih.83( 1) : 2.1935; ( 2) : 2,8,92.1936.Lectotype: P.rostrata ( Hall.f.) Boerl.,here designated.
Leaves shortly petiolate or sessile,usually with dentate margins,trinerved or semi-triplinerved,with lateral basal nerve at leaf narrow side extending upwards nearly to leaf apex.Redueed leaves usually present,rarely absent.Pistillate inflorescnes cymose.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,abaxially lacking any projections or below apex shortly corniculate.Achenes usually smooth.
Forty five species,wide-spread in tropical islands of SE Asia and SW Oceania.
图6 A-C.光果赤车 A.茎顶部; B.宿存雌花被和瘦果; C.瘦果(仿王文采,1995)。D-E.短角赤车 D.开花茎顶部; E.雌花(仿王文采,1995)。F-H.龙州赤车 F.具二叶的分枝; G.果序; H.瘦果(仿王文采,2010)。I-K.东兰赤车 I.叶; J.雌聚伞花面,下面观; K.雌花(仿王文采,2010)。L-N.柔毛齿车 L.叶; M.果序; N.瘦果(仿王文采,2014)。O-R.头序赤车 O.三叶和三雌头状花序; P.雌头状花序,下面观; Q.雌花(仿王文采,2010) ; R.瘦果(据李明红,旷月秋841)。Fig.6 A-C.Pellionia leiocarpa A.Apical part of stem; B.Persistent pistillate perianth and achene; C.Achene( after Wang,1995).DE.P.brachyceras D.Apical part of flowering pistillate stem; E.Pistillate flower( after Wang,1995).F-H.P.longzhouensis F.A branch with two leaves; G.Infructescence; H.Achene( after Wang,2010).I-K.P.donglanensis I.Leaf; J.Pistillate cyme,seen from beneath; K.Pistillate flower( after Wang,2010).L-N.P.mollissima L.Leaf; M.Infructescence; N.Achene( after Wang,2014).O-R.P.cephaloideaO.Three leaves and three pistillate capitula; P.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; Q.Pistillate fower( after Wang,2010).R.Achene( from M.H.Li&Y.Q.Kuang 841).
分布:云南东南部、广西西部;越南北部。
标本登录:云南河口,税玉民,陈文红等20612;麻栗坡,税玉民,陈文红等20376,吴增源等10395;马关,古林菁,税玉民等30804。广西那坡,中植联广西队4125;靖西,韦毅刚,温放1171;凌云,韦毅刚101;乐业,韦毅刚g102。Vietnam Tam Dao保护区,韦毅刚v-36。
系3.短角赤车系ser.Brachycerates W.T.Wang,ser.nov.Type: P.brachyceras W.T.Wang.Series nova haec est affinis Ser.Leiocarpis W.T.Wang,a qua foliis reductis nullis differt。
Reduced leaves absent.Pistillate flower’s tepals 3 -5,abaxially lacking any projections,rarely with short projections.Achenes smooth.
3种。
28.短角赤车图6: D-E
Pellionia brachyceras W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 3 ( 3) : 185,fig.2-3.1983; in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 185,pl.42: 5-6.1995; et in Fl.Guangxi 2: 846.2005; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 127.2003.Holotype:广西隆林,大吼豹自然保护区,alt.1 420 m,1984-11-10,梁健英,覃民府K0442 ( IBK)。Fig.6: D-E
分布:广西西北部特有种。
标本登录:广西隆林,大吼豹自然保护区,韦毅刚,温放g081。
29.龙州赤车图6: F-H
Pellionia longzhouensis W.T.Wang in Guihaia 30( 1) : 3,fig.2: A-C,1020.Holotype:广西龙州,高山村,板闭,alt.330 m,2005-05-11,税玉民,陈文红,张美德B2005-043( PE)。Fig.6: F-H
分布:广西龙州特有种。
30.东兰赤车图6: I-K
Pellionia donglanensis W.T.Wang in Guihaia 30 ( 1) : 1,fig.1.2010.Holotype:广西东兰,波豪乡,alt.300 m,石灰岩山山洞口,2004-02-18,税玉民,陈文红B2004-434( PE)。Fig.6: I-K
分布:广西东兰特有种。
系4.柔毛赤车系ser.Mollissimae W.T.Wang,ser.nov.Type: P.mollissima W.T.Wang。
Series nova haec acheniis longitudinaliter dense lineolatis et minute tuberulatis a seriebus tribus ceteris sectionis Leiolaenae distat.
Reduced leaves absent.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,abaxially lacking any projections.Achenes longitudinally densely lineolate and minutely tuberculate.
1种。
31.柔毛赤车图6: L-N
Pellionia mollissima W.T.Wang in Guihaia 34 ( 1) : 1,fig.1.2014.Holotype:广西龙州,金龙,alt.250 m,石灰岩山林中,2003-09-15,税玉民,陈文红B2003-038( PE)。Fig.6: L-N
分布:广西龙州特有种。
组4.头序赤车组sect.Elatostematopsis W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6: 64.1980; in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 185.1995; et in Guihaia 31( 1) : 2.2011.Type: P.cephaloidea W.T.Wang。
Leaves sessile or very shortly petiolate,with dentate margins,trinerved vel semi-triplinerved,with lateral basal nerve at leaf narrow side extending upwards slightly surpassing the leaf middle.
Reduced leaves present or absent.Pistillate inflorescences capitate,with discoidreceptacles and involucres.Pistillate flower’s tepals 5,subaequal in size,longer than ovary,lanceolate or narrowly oblong,lacking any projections or abaxially below apex shortly corniculate.Achenes ellipsoid or globose,tuberculate or longitudinally ribbed and minutely tuberculate.
2种,我国有1种。
32.头序赤车图6: O-R
Pellionia cephaloidea W.T.Wang in Bull.Bot.Lab.N.-E.Forest.Inst.6 64.1980; et in Fl.Reip.Pop.Sin.23( 2) : 185,pl.38: 1-3.1995; B.G.Li in Fl.Hunan 2: 289.2000; W.T.Wang in Guihaia 31 ( 2) : 2,fig.1.2011.Holotype:湖南衡山,1925-06-08,湖南博物馆s.n.( PE)。
P.scabraauct.non Benth.: Q.Lin,L.D.Duan&M.H.Li in Acta Phytotax.Sin.40( 5) : 178.2002,p.p.quoad syn.P.cephaloidea W.T.Wang; Q.Lin et al in Fl.China 5: 124.2003,p.p.quoad syn.P.cephaloidea W.T.Wang.
Supplementary description to the original one,with the achenes described for the first time.Achenes yellowish-white,globose,ca.0.8 mm in diam.,longitudinally 5-ribbed and minutely tuberculate.( from M.H.Li&Y.Q.Kuang 841)
分布:湖南衡山特有种。
标本登录:湖南衡山,玉板桥,alt.350 m,1996-03-14,夏江林59;同地,半山亭,alt.600 m,2003-05-03,李明红,旷月秋841。
致谢蒙傅德志教授,杨永博士和杨志荣博士提供一些种的模式标本照片和文献,孙英宝先生为本文绘图,作者谨表示衷心感谢。
参考文献:
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CLC number: Q949.71Document code: AArticle ID: 1000-3142(2016)01-0030-14
Notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) from China (IV). the identity and revision of sect. Infossae
CEN Jia-Meng1, JIN Shui-Hu2, JIN Xiao-Feng1*
( 1. College of Life & Environmental Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310036,China; 2. School of Foresrty and Bio-technology,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Lin’an 311300,China )
containing two species with one variety: C. infossa var. infossa,C. infossa var. extensa and C. minuticulmis. According to the sectional description,fifteen additional species and two varieties should be placed in this section. Based upon literature survey,specimen examination,field work,and SEM observation of perigynia and achenes,a concise table of different treatments between Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China was provided,as well as the morphological characters distinguishing these taxa and micromorphology of perigynia and achenes for the selected taxa were compared. Among the diagnostic characters,arrangement of spikes and perigynium indumentum are inseparable from each other,and two species in sect. Infossae are consequently recognized in the present paper. Carex elmeri,C. granifera,C. minuticulmis,C. shanghaiensis,C. blinii subsp. shanghaiensis,C. sublateralis,C. taihokuensis and C. tatsutakensis were synonymized to C. blinii. Carex canaliculata,C. changmuensis,C. distantiflora,C. infossa,C. infossa var. extensa,C. lateralis,C. loheri,C. longerostrata var. exaristata,C. longerostrata var. hoi,C. lyi,C. macrandrolepis,
C. sharyotensis were reduced as synonyms to C. oxyphylla.
作者简介:王文采( 1926-),男,研究员,中国科学院院士,植物分类学家,长期从事有花植物分类学研究。
收稿日期:2015-09-17修回日期: 2015-10-28
DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201509011
中图分类号:Q949
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-3142( 2016) 01-0001-29