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国外小麦种质资源抗白粉病和赤霉病评价

2016-01-08杨立军朱展望汪华张学江佟汉文李明菊焦春海

湖北农业科学 2015年23期
关键词:国外种质资源抗病性

杨立军+朱展望+汪华+张学江+佟汉文+李明菊+焦春海

摘要:为了拓宽和丰富小麦种质资源遗传多样性,提高小麦抗性、产量和品质,对国外引进的122份小麦种质资源进行了温室苗期和田间成株期抗白粉病、抗赤霉病鉴定与评价。结果表明,有4份材料苗期和成株期对白粉病均表现为免疫,3份材料苗期和成株期均表现为高抗,11份材料具有明显的成株期抗性;有3份材料对赤霉病表现为高抗,10份材料为中抗,其中有4份材料兼抗白粉病和赤霉病。整体而言,埃及和津巴布韦材料白粉病相对抗性较好,来自墨西哥国际玉米改良中心的大部分材料成株期具有白粉病抗性,这些材料对于改善中国小麦对白粉病和赤霉病的抗性具有一定的实践应用价值。

关键词:小麦; 种质资源; 国外; 抗病性; 评价

中图分类号:S435.121.4;S512.1        文献标识码:A       文章编号:0439-8114(2015)23-5918-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.031

Resistance Evaluation of Foreign Wheat Germplasm to

Powdery Mildew and Fusarium Head Blight

YANG Li-jun1a,ZHU Zhan-wang1b,WANG Hua1a,ZHANG Xue-jiang1a,

TONG Han-wen1b,LI Ming-ju2,JIAO Chun-hai1

(1.a.Institute for Plant Protection and Soil Science;b. Institute of Crops Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064,China;2. Institute of Environmental Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205,China)

Abstract: In order to broaden and enrich the genetic diversity of wheat germplasm resources and to improve the resistance, yield and quality of local wheat,122 wheat germplasms were introduced and evaluated on the seedling resistance to powdery mildew in greenhouse and adult resistance to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight in field. The results indicated that there were 4 germplasms immune and 3 germplasms high resistance to powdery mildew both at seedling and adult stage, and 11 germplasms showed significant adult resistance to powdery mildew. Three and 10 germplasms were high resistance and middle resistance to fussarium head blight, respectively. Four out of the 13 germplasms had good resistance both to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight. Over all, the resistance of material came from Egyptian and Zimbabwe better than that from the other country and the most materials from the CIMMIT of Mexico contain adult resistance to powdery mildew. All of the above material with good resistance could be valuable resources for improving the resistance of local wheat to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight.

Key words: wheat; germplasm resources; foreign; disease resistance; evaluation

种质资源的遗传多样性对小麦遗传改良具有重要作用,然而现代育种导致小麦遗传多样性降低, 使小麦改良的遗传基础越来越狭窄[1]。研究表明,不同区域小麦种质资源的遗传特点及遗传基础具有明显差异性[2]。从不同区域引进小麦种质资源对于改良本区域小麦的产量、品质和抗逆性等性状,丰富本区域小麦种质资源的遗传变异具有重要作用。湖北地处长江中游,有着从亚热带向暖温带过渡的典型气候特征,致使赤霉病、白粉病、条锈病等病害常年单一或混合严重发生,成为影响小麦高产的制约因素之一[3]。佟汉文等[4,5]对湖北省农作物种质资源库保存的874份小麦种质资源、杨立军等[6,7]和朱展望等[8]等对湖北省2008年以来审定的品种和后备材料对条锈病和赤霉病的鉴定评价结果均表明,湖北选育和拥有的种质资源遗传相对单一、抗性来源狭窄问题突出。本研究以小麦白粉病和赤霉病为靶标,对从非洲引进的122份小麦种质资源进行了抗小麦白粉病和赤霉病的接种鉴定,以期获得抗性好且农艺性状优良的种质,为今后生产和育种中直接或间接利用提供理论依据。endprint

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