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早孕期血清25-OH-VitD与子宫动脉PI联合检测对早发型重度子痫前期预测价值的研究

2015-12-27尹昕侯延庆

中国继续医学教育 2015年28期

尹昕 侯延庆

早孕期血清25-OH-VitD与子宫动脉PI联合检测对早发型重度子痫前期预测价值的研究

尹昕 侯延庆

目的 研究早孕期血清25-OH-VitD水平与子宫动脉PI联合检测对早发型重度子痫前期(EOSP)的预测价值。方法 选择2013 年1月~2015年1月在我院门诊早孕期建卡的初次单胎妊娠无合并症的妇女5 000例作为研究对象,孕周为8~13周+6天,用化学发光法进行血清维生素D(25-OH-VitD)水平检测,并记录入选者在孕11~13周+6天测NT时行双侧子宫动脉PI值的测定。共有1 748例孕妇完成研究,规律产检并在我院分娩。实验分组:A组维生素D水平正常+PI<2.4;B组维生素D水平缺乏+PI<2.4;C组维生素D水平正常+PI>2.4;D组;维生素D水平缺乏+PI>2.4;比较4组EOSP发病率。结果 EOSP患者早孕期血清维生素D缺乏者为96%,低于正常孕妇,而PI值高于正常组,P<0.05。EOSP发病率D组最高,A组最低,均与其它三组差异明显,P<0.05。B与C组无明显差异。结论 早孕期维生素D缺乏可能是EOSP发病的独立危险因素。早孕期血清维生素D与子宫动脉PI联合检测对EOSP发病有较好的预测价值。【关键词】早发型重度子痫前期;血清25-OH-VitD;子宫动脉PI值

早发型重度子痫前期(Early-Onset Severe Preeclampsia,EOSP)是孕34周前发病的子痫前期,病情重,母胎预后差,目前认为是一种胎盘源性疾病,即在早孕期胎盘形成阶段滋养细胞浸润能力不足,使子宫螺旋动脉的血管重铸过程发生障碍,导致胎盘浅着床,缺血缺氧以致释放一些毒性因子,从而引发子痫前期的临床表现,终止妊娠是唯一治愈的手段。目前尚无独立可靠

的预测方法。有研究认为,孕期母体维生素D缺乏可能为EOSP发病的独立危险因素[1]。子宫动脉血流反应子宫胎盘循环阻抗,多普勒子宫动脉搏动指数(uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index,UtAD-PI)是子宫动脉阻力评价的指标,研究表明,孕11~13周+6天行UtAD-PI检测对EOSP的发生有很大的预测价值[2]。本文旨在通过早孕期血清维生素D水平和UtAD-PI值联合检测,探讨其对EOSPE的预测价值,为临床早期预防提供依据。

表1 早孕期各组U tAD-PI、25-OH-VitD水平的比较

表2 各组EOSP发病率的比较

1 资料与方法

1.1 临床资料

选取2013年1月~2015年1月在我院建卡的初次单胎早期妊娠妇女5 000例,一般资料包括年龄、身高、体重,孕周为[(8~13)±6]周,据末次月经推算并B超核实孕龄。排除高血压及肾病等合并症。并记录入选者孕[(11~13)±6]周天测NT时行双侧UtAD-PI值测定。PI=2.4为临界值,参照文献[2]。EOSP诊断标准:20~34周间发病,参照丰有吉主编的8年制第2版《妇产科学》。血清25-OH-VitD水平定义:<20 ng/ml为缺乏,20~29 ng/m l为不足,≥30 ng/ml为充足[3]。

1.2 实验方法

1.2.1 对入选者抽取晨起空腹静脉血2 m l,送我院中心实验室用化学发光法测血清25-OH-VitD水平。

1.2.2 UtAD-PI值的测定 采用GE Voluson s8超声诊断仪,孕妇取仰卧位,产科预设条件。子宫动脉定位标准:首先在髂前上棘内侧,探头纵切探测到髂外动脉血流波形,然后将探头缓缓向内侧移动,即可测到低阻力血流的子宫动脉,置取样容积于子宫动脉上行支直至获得特征性子宫动脉血流频谱,选取清晰波形计算UtAD-PI值,每侧计算3次取平均PI值。

1.3 统计学处理

采用SPSS 15.0统计软件,计量资料用(均数±标准差)(x-±s)表示,两组间比较采用两样本均数t检验。计数资料用χ2检验和Fisher确切概率法;显著性检验水准为P<0.05。

2 结果

早孕妇女维生素D缺乏率63%(3 150 /5 000),1 748例完成本研究。EOSP发生率5.3%(94/1 748),维生素D缺乏者发病率6%(93/1 498),维生素D正常者0.4%(1/250)。回顾性比较EOSP者与正常对照组早孕期UtAD-PI与血清维生素D水平见表1。

2.2 各组EOSP发病率的比较

EOSP发病率D组最高,高于其它三组,A组最低,差异有显著性。B组与C组无明显差异,见表2。

3 讨论

3.1 维生素D缺乏与EOSP发病关系

子痫前期是产科常见并发症,发病率约5%[4],早发型发病率仅0.3%[5]。本研究EOSP发病率5.3%,可能与所选病例特殊,约86%为维生素D缺乏者。EOSP维生素D缺乏者发生率为6%,正常0.4%,差异显著。近年研究发现,母体低水平的维生素D和EOSP存在显著相关性[6],可增加其发病风险,适当补充维生素D可降低EOSP的风险[7-8]。早期维生素D缺乏增加EOSP发病风险的可能机制:EOSP者早孕期由于储存的维生素D减少,由其介导产生的VEGF减少,影响了子宫螺旋动脉的重铸,导致胎盘缺血缺氧,激发一系列后续反应而引起EOSP的发生[1]。

3.2 早孕期UtAD-PI 检测与预测EOSP发病关系

本研究显示EOSP组早孕期PI值较正常对照组升高,差异显著。最近一项涉及55 974例妇女早孕期UtAD-PI值预测不良妊娠结局的meta分析结论:早孕期UtAD-PI值>2.4时预测EOSP敏感性为47.8%,特异性为92.1%[2]。因此本文采用PI=2.4为临界值。

3.3 早孕期血清维生素D水平联合UtAD-PI值检测预测EOSP发病

本研究显示维生素D缺乏与UtAD-PI值增高组EOSP的发病率最高,高达63%,而两者均正常者发病率最低,为0.4%,单项异常者发病率均为15%左右,提示单项异常对EOSP发病均有预测作用,早孕期二者联合检测有较好地也测价值,可以提醒临床医生过早干预高危者,减少EOSP的不良结局。至于25-OH-维生素D预测EOSP的界值及敏感性特异性尚需要大样本多中心的临床研究。

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The Value of Prediction Study on Early-onset Severe Preeclampsia by Maternal Serum 25-OH-VitD Jointed With Uterine Artery Doppler Pulsatility Index in First-trimester Pregnancy

YIN Xin HOU Yanqing, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen 518052, China

ObjectiveTo study value o f p rediction study on earlyonset severe preeclampsia(EOSP)by maternal serum 25-OH-VitD jointed w ith uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index(UtAD-PI) in First-

25-OH-VitD, Onset early severe preeclampsia, Uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index

R 714

B

1674-9308(2015)28-0035-03

10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2015.28.025

518052深圳,广东医学院附属南山医院

深圳市南山区卫生科技资助项目(南科研卫2012024)

侯延庆,E-mail:oe77115faf4@163.com

trimester pregnancy.Methods5 000 early singleton pregnancy women w ith gestational age 8~13weeks+6days and w ithout any complications in our hospital outpatient department from January 2013 to January 2015 were involved.The levels of serum 25-OH-VitD w ere measured by chem ilum inescence method.And all pregnant women’s UtAD-PI were measured when nuchal translucency(NT) measured.Only 1 748 women went through the whole study.They were divided into 4 groups, Group A included patients w ith serum normal Vitam in D and PI<2.4,Group B w ith serum Vitam in D deficiency and PI<2.4, Group C w ith serum normal Vitam in D and PI>2.4, Group D w ith serum Vitam in D deficiency and PI>2.4.The occurrence rate was calculated in different groups.ResultsEOSP Patients w ith Vitam in D deficiency were 96%, The levels of serum 25-OH-VitD was significantly lower than in normal control group, And the value of PI was significantly higher in EOSP than normal group, P<0.05.The occurrence rate of EOSP in group D was highest and in group A is lowest, the difference had statistically significance, P<0.05.But group B and C had no significantly difference in occurrence rate of EOSP.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency in First-trimester is probably a Independent risk factor for EOSP patients.Serum 25-OH-VitDmeasuredjointed w ith UtAD-PI in First-trimester pregnancy could have better prediction value for EOSP.