铜与稀硝酸的反应改进实验
2015-12-18方嘉敏,衷明华
铜与稀硝酸的反应改进实验
方嘉敏衷明华
(韩山师范学院化学系,广东 潮州 521041)
摘要:由于铜与浓、稀硝酸的反应具有一定的危险性,故人教版高中化学必修I并没有要求学生做此实验,铜与稀硝酸的实验装置和操作步骤都比较复杂,本文对铜与稀硝酸的反应实验进行改进,采用微型实验便于教师演示和学生自己实验,根据每一步的实验现象引导学生思考,培养学生的实验探究能力。
关键词:铜与稀硝酸的反应微型实验高中化学注射器氢氧化钠溶液
一、实验原理
3Cu+8HNO3=3Cu(NO3)2+NO↑+4H2O
2NO+O2=2NO2
Cu(NO3)2+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaNO3
二、改进实验
1、实验仪器及实验药品
(1)药品:铜片、稀硝酸、NaOH溶液。
(2)仪器:注射器、小烧杯。
2、操作步骤:
(1)往针筒注射器里加入几片铜片,再吸取20ml左右稀硝酸溶液;
(2)待铜片完全溶解后,把注射器倒立吸入空气;
(3)反应完毕后,把注射器插入稀NaOH溶液中做尾气处理。
3、实验现象
(1)铜片溶解后吸入空气后气体会变成棕红色;
(2)反应完毕注射器插入稀NaOH溶液中会有蓝色沉淀产生。
4、实验装置
图 实验装置
三、改进后装置的优点
(1)采用微型实验,实验药品用量少,环保且安全,实验现象明显;
(2)实验仪器简单,实验时间较短,现象明显,适合教师在课堂上做演示实验,也适合学生自主进行实验;
(3)尾气得到处理,达到了绿色化学的理念。
Copper and dilute nitric acid reaction to improve the experiment
FANG Jia-minZHONG Ming-hua
(HanshanNomalUniversity,GuangdongChaozhou521041)
Abstract:Due to the copper and thick,thin nitric acid reaction has a certain risk,a friend of chemistry for high schools required did not require students to do the experiment,along with all the copper with dilute nitric acid experiment device and steps are complex,in this paper,the copper with dilute nitric acid reaction experiment was improved,using micro experiment is advantageous for the demonstration of the teachers and students themselves,according to guide the students to think about every step of the experiment phenomena,develop the students’ ability of experiment to explore.
Key Words:Copper with dilute nitric acid reactionmicro experimentalhigh school chemistrysyringesodium hydroxide solution