高中学生英语写作能力的有效提高

余信路

摘要：本文介绍高分书面表达的特点、失分的主要原因、以及如何有效提高英语写作能力的五点做法。

关键词：高中学生；写作能力；有效；提高

中图分类号：G633.4 文献标志码：B 文章编号：1674-9324（2015）13-0185-02

一、高分书面表达的特点

①审题正确；②要点全面；③结构合理；④词汇高级；⑤语法多样；⑥过渡自然；⑦满足词数；⑧卷面整洁；⑨标点正确；⑩书写规范。

二、失分的主要原因

1.审题错误，要点不全；2.语篇结构不完整；3.语法错误较多；4.书写不规范。

三、如何有效提高英语写作能力

第一，学会审题，使语篇结构完整。

常用三段论，使语篇结构完整。四种方法：

①看清题目、列出要点、标上序号；②罗列提纲、写出词语、适当添词；③确定文章类型；④确定人称和时态。

举例说明：（福建2014高考）

如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语（quotation），按要求用英语写一篇短文。

“Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.”

—Sir Winston，Churchill

内容要求：①你对该引语的理解；②你的相关经历；③恰当的结尾。

审题步骤如下：

（一）分析要点

1.你对该引语的理解：①Success；②ability；③failure；④go from one failure to another；⑤enthusiasm；⑥with no loss of enthusiasm；⑦Sir Winston，Churchill；⑧not get discouraged after failures；⑨keep trying；⑩continue efforts

2.你的相关经历：1）at the age of...；2）failed in...；3）not give up；4）won success

3.恰当结尾：1）difficult；2）stick

（二）罗列提纲

This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that...shouldn't get discouraged...keep trying with enthusiasm...Success consists in...continue efforts through failures.

At the age of twelve...got a bike...difficult to control...fell off the bike...give up...father encouraged...keep going...won success

we can't succeed in everything...stick at...

（三）用议论文

（四）用第一人称、现在时和过去时（文章略）

第二，学会用高级词汇。

“高级词汇”指高中词汇、初中词汇但旧词新义、高频词汇。用高级词汇能使文章更精彩。三种方法：

1.用较高级的同义词来替换普通词汇。如：

1）It will be very interesting.（It will be a lot of fun.）

2）This red T-shirts isnt suitable for you.（...doesnt match...）

2.用短语替换单词。如：

1）Take a moment to see what is happening around you.（...what is going on...）

2）Suddenly I had a good idea.（...I came up with a .../...a good idea occurred to me）

3.用高级词汇替换第一反应词。指的是在第一时间内所能想起的表达法。要替换为高级词汇。如：

cause—give rise to，lead to，result in

difficult for sb.—beyond sb./out of ones reach

end—come to an stop/bring sth.to a conclusion

good—favorable，perfect，excellent，outstanding

know—be aware of，be familiar with

very—fairly，rather，extremely，in the extreme，intensely

请把2014年全国大纲卷高考参考文章“十年后的我”的划线部分用高级词汇替换：

...I think my life will be very different in ten years...I hope Ill work... Ill enjoy my work and... Ill do a good job... Ill continue to...

替换词：In my opinion；of great difference；do hope；have a good time；favorable；go on。endprint

第三，学会用复杂多样的语法结构

评卷时特别在意多样性。要用较多较复杂的语法结构和名言警句来表达。三种方法：

1.运用复杂语法结构：固定句式、非谓语动词、主从复合句、改变句子开头等。这些复杂语法结构能使文章充满层次感。如：

1）固定句式.①感叹：How happy I was to have done a good deed！②倒装：Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.③强调：It was in the year 1932 that shooting came back into the Olympic family.④省略：You can make some changes wherever necessary.⑤对比：When I play，I feel excited，and after it，I feel relaxed.⑥复合：The larger the population is，the more difficult it is to find a job.

2）非谓语动词.①It is good manners for us to keep quiet in the reading-room.②Many teenagers sit at their computers all day long，watching their favorite TV shows.③Followed by many students，she walked out of the room.④Thirdly，having eye exercises in break time helps relaxing our eyes.

3）主从复合句.As we all know，every coin has two sides.

I think if you go there from time to time，you will feel good and more energetic.

4）改变句子开头.Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.

Hearing the bad news，the young man couldnt help crying.

2.名言警句。能使文章增色许多的名言警句常与如下句子一起使用。如：①One of the greatest early writers said，“Well begun is half done”.②“Knowledge is power”，such is the remark of...③“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”How often we hear such words like these. ④As the saying goes，All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

第四，学会正确使用连接词。

“评分标准”指出，书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”，并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。如：

1.并列：as well as，not only…but also，including，included等

2.对比：on one hand，on the other hand，on the contrary，for one thing；for another等

3.递进：besides，whats more，worse still，moreover，to make matters worse等

4.例证：in ones opinion，thats to say，for example，for instance，as a matter of fact等

5.时序：firstly，meanwhile，before long，ever since，while，at the same time，in the meantime，shortly after等

6.强调：especially，indeed，at least，What in the world/on earth，not at all等

7.因果：thanks to，as a result，because of/as a result of，with the help of，owe...to等

8.总结：in short；briefly/in brief；generally speaking，in a word，as is known to all等。

可设计成如下巩固练习——请用适当的连接词改写下列各句：①E-mail and（改为as well as）telephones are playing an important part in daily communication.

②His house was in bad condition. And（改为whats worse/ worse still）it began to rain heavily.③What（增加on earth）are you going to do this weekend？④（增加Generally speaking）Boys are stronger than girls.

第五，学会规范工整书写。

训练学生规范工整书写，并认真检查拼写、大小写、时态、语态、词性等，开头和结尾不要有明显的低级错误，以免造成差印象。六种训练方法：①用0.5mm黑色签字笔用力书写；②在英语四线格内书写字母，单词和句子；③用合适的词形、词间距、行间距和大小写；④用手写体写字，并统一向右倾斜15度；⑤规范删词、加词、改词和标点符号；⑥在规定的区域内答题。

总之，有效提高英语写作的能力还有许多未尽之处，希望借此抛砖引玉，共同探讨。

参考文献：

[1]余文森.课堂有效教学的理论与实践[M].北京师范大学出版，2011.

[2]陈琳，等.英语教学研究与案例[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2007.

[3]吕晓红.高中英语写作套路与演练[M].上海交通大学出版社，2004.endprint