四神丸合中药敷脐治疗肾阳虚衰型泄泻36例
2015-11-28洪如龙
洪如龙
(福建省泉州市急救指挥中心,泉州362000)
四神丸合中药敷脐治疗肾阳虚衰型泄泻36例
洪如龙
(福建省泉州市急救指挥中心,泉州362000)
目的观察四神丸合中药敷脐治疗肾阳虚衰型泄泻的临床疗效。方法将68例符合标准的肾阳虚衰型泄泻患者,随机分为治疗组36例、对照组32例,治疗组应用四神丸合中药吴茱萸粉敷脐治疗,对照组应用蒙脱散剂、双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗。结果治疗组36例,痊愈6例,显效14例,有效13例,无效3例,总有效率91.7%;对照组32例,痊愈3例,显效9例,有效10例,无效10例,总有效率68.8%,两组对比有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论四神丸合中药敷脐治疗肾阳虚衰型泄泻有显著疗效,值得临床推广应用。
四神丸;敷脐疗法;肾阳虚衰型;泄泻;外治法
泄泻首载于《内经》,是以排便次数增多,粪质稀溏或完谷不化,甚至泻出如水样为主症的病症。主要病机是脾虚湿盛,脾胃运化功能失调,肠道分清泌浊、传导功能失司。病理因素主要是湿,湿为阴邪,易困脾阳,病初多为实证,病久伤肾,由实转虚,肾阳亏虚,脾失温煦,不能腐熟水谷,而成命门火衰之晨起泄泻(或五更泄泻)。肾阳虚衰型泄泻在临床中极为常见,治疗较为困难,笔者临床应用四神丸合中药敷脐治疗肾阳虚衰型泄泻,取得良好疗效,现报告如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料68例均为门诊患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组36例,其中男22例,女14例;年龄40~75岁,平均年龄57.3岁;病程4~36周。对照组32例,其中男20例,女12例;年龄39~76岁,平均年龄58.2岁;病程5~38周。2组患者一般资料经统计学分析无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 诊断标准参照国家中医药管理局发布的《中医病证诊断与疗效判定标准》[1],所有患者临床主要表现为:晨起泄泻,大便清稀,或夹不消化食物,脐腹冷痛、喜温喜按,形寒肢冷,腰膝酸软,舌质淡胖、苔白,脉沉细。
1.3 纳入标准1)符合西医诊断标准。2)符合中医证侯诊断标准。
1.4 排除标准1)经检查证实为痢疾、霍乱,以及全身性疾病、中毒、寄生虫、恶性肿瘤等引起的腹泻。2)合并心脑血管、肝、肾、内分泌和造血系统严重原发性疾病,以及患有其他正在用药治疗影响试验药物观察的腹泻以外的疾病、精神病患者。3)妊娠和准备妊娠妇女、哺乳期妇女。4)过敏体质对本药过敏者。
1.5 治疗方法
1.5.1 治疗组以四神丸合中药敷脐治疗。基本方:吴茱萸6 g,补骨脂10 g,肉豆蔻6 g,五味子10 g,生姜6 g,大枣6 g;头晕、面色萎黄,或伴脱肛加黄芪、党参各30 g,白术10 g;形寒肢冷、腰膝酸软症状明显加附片、杜仲、巴戟天各10 g,每日1剂,水煎2次,早晚空腹服。中药敷脐以自制吴茱萸粉2 g,调盐水制成糊状,敷于脐部,敷贴范围3~4 cm,外用纱布覆盖固定,每日换药一次;10天为1疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。
1.5.2 对照组服用蒙脱散剂3 g/次,3次/d;双歧杆菌活菌制剂2粒/次,2次/d;10天为1疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。
2 结果
2.1 疗效标准参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》[2]治疗泄泻的疗效评定。临床痊愈:大便次数、量及性状恢复正常,伴随症状及体征消失;显效:大便次数每日2~3次,近似成形、或便溏而每日仅1次,伴随症状及体征总积分较治疗前减少70%以上;有效:大便次数和质有好转,伴随症状及体征总积分较治疗前减少35%以上;无效:未达到上述标准者。
2.2 治疗结果见表1。
表1 治疗组和对照组的治疗结果比较[例(%)]
3 讨论
肾藏精,为人体生长、发育、生殖之源,生命活动之根,为先天之本。泄泻之为病,与肾关系密切。肾者寓元阴元阳,乃五脏阴阳之本,脾之运化水谷精微,全赖肾之阳气温煦。肾阳虚衰,脾胃失去温煦,运化功能失常,水液代谢、气血运行出现障碍,则出现晨起泄泻,大便清稀,或夹不消化食物,脐腹冷痛、喜温喜按,形寒肢冷,腰膝酸软,舌质淡胖、苔白,脉沉细等症,故肾阳虚衰型泄泻在慢性泄泻患者中极为常见。《景岳全书·泄泻》:“盖肾为胃关,开窍于二阴,所以二便之开闭,皆肾脏之所主。今肾中阳气不足,则命门火衰而阴寒独盛,故于子丑五更之后,当则阳气未复,阴气盛极之时,即令人洞泄不止也。”。四神丸由《普济本事方》二神丸和五味子散二方组合而成。方中补骨脂辛苦大温,能补相火以通君火,使火旺乃能生土,《本草纲目》云其:“治肾泄,通命门,暖丹田,敛精神”,奏温肾暖脾之功而为君;吴茱萸温中散寒,肉豆蔻温脾暖胃,涩肠止泻为臣,二者相配,脾肾兼治,使命门火旺则脾阳得以健运,温阳涩肠之力相得益彰,五味子酸敛固涩,合生姜温胃散寒,大枣补脾养胃,共为佐使,全方共奏温肾暖脾,涩肠止泻之功。脐部为神阙穴所在地,神阙穴为十二经络之根,别称脐中、气舍、气合,属任脉,主治泄痢,绕脐腹痛,脱肛,五淋,妇人血冷不受胎,中风脱证等。用具有补肾散寒、助阳止泻之功的吴茱萸粉调盐水外敷于脐部,与四神丸内外同治,共同起到补肾温脾,温阳止泻之功。四神丸合吴茱萸粉敷脐治疗肾阳虚衰型泄泻,取得良好的疗效,值得临床推广应用。
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Sishen Pill combined with Drugs at the Umbilical Region on the Treatment of Diarrhea of Deficiency of the Kidney-Yang Type for 19 Cases
HONGRulong
(Quanzhouemergency Command Center,Fujian Province,Quanzhou362000,China)
Objective To observe the clinical effect of Sishen pill combined with drugs at the umbilical region on the treatment of diarrhea of deficiency of the kidney-yang type.Methods 68 cases of diarrhea of deficiency of the kidney-yang type patients meet the criteria,and they were randomly divided into the treatment group(36)and control group(32).The treatment group was treated by Sishen pill combined with drugs at the umbilical region.The control group used Smectite powder and Bifidobacterium.Results In the treatment group of 36 cases,6 cases cured,14 cases were significantly effective,13 cases were effective,3 cases invalid,and the total effective rate was 91.7%.In the control group of 32 cases,3 cases cured,9 cases were significantly effective,10 cases were effective,10 cases invalid,and the total effective rate was 68.8%.There was significant difference in the effect of the treatment between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Sishen pill combined with drugs at the umbilical region had significant effects on the treatment of diarrhea of deficiency of the kidney-yang type,and was worthy of clinical application.
Sishen pill;umbilical compress therapy;deficiency of the kidney-yang;diarrhea;external therapy
10.3969/j.issn.1672-2779.2015.10.018
1672-2779(2015)-10-0035-02
:张文娟本文校对:陈文鑫
2015-04-29)