法国前总理多米尼克·德维尔潘演讲

法国前总理多米尼克·德维尔潘演讲

全体会议

Plenary Session

主持人： 张晓强

MC: Zhang Xiaoqiang

中国国际经济交流中心常务副理事长

Permanent Vice Chairman and CEO, CCIEE

女士们先生们，各位嘉宾：

今天能够在此与大家共同探讨欧洲和中国的未来发展，我倍感欣喜。就未来发展而言，重庆在诸多方面可谓未来发展的象征：

● 重庆能代表我们在未来可持续性发展大城市时将要面对的共同挑战。欧洲和东亚都是世界上人口比较密集的地方。

● 重庆能代表中国的飞速发展，能代表中国向内陆发展、向增长和发展寻找新动力、向高科技高质量服务发展的趋势。

● 今天的会议在张高丽副总理的致辞中拉开帷幕。张高丽总理一直积极致力于国际金融和经济合作。欧洲和东亚的产量占全球的三分之一有余，这就是为什么今天的会议具有代表性，我们今天讨论的话题也具有重要意义。

一、我们现在处于全球化的交叉口，我们面对的不是混乱就是转型。

正如大家知道的，在过去三十年里，全球化走进了很多死胡同。

威胁全球经济的有很多不确定的“黑箱子”。2008年的经济危机就是一个警告。那么我们汲取全部的教训了吗？没有。今年，可能会有一场新的威胁上百万人民的危机出现。缓解上次经济危机采取的措施很有可能引发一场新的危机。美联储和欧洲中央银行采取的量化宽松政策制造了金融泡沫，一直将利率控制在很低的水平，使市场的流动性大大增加，股票市场资产膨胀并超过实际收益。在东亚也能看到一些令人担忧的现象，经济增长率跌至7%以下，能源消耗率也下降了8%。

交通和基础设施建设方面也存在一些瓶颈，进而诱发危机、导致不确定性因素。马六甲海峡承担了中国80%的海运，中国应将目光放在霍尔木兹海峡，这样可以避免产生交通交流混乱的风险。同样，通信和网络方面存在发展瓶颈，致使我们越来越难抵御黑客和网络恐怖主义。

政治方面的不稳定因素也在增长。全球化使国家、领土完整、领土主权的概念变淡，因为图像和媒体的全球化使不同身份背景的个体之间的关系紧张，让人们之间相互愤恨，并很有可能引发暴力。我们看到，不稳定的因素正在动摇世界的和平。今天，我们通过视频看到了叙利亚和伊拉克“伊斯兰国”的行径，他们的野蛮残暴行为完全出于憎恨，他们就像摇滚乐队一样不顾自己的形象，他们的行径完全是凶残的挑衅！我们看到，非洲萨赫勒地区和大湖区的危险与日俱增，未来几年很可能成为关注的热点。中亚地区也存在危险因素。伊斯兰教激进主义和恐怖主义正在从高加索地区到前苏联地区逐渐占领高地。这些不稳定因素引发了大量的人口迁移，无论是在非洲，还是在非洲与欧洲之间，这些人口迁移又制造了更多的不稳定和潜在的危机。这一切都可能引发对抗与交锋。

充满对抗的未来将会混乱不堪。

在这个依靠能源通信和贸易发展的世界，对抗是必不可少的一部分，也是世界秩序混乱的来源之一。和平成为大家的共同诉求，成为每个人的内在诉求。我们自己的和平和其他人的和平现在合而为一。这就是为什么当我们谈到境外军事干涉的时候要格外谨慎，我们需要在西方在中东进行的长达十年的军事干涉中汲取教训。

在这个越来越依赖媒体的政治世界，政治方面的不稳定已经难以避免。这是我们从“阿拉伯之春”中学到的，也是我们从非洲一些国家的不稳定中学到的。在长达一年多的时间里，这些国家的新一代和老一代领导有关权位争夺的冲突一直不断。这种情景出现在布基纳法索、布隆迪、刚果民主共和国。国际社会需要对这种虚实和威胁提高警惕，预先做出准备，而不是事后再去弥补。我们需要现在就讨论、去思考、去行动。在中亚也是如此，国际社会似乎正在默默等着灾难的发生，无动于衷。

然而从另一方面说，一个合作的未来将会是增长、就业、发展的保证。

建设基础设施会增加现在和未来的活跃性。这是这个行业的优势，能给我们带来累计的、正面的外部效应。欧洲国家的基础设施已经非常完善，需要我们充分利用过去几十年积累的经验和规模经济，开拓新的市场，建造最好的基础设施。

鉴于对抗的危险很大，我认为我们需要一支国际性的力量，发挥行政和司法的力量，支持国家和政治转型。这就是为什么联合国维和行动需要改革，组建新的力量、接收新的指令，允许他们在发生内战时能够长期驻扎。这也是为什么我们需要更多、更多样、更合法、更高效的全球治理。这就意味着，我们要改革联合国安全理事会，将他的话语权延伸到金融方面和环保方面。

二、欧洲和中国需要携手共克时艰。

欧洲和中国是当今世界面对风险最大的地区。

欧洲和亚洲是维护亚欧团结的重要链条。这两大洲是世界上经济规模最大、最独立同时也是人口最密集的区域。两大洲幅员辽阔，国家众多，而这些国家的基础设施都还不是很完善，人均收入也低于全球平均水平的60%。

不仅如此，欧洲和中国还都正在经历着重要但是艰难的转变。

欧洲因为债务、通货紧缩、工业模式的停滞而经历危机，因而很有必要找到推动经济增长的新引擎。同时，欧洲各国的边界问题频仍，大量难民涌入，这些难民在选组当中发挥的作用不可忽视，因而需要寻求新的解决动力。

中国目前正经历经济下行，这种趋势带来了质疑和不确定性。外向型经济向内向型经济自然过渡的时期，很有必要保持中国经济的稳定发展。所有的新兴市场国家都经历过这个时期。上世纪七八十年代日本、台湾、韩国等亚洲四小虎经历过这些。日本遭遇的危机时间要稍长，而韩国等其他国家则通过改革和重组度过了危机。

欧洲和中国诸多领域的合作对双方都至关重要。

在创业和互联网创新领域，美国在过去几十年里一直处于领先地位。他们通过硅谷创造了巨大的比较优势。谷歌（Google）、亚马逊（Amazon）、脸书（Facebook）和苹果（Apple，合称GAFA）四分天下，主导了整个市场。中国在崛起。欧洲也有很多人才，但很多都被美国的公司所挖走。我相信欧盟、俄罗斯和中国在新兴科技方面的合作将会使全球创新系统出现新的制衡。但是现在，我们需要加大合作，开展更好的合作，同时应该志存高远，面向新的时代，以转型发展为发展目标。

我们需要共同应对社会的老龄化趋势，这是一项前所未有的挑战。中国社会急速的老年化，在新一代逐渐成长之时，带来了经济和政治上的问题。之前，我们是一个甚至两个劳动力赡养一个老人，而在将来，将变成一个劳动力赡养两个老人。

● 随着移民和外国雇佣劳动力的增加，我们可以从人口学的角度提供解决方案。说得明白一点，如果我们不想未来的世界变成一个新的“奴隶”世界，这将是我们必须面对的问题，需要精心的组织，应该根据联合国国际劳工局制定的规范，在全球范围内组织劳动力。

● 也可以从政治上提供解决方案。应该从国家的层面加强组织、团结一致，应对老龄化、依赖性和医疗费用增长带来的风险。

● 当然也可以从经济和科技的角度提供解决方案，因为在未来的数年里，医疗保健、特殊住房、物联网等领域都将成为与社会老龄化息息相关的主要问题。我们不必对未来心生恐慌，但是我们需未雨绸缪，努力提供解决问题的方案。

中国和欧洲都面临着长期快速增长给环境带来的问题。自“十二五”规划实施以来，中国政府已作出了巨大的努力，但是摆在我们面前的仍然有很多重要决策要做，而与欧洲的合作则至关重要。

● 大力开展技术合作。欧洲公司拥有迄今最前沿的技术，我们可以开展诸多合作，共享经济发展成果。如在工业废水处理领域，法国拥有VEOLIA等诸多顶级的专业公司。

● 积极开展政治合作，破解气候变化难题。法国一直致力于这一领域，已经精心开展一系列工作，拟于明年12月在巴黎举办的“第21届联合国气候变化大会”推出富有诚意的合作计划。我们都知道气候变化是一个事实，我们还知道，我们从现在做起。在过去几个月里，法国政府已经采取积极行动。中国和美国也已经进行双边协商，减少温室气体的排放。让我们共同努力，使合作迈上新的台阶。

实现更好的互联互通需要我们强化合作手段。

我相信，要构想和投资工程我们需要新的多边手段。在这个方面，金立群领导下的亚投行就是一个很好的例子。亚投行有将近60个成员国，他们开始共同为具体的、共同的、全面的项目作出努力。

我们还需要在税收、贸易壁垒、技术标准和调控方面达成协议，构建一个欧亚共同市场，互通网络实现全面内部管控。这一点至关重要，因为我们正处在一个网络互联的时代，一个智能光缆使能源的全球流动成为可能的时代。当我们讨论不同的双边贸易协定的时候，我们需要考虑共同利益，着眼全局发展。今天我们要讨论的，不是1985年的中国欧洲贸易协定，尽管我们2007年以来一直在讨论这个问题，我们需要的是宏图伟略，运用像此次协商一样的杠杆手段去创建一个共同的市场，将俄罗斯与亚欧联盟国家的对话融入其中。我们需要的不仅是协议，同时也需要规则与互相尊重，因为这是一个网络间谍和经济情报日益重要的时代。

三、转型是创新的飞跃，是全球层面经济模式的转变。

看看全球化的第一次剧变吧，这是三大要素共同作用的结果。首先是技术要素，1956年我们发明了集装箱，20世纪70年代以后实现了普遍推广，这大大推动了海上运输的发展，减少了运输成本，特别是转运货物的运输成本。其次是政治要素，如中国的现代化和1978年以后在邓小平领导下建立的经济特区。第三个要素则是金融的国际化。金融国际化使国家的外汇管理力度降低，国际银行业务标准化，如20世纪70年代的出现的清算或SWIFT程序。科技、政治和金融三方面的共同创新是经济变革的关键。

今天，我们需要经济变革，需要在这三个领域做出创新。

● 创新意味着基础设施的技术创新，我们需要加固市场的互通性。

今天我们正处在交通技术革新的前夜。举几个例子说明。今天我们能够用与火车相差无几的固定费用，以极超音速的速度来陆运集装箱。这不仅是基础设施的改变，也是经济本质的改变，因为这意味着物流成本大幅减少，对工业公司的货存大有好处。这是一个“即时到达”的经济新时代。在这种交通模式下，越是靠近枢纽的地方，其创造的优势就越大，因为与前面几千米的运输相比，最后一千米的运输花费的时间则更多。北京、上海、天津、大连距离巴黎、法兰克福、米兰的等城市的距离，将比慕尼黑、布鲁塞尔、华沙距离这些城市的距离更近。

我们需要充分发挥我们的想象力。我们需要酝酿交通的变革，就像铁路在19世纪的作用一样。我们要敢于想象，在鹿特丹和大连之间修建一条10，000公里的钢管或碳纤维管，装满货物的集装箱在磁悬浮的作用下，在接近真空的状态下以每小时1000千米的高速前行。

● 创新意味着金融创新，通过规则的磨合和稳定的政策创造新型的非物质性互联互通。

信用评级系统是建立一个更好的商品、服务、投资共同市场的关键之一。现在这一系统为美国的三大巨头所掌控，是有失公平的。这意味着，在债权国的现金流向上，债务国拥有话语权。2008年的经济危机已经表明，这些评级体系缺乏准确性，同时具有顺周期效应，加剧不稳定因素。我相信亚洲的崛起和中国经济的全球化正改变着世界。李克强总理已经发起亚洲信用系统改革的倡议，致力于建立一个更加公平、更加稳定、更有效率的信用配置体系。这就是我们需要宏图伟略的原因。中国大公集团和“俄罗斯信用集团”联合创建了“全球信用评级集团”，这是第一个以亚洲为基地的全球性信用评价机构，对此我表示全力支持。之所以支持它，不仅是因为该集团可以创建新的公平竞争环境，而且是因为这是一个区域性信用评价机构的联盟，其评价不仅可以将不同文化、不同经济实体的具体情况纳入考虑，还可以将跨境投资的国际标准纳入考虑，因而这是一种双向评价。

● 最后，创新意味着政治的创新。

打造我们共同的未来，其关键是基于项目的合作，如“新丝绸之路项目”需要欧洲、俄罗斯和中国共同抓住这一合作的契机。过去几个月里，我一直在欧洲、俄罗斯和中国大力倡导这一项目，因为我们需要周密考虑、充分利用这一项目。

我们需要将它打造成一个开放的项目。我们需要欧盟、俄罗斯、中国和沿线30个国家的共同参与。我们需要和美国进行有效的对话，因为他们是当今世界很重要的一极，在新的全球化进程中，我们都不想在各大势力中产生对抗。

我们需要将新丝绸之路打造成一个多维的项目。它虽然是一个经济和基础设施的项目，但还包括诸多其它在建项目，比如俄罗斯和中国之间的输油管道和2014年普京和习近平主席签订的4千亿美元的大项目合同。当然还有哈萨克斯坦的5000千米的高速公路建设，它将成为巴基斯坦和中国西部的走廊。还有红海和沙特阿拉伯的项目等。

我们需要将新丝绸之路打造成一个创新的、接受多方意见的项目。我知道曾培炎先生和中国国际经济交流中心在这方面做出了非常大的努力。

女士们、先生们！

我们马上就要迈入一个新时代，新丝绸之路将会成为引领我们走向未来的高速路。这条丝绸之路是连接欧洲和中国的新纽带，并能将我们引向合作而非对抗。它能帮我们避免几大势力在中亚的对抗冲突；避免欧洲和亚洲在贸易上的争端，进而避免经济下滑，它还能通过创造发展的新途径来帮我们避免亚太地区的冲突。丝绸之路是两只开放的大手跨越大半个地球伸向对方的象征。

Keynote Speech Made by Dominique de Villepin，Former Prime Minister of France

Ladies and Gentlemen， Distinguished Guests，

It is a great pleasure to be here among you today and to discuss the future of Europe and the future of China， to discuss our common future.

Chongqing is in many ways a symbol of this future.

·It is a symbol of the common challenges of the future to develop huge cities in a sustainable way. Europe and Eastern Asia are among the two most densely populated areas in our world.

·It is a symbol of the fast development of the new China， turned towards inland China towards new sources of development and growth， towards high-technology and highend services.

·Today’s conference， opened by Vice Premier ZHANG Gaoli who has been working actively on international financial and economic cooperation， is a symbol， because Europe and Eastern Asia represent over a third of the world's output. That’s why the subject we are discussing today is anything but a sideline.

1. We are at a crossroads of globalization. A crossroads where you have either chaos or transformation.

The globalization as we have known it in the last thirty years is leading to several dead ends.

There are major “black boxes” of uncertainty that threaten the world economy. The crisis of 2008 has been a major warning. Have all the lessons been taken？ No. And this year there could well be a new crisis harming millions of people. The solution to the Precedent crisis---the Quantitative Easing of the Fed and now of the ECB，could well become the source of a new crisis， because it has created new bubbles and has infl ated stock markets assets beyond the real returns， because it has maintained artifi cially low interest rates that fl ood the markets with liquidities. And here in Eastern Asia， we see some worrying signs， with the slowdown of growth under 7%or the decrease by 8%of energy consumption.

There are major bottlenecks in transports and infrastructures that create risks and uncertainty. Look at the Ormuz Strait， look at the Malacca Strait which is the source of almost 80%of China without creating risks of disrupted communications and exchanges. There are bottlenecks also in communications and in the virtual networks of our world，that make us more and more vulnerable to hacking and to cyber terrorism.

There are growing political instabilities. Because the globalization has weakened the nation states， their territorial integrity and sovereignty， because the globalization of images and media has fueled the tensions between identities and created a world of resentment that has a deep potential of violence， we see instabilities shaking up our world. We witness it today with the Islamic State， in Syria and in Iraq，a group which dwells on hate and barbaric cruelty， a group that manages its image like a rock band， through video clipsatrocious provocations. We see the danger growing in Africa，in Sahel as well as in the Great Lakes region， which will be of major concern in the coming years. We see the danger grow also in Central Asia， where Islamist radicalism and terrorism is gaining ground from the Caucasus to the Former Republics of the Soviet Union. These instabilities create massive migrations，within Africa or between Africa and Europe that create yet more risks of instability. Everything leads to the risk of confrontation.

A future of confrontation would be a future of chaos.

In a world depending on energy-communications and trade as ours does， confrontation in one part of the world is a source of chaos for the whole world. Peace has become an immediate common good. Peace has become a necessity for each one of us. Our peace and the peace of others are now one and the same. That’s why we should be cautious when it comes to military interventions abroad， and take the lessons of ten years of Western interventions in the Middle East.

In a political world more and more depending on the media， the spreading of political instabilities has become unavoidable. That’s one of the lessons of the Arab Spring. That’s the lesson of the instabilities in several African countries since more than a year， signaling that the new generation isn’t ready to accept the prolongation of the older generation in power. That’s the case in Burkina Faso. In Burundi but also in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The international community should be aware of trends and threats and act in anticipation rather than in reparation. We need to discuss， think and act now. It’s true also for Central Asia， where the international community seems to be waiting for catastrophes to happen， silently.

But， on the contrary， a future of cooperation will be a guarantee of growth， of employment and of development.

Creating infrastructures creates activity today and activity tomorrow. It is the major privilege of this industry，it has cumulative positive externalities. In countries like in Europe where infrastructures have reached full scale， we need new markets where to propose and build the best possible infrastructures out of the experience and scaleeconomies we have gathered throughout the last decades.

Because confrontation is such a high risk， I think we need an international task force to support nationstates and political transitions， with administrative and judicial capabilities. That’s why we need a reform of UN peacekeeping with a new force and a new mandate， allowing long-term interposition in civil war situations. That’s why we need more world governance， with more diversity， more legitimacy and more efficiency. This means reforming the Security Council and extending its say on financial issues and on environmental issues.

2. Europe and China have to go hand in hand to face the hardships.

Europe and China are today the regions of the world for which stakes are highest.

Europe and Asia are the two key links of the long chain of Eurasian solidarity. They are the two most massive economic zones， the most independent zones， the most densely populated zones of the world. And they are separated by huge tracts of land， by countries in which development of infrastructures remains of insufficient， in which average income per capita remains below 60% of the world average.

More than that， Europe and China are both undergoing important and diffi cult changes.Europe is in crisis， because of debt， because of deflation， because of stagnation of its industrial model. It is necessary to find a new engine of growth. Europe needs new momentums for its borders，massive arrivals of refugees， important populist temptations in the elections.

China is facing a slowdown of its economy that creates questions and uncertainties. It is necessary to stabilize the economies in a phase of natural transition between an export oriented manufacturing country and a domestic consumption oriented service economy. All emerging countries in the past have experienced it. The dragons of the 70es and 80es，Japan， Taiwan and Korea have experienced it. Some have known a long term crisis like Japan， others have recovered through reform and restructuration like Korea.

There are many sectors in which Europe’s and China’s cooperation are vital for both of them.

In the fi eld of starups and Internet innovation， the United States have been taking the lead in recent decades. They have created a massive comparative advantage， which is the power of the Silicon Valley. The GAFA， Google-Amazon-Facebook and Apple dominate the market. China is rising. Europe has incredible talents， but once up by bigger fi shes from the U.S.. I believe the partnership between the EU，Russia and China on new technologies could allow the world innovation system to have checks and balances it lacks today. But today we have to be more ambitious than to cooperate better and more. We have to aim at transformation， at meeting a new age.

We have to face together the aging of societies， which is an unheard of challenge. The quick aging of the Chinese society creates economic as well as political questions when in the generation coming of age， there will be one worker for two elder people， against one for one or even two for one in the previous generation.

● There are demographic solutions with immigration and hired foreign workforce. Let’s be clear， it will be a major fact in the coming world and it needs to be organized if we don’t want to create a new world of slavery. We need to organize labor on the worldwide level， with regulations developed by the International Bureau of Labor under the United Nations.

● There are political solutions， because we need to organize the solidarity on the national level to compensate the risks of aging and of dependency， the rising costs of medical support.

● There are also economic and technological solutions，because the medical sector， the specialized housing sector，the Internet of things will become the main issues concerning aging societies in the coming years. We have not to be afraid of the future， but we have anticipate it and to work towards it.

China and Europe also forces the consequences of long and fast growth in the environment sphere. Much has been done since the 12th plan of the Beijing government， but there too major decisions lie ahead and the cooperation with Europe will be crucial.

● Technological cooperation because European companies have the state of the art technologies today and there are many partnerships that would allow shared economic development. In the fi eld of treatment of Industrial wastewater for example， France boasts fantastic companies and successes like those of VEOLIA.

● But we need also political cooperation in order to tackle climate change. France has been committed to promote an ambitious agenda for a sincere agreement during the COP 21 conference on Climate Change in next December in Paris. We all know that climate change is a reality. We all know that we need to act now. But we also know that there is a long way to go. Our governments have taken initiatives in the last months that are very positive. China and the U.S. have also engaged in a bilateral negotiation on their reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Let’s bring this all together to the next level.

To reach better connectivity， we need to enhance our tools of cooperation.

I believe we need new multilateral tools to fi nance and imagine projects， in this

Regard the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has been a major success under leadership of JIN Liqun. It has allowed almost 60 countries to become founding members of the institutions and to begin to work together on concrete，coherent and comprehensive development projects.

We need also new agreements on taxes， on trade barriers， on technological standards and on regulations in order to create a common market of Eurasia， in which networks will become fully interoperable. This is all the more important as we are entering a new age of networks，an age of smart grids allowing flows of energy around the world. It is important to take into account the general interest and the big picture when discussing the differentbilateral trade agreements. And maybe today， rather than renewing the 1985 China-EU trade agreement， which is being discussed since2007， we should have more ambition and use the leverage of such a negotiation to go forward on a common market， integrating to the discussions Russia and the countries of the Eurasian Union. We need not only agreements but also rules and mutual respect， in particular in a world where cyber-espionage and economic intelligence have become crucial.

3. Transformation is a leap in innovation， it is a change of economic model at the world level.

Look at the fi rst globalization， it was the result of three main factors: the first was technical， with the invention of containers in 1956 and the generalization of their use after the 1970s， which led to thriving maritime transports， to major cut of transport costs in particular in the transshipment of goods. The second is political factor， the modernization of China and the creation of Special Economic Zones in China under leadership of Deng Xiaoping after 1978. The third factor， the internationalization of fi nance with the reduction of national exchange controls and the standardization of practices in international banking， for example with clearings or SWIFT procedures in the 1970s. Simultaneous innovations in technology， in politics and in fi nance are the keys of an economic revolution.

Today， again we need an economic revolution， we need innovation in these three key areas.

● Innovation means technological innovation in infrastructures to enhance the physical connectivity of the markets.

Today， we are at the eve of technological revolutions in transports. Let me take a few examples. There are today possibilities to transport containers on land at hypersonic speed with fi xed capital expenses that would be comparable to trains. This is not only a change in degree of our infrastructures， it is a change of nature of our economies，because it would mean drastic reduction of logistics’costs for stocks for industrial companies. It would be the new age of tight on time economy. It would also create a huge advantage for the places nearest to the hubs of this transportation mode， because the last kilometer of transport will cost more time than the thousand kilometers before. Beijing， Shanghai， Tianjin or Dalian will be nearer to Paris，Frankfurt or Milan than Munich or Brussels or Warsaw.

Today we have to let our imagination free. We have to be able to imagine a transport revolution as important as the Railroad in the 19th century. We have to imagine a 10，000 kilometer line of steel or carbon fi ber tubes stretching through the steps form Rotterdam to Dalian， with container carrying pods pushed through magnetic suspension in quasivoid to a 1，000 kilometer per hour speed.

● Innovation means fi nancial innovation to create a new form of immaterial connectivity between the markets through harmonization of regulations， through implementation of stabilizing effects.

The credit rating system is one of the keys of a better common market for goods， services and investments. Today this system is unfair. It is dominated by the Big Three， U.S.-based agencies. This means the debtor countries of this world have the say on where the money flows from the creditor countries. The 2008 crisis has shown that these ratings lacked accuracy and that they had a procyclical effect that worsened instabilities. I believe the emergence of Asia and the internationalization of the Chinese economy is changing the world. Premier Li Keqiang has initiated a reform of the Asian Credit System that aims at a fairer， more stable and more efficient credit allocation. That’s why we need ambitious initiatives. I am supporting the first Asia-based global credit rating agency named Universal Credit Rating Group， which has been created by the Chinese agency Dagong and the Russian rating agency RusRating. I don’t support it only because it creates fair and new competition，but because it is an alliance of local credit rating agencies，able to jprovide a dual rating， taking into account at the same time the specifi cities of each economy of each culture and also the global standards of cross-border Investments.

● Innovation， last of all means political innovation.

The key to the common future is a project based cooperation. The example of the world is the New Silk Road Project and much will depend on Europe， Russia’s and China’s ability to seize the momentum of this partnership. I have been advocating for this Silk Roads project for many months now， in Europe， in Russia， in China. Because we need to think about it thoroughly to make the most of it.

We have to make it an open project. We need the implication of the EU， of Russia， of China of all the 30 countries along this road and belt. We need a strong dialogue with the United States because they are one of the powers of this world and no one needs a confrontation course between powers in this new globalization.

We have to make the New Silk Road a multi-dimensional project. It has to be about economy and infrastructure projects of course， and there are many projects on the way，pipelines between Russia and China and a mega-contract of 400 billion dollars， signed in 2014 between President Putin and Xi Jinping. There are also projects for a 5000-kilometer highway in Kazakhstan， for a corridor between Pakistan and Western China； projects in the Red Sea with Saudi Arabia.

We have to make the Silk Road an innovative project，open to all ideas. And I know very well all the work that has been done in that sense by Mr. ZENG Peiyan and the China Center for International Economic Exchanges.

Ladies and Gentlemen！

We are about to enter into a new age， and the New Silk Road will be the highway to lead us to this future. The Silk Road is the new thread that will bind together Europe and China and that will bring us to choose cooperation over confrontation. The way to avoid confrontations in Central Asia between superpowers. The way to avoid confrontations between Europe and Asia over trade disputes that could arise with the slowdown of economies. The way to avoid confrontation in the Asia Pacifi c by creating alternatives of development. The Silk Road is the symbol of two open hands reaching out to each other over half of this world.