感悟高考英语新题型
2015-10-21张翠兰
张翠兰
摘要:2015年高考,山东省英语学科决定使用全国卷,全国卷II有一个新题型,语法填空题。对于山东的考生来说,这是一个全新的题型。一开始,学生难免摸不着头脑,无从下手,得分也不会高。这个题型的出现代替了以前的单项选择题,是高考的一种改革。无疑,以前的单项选择题存在着一些弊端。例如,不符合交际语言测试理论的要求;对英语教学的导向较差;容易向学生输入错误信息;容易出现一题有多个可接受答案的情况。在这种情况下,语法填空应运而生,语法填空题具有独特的优点: 任务真实性强;能够对中学英语教学产生良好的反拨作用;加强精细阅读能力和语言知识运用能力的培养;有助于高考英语试卷继续保持较高的信度;可以增加试卷中题型的多样性。
关键词:语法填空 答题技巧 实战练习
2015年高考,山东省英语学科决定使用全国卷,全国卷II有一个新题型,语法填空题。对于山东的考生来说,这是一个全新的题型。一开始,学生难免摸不着头脑,无从下手,得分也不会高。这个题型的出现代替了以前的单项选择题,是高考的一种改革。无疑,以前的单项选择题存在着一些弊端。例如,不符合交际语言测试理论的要求;对英语教学的导向较差;容易向学生输入错误信息;容易出现一题有多个可接受答案的情况。在这种情况下,语法填空应运而生,语法填空题具有独特的优点: 任务真实性强;能够对中学英语教学产生良好的反拨作用;加强精细阅读能力和语言知识运用能力的培养;有助于高考英语试卷继续保持较高的信度;可以增加试卷中题型的多样性。
语法填空这种题型的显著特点都是将语言知识或语法知识放在语篇中进行考察. 语法填空的能力要求:词汇量;构词法的变化和运用;较强的句子分析能力与语法运用能力;对文章大意的理解及上下文语义、语境的逻辑判断及推理能力。语法填空的考查内容与形式:动词:非谓语动词,助动词,情态动词,时态;并列连词;从句引导词;代词:人称代词,物主代词,不定代词;介词:搭配用法;冠词;名词:名词词组;构词法:形容词,比较级、最高级,固定搭配,,副词,派生词。
动词的使用是语法填空考查的一大重点:1.谓语动词——当句子缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时,要根据语境确定用哪种时态,根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态,还要考虑主谓一致,以及是否要用虚拟语气。
例如:“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane was informed (inform),Jane是被告知,用被动语态。 2.非谓语动词——当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词 若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式,done形式,还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。例如:He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing (wear) sun glasses.在此句中, he与 wear是主动关系,用现在分词。
解题技巧:
*快速通读全文,把握中心意思。
*弄清文章的体裁和题材、写作主线。
*注意分析长句和复合句的句子结构。
*注意上下文的联系。
*根据上下文,分析空白处应填的词语的词性和语义。
*对所填词语的语法形式是否准确进行检查。
实战练习:
One of my father's favorite 1 (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn't like something, 2 it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years I've come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career (職业). 4 (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get 5 (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn't 6 more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that 7 (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into 8 (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, I'll try it; 9 I don't like it I can always go back to my 10 (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.
1. sayings 2. whatever 3. acceptance
4. Actually 5. married
6. have been 7. beginning 8. different
9. if 10. earlier
只要我们按照一定的方法计巧,再加上大量的练习,我们的语法填空得分会有所提高。