急性切口痛大鼠血浆及上消化道胃动素表达的变化
2015-08-23赵军徐磊张瑜冯全胜
赵军,徐磊,张瑜,冯全胜
急性切口痛大鼠血浆及上消化道胃动素表达的变化
赵军1,徐磊2△,张瑜3,冯全胜2
目的观察急性切口痛大鼠血浆、胃体及十二指肠胃动素(MTL)水平的变化。方法SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠156只,6~8周龄,体质量180~220 g,采用随机数字表法将其分为2组(n=78):对照组(C组)和切口痛组(P组)。P组行右足跖肌切口。2组先随机各取6只大鼠,于术前24 h(T0)、术后1 h(T1)、6 h(T2)、24 h(T3)、48 h(T4)、72 h(T5)测定机械缩足阈值(PWMT)与热缩足反射潜伏期(PWTL)。并于上述每个时点,2组分别取12只大鼠,断头处死,提取血浆、胃体及十二指肠组织,采用ELISA法测定MTL水平。结果与C组比较,P组T1~T4时PWMT降低,PWTL缩短,血浆、胃体MTL水平降低,而十二指肠MTL水平升高(P<0.05),T0、T5时差异无统计学意义;P组血浆MTL水平与PWMT、PWTL呈正相关(r分别为0.952、0.879,P<0.01),P组胃体MTL水平与PWMT、PWTL呈正相关性(r分别为0.970、0.931,P<0.01);十二指肠MTL水平与PWMT、PWTL呈负相关性(r分别为-0.991、-0.975,P<0.01)。结论急性切口痛可使大鼠血浆、胃体MTL水平降低,而使十二指肠MTL水平升高。
促胃动素;胃;十二指肠;血浆;急性切口痛
术后急性痛可引发严重胃肠功能紊乱,影响患者预后[1]。胃动素(motilin,MTL)由肠嗜铬细胞分泌,主要分布在胃、十二指肠、空肠及血浆,于消化间期呈周期性释放,在胃肠动力调控中发挥重要作用[2-3],其表达主要受迷走神经下游的胆碱能神经及非肾上腺非胆碱能神经通路调控[4]。研究显示,急性切口痛抑制胃体MTL表达,降低胃动力,但其对外周其他部位MTL表达水平的动态影响尚鲜见报道[5]。本研究拟观察切口痛大鼠血浆、胃体、十二指肠MTL水平的动态变化,为临床严重胃肠功能紊乱的外周机制研究及治疗提供依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1实验动物SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠156只,6~8周龄,体质量180~220 g,购自天津实验动物中心,每笼5只饲养,自然照明,自由摄食、饮水。
1.2实验分组采用随机数字表法将其分为2组(n=78):对照组(control group,C组)和切口痛组(incisional pain group,P组)。
1.3疼痛模型建立参照文献[6]方法制备切口痛模型。吸入七氟醚麻醉后右足底近端0.5 cm处向趾部做一长约1 cm切口,切开皮肤筋膜,用眼科镊挑起足底跖肌并纵向切割,但保持肌肉起止及附着完整,皮肤缝合,切口以青霉素药液冲洗。
1.4检测方法及观察指标2组先随机各取6只大鼠,于术前24 h(T0)、术后1 h(T1)、6 h(T2)、24 h(T3)、48 h(T4)、72 h (T5)测定机械缩足阈值(PWMT)与热缩足反射潜伏期(PWTL)。C组、P组剩余大鼠于上述每个时点分别取12只大鼠断头处死,取胃体、十二指肠组织并经下腔静脉抽取血样,采用ELISA法测定MTL水平。
1.4.1PWMT将一透明有机玻璃箱(22 cm×22 cm×12 cm)置于30 cm高的金属筛网(1 cm×1 cm)上,待大鼠在箱中适应30 min后,采用电子von Frey纤维丝(IITC公司,美国),垂直刺激大鼠双侧后足与附近第3、4趾间皮肤,每次持续4~6 s。大鼠出现抬足或舔足行为视为阳性反应,并记录此时的刺激强度,每次间隔15 s以上,共刺激5次,计算其平均值为PWMT。
1.4.2PWTL将有机玻璃箱置于3 mm厚玻璃板上,大鼠放入箱内,使其自由活动30 min以适应测试环境和温度。室温稳定在24~26℃。采用Model 390 Heated Base热痛刺激仪(IITC公司,美国)照射大鼠足底紧贴玻璃板部位,具体部位同PWMT测定部位。记录照射开始至大鼠出现抬足或舔足时间,照射时间不超过20 s,以防止组织损伤。测定5次,间隔至少5 min,取后3次刺激的平均值为PWTL。
1.5MTL水平测定 (1)血MTL。开腹,经下腔静脉采集血样2 mL,置于含30 μL10%EDTA二钠和40 μL抑肽酶(2万U/mL)试管中混匀,4℃离心20 min。取血浆,置-20℃保存。采用ELISA法测定MTL水平,ELISA试剂盒购自上海蓝基生物科技有限公司。(2)胃体、十二指肠MTL。胃体、十二指肠黏膜组织分别称质量,置于含1 mL浓度为0.2 mol/L的醋酸溶液匀浆器中匀浆。沸水煮沸10 min,4℃、3 500 r/min离心半径13.5 cm,离心10 min。取上清放入试管中冰冻、干燥、浓缩后PBS等容,待测液-80℃保存,采用ELISA法测定MTL水平,ELISA试剂盒购自上海蓝基生物科技有限公司。
1.6统计学方法采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验,相关分析采用Pearson法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1机械痛阈值比较与C组比较,P组T1~T4时PWMT降低(P<0.05),T0、T5时差异无统计学意义;P组PWMT T1时降低,T3~T5时逐渐升高(P<0.05),见表1。
Tab.1 Comparison of PWMT variation at different time points between two groups表1 2组大鼠各时点PWMT的比较(n=6,g,±s)
Tab.1 Comparison of PWMT variation at different time points between two groups表1 2组大鼠各时点PWMT的比较(n=6,g,±s)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01;t1为组间比较,t2为组内与前一时点比较;表2~5同
T0T1t2T2t2组别C组P组2.026 35.259**0.793 2.298 t1 42±7 40±3 0.757 45±7 21±4 14.367**43±7 18±6 11.985**t2 T3T4t2T5t2组别C组P组 t1 43±5 25±8 10.821**0.932 5.657**44±5 30±9 5.902**2.038 2.828*43±7 42±5 0.519 0.711 6.445*
2.2热辐射痛阈值比较与C组比较,P组T1~T4时PWTL降低(P<0.05),T0、T5时差异无统计学意义;P组PWTL T1时降低,T3时较T1、T2升高(P<0.05),T3~T5时逐渐升高(P<0.05),见表2。
Tab.2 Comparison of PWTL variation at different time points between two groups表2 2组大鼠各时点PWTL的比较(n=6,g,±s)
Tab.2 Comparison of PWTL variation at different time points between two groups表2 2组大鼠各时点PWTL的比较(n=6,g,±s)
T1 T0t2T2t2组别C组P组0.286 5.443**0.091 0.091 t1 11.3±5.3 11.8±5.1 0.213 11.7±2.1 6.2±2.1 6.753**11.6±4.2 5.9±2.7 9.051**组别C组P组T3t2T4t2T5t22.431 3.181*12.5±7.3 9.7±3.2 8.925**12.9±3.9 8.3±3.7 7.656**0.088 3.208*0.069 2.723*t1 12.1±3.4 11.3±4.1 0.427
2.3血浆MTL水平比较与C组比较,P组T1~T4时血浆MTL水平降低(P<0.05),T0、T5时差异无统计学意义;P组MTL T1时降低,T3~T5时逐渐升高(P<0.05),见表3。
Tab.3 Comparison of plasma levels of MTL at different time points between two groups表3 2组大鼠各时点血浆MTL水平的比较(n=12,pmol/L,±s)
Tab.3 Comparison of plasma levels of MTL at different time points between two groups表3 2组大鼠各时点血浆MTL水平的比较(n=12,pmol/L,±s)
T0T1t2T2t2组别C组P组0.300 18.465**0.232 0.432 t1 239±17 239±14 0.745 236±11 144±12 18.835**239±6 146±20 20.246**T3t2T4t2T5t2组别C组P组0.09 3.479*1.462 9.830**0.399 10.126**t1 241±5 189±23 10.978**235±7 205±21 10.449**239±11 244±17 0.032
2.4胃体MTL水平比较与C组比较,P组T1~T4时胃体MTL水平降低(P<0.05),T0、T5时差异无统计学意义;P组MTL T1时降低,T3~T5时逐渐升高(P<0.05),见表4。
Tab.4 Comparison of MTL levels in gastric body at different time points between two groups表4 2组大鼠各时点胃体MTL水平的比较(n=12,pmol/L,±s)
Tab.4 Comparison of MTL levels in gastric body at different time points between two groups表4 2组大鼠各时点胃体MTL水平的比较(n=12,pmol/L,±s)
T0T1t2T2t2组别C组P组t1 511±12 516±11 0.745 509±7 236±9 64.816**1.287 337.000**505±9 221±15 40.076**0.952 0.268 T4 T3t2t2T5t2组别C组P组1.521 14.439**0.932 5.246**1.352 30.042**t1 513±10 274±12 30.041**516±9 300±7 37.785**503±13 487±13 0.595
2.5十二指肠MTL水平比较与C组比较,P组T1~T4时十二指肠MTL水平升高(P<0.05),T0、T5时差异无统计学意义;P组MTL T1时升高,T3~T5时逐渐降低(P<0.05),见表5。
Tab.5 Comparison of MTL levels in duodenum at different time points between two groups表5 2组大鼠各时点十二指肠MTL水平的比较(n=12,pmol/L,±s)
Tab.5 Comparison of MTL levels in duodenum at different time points between two groups表5 2组大鼠各时点十二指肠MTL水平的比较(n=12,pmol/L,±s)
组别C组P组T0T1t2T2t20.893 5.876**230±10 327±13 11.488**233±6 231±9 0.931 0.945 31.096**t1 226±7 361±21 7.595**组别C组P组T3t2T4t2T5t21.021 13.900**231±15 283±19 7.061**236±11 309±16 8.537**0.871 5.376**1.058 15.637**t1 227±13 229±15 0.158
2.6相关性分析P组血浆MTL水平与PWMT、PWTL均呈正相关(r分别为0.952、0.879,P<0.05),胃体MTL水平与PWMT、PWTL均呈正相关(r分别为0.970、0.931,P<0.01),十二指肠MTL水平与PWMT、PWTL均呈负相关(r分别为-0.991、-0.975,P<0.01)。
3 讨论
MTL为脑肠肽,其与胃动素受体(MTLR)结合激活下游MLCK信号通路,引起胃肠道平滑肌收缩,从而增加胃肠动力[7]。研究发现,胃轻瘫患者血浆MTL水平显著降低,静脉给予MTL后症状明显改善,而肠易激综合征大鼠血浆MTL表达显著升高,这提示胃肠动力状态与血浆MTL表达存在正相关[8-9]。以往研究显示,手术可导致全胃肠道蠕动下降,甚至诱发麻痹性肠梗阻[10]。但本研究结果显示,急性切口痛对外周水平MTL表达的影响趋势存在差异,可抑制血浆、胃体MTL表达,降低胃动力,而增加十二指肠MTL表达,升高十二指肠动力,表明其对不同部位胃肠道MTL的影响存在显著差异,这提示胃肠道可能存在多种机制参与急性痛对MTL的调控。伤害性刺激诱发炎症反应,通过神经反射及炎症因子作用产生急性疼痛、兴奋交感神经,进而抑制迷走神经,其下游胆碱能神经通路及非肾上腺非胆碱能神经通路受到抑制,前者主要支配胃部MTL表达,其兴奋可促使胃部肠嗜铬细胞分泌MTL增加,后者在十二指肠MTL调控发挥主要作用,抑制该部位肠嗜铬细胞分泌MTL,当该神经受到抑制后,可使该部位分泌MTL增加。而由于消化道多数部位受胆碱能神经支配,因而外周整体MTL分泌下降,进入血液循环中的MTL浓度下降,引起血浆MTL表达降低。
本研究结果还显示,血浆、胃体MTL水平与PWMT和PWTL各对应时点均呈正相关;而十二指肠MTL水平与PWMT和PWTL各对应时点均呈负相关;急性疼痛的程度与交感神经兴奋程度呈正相关,这提示术后急性痛可能通过交感-迷走神经的兴奋程度来影响血浆、胃体、十二指肠MTL的表达。
临床工作中,危重症(如脓毒症)患者常出现胃轻瘫[11]及腹泻并存等胃肠功能紊乱症状,甚至出现胃肠功能衰竭[12],导致菌群失调,腹压升高,胃肠道黏膜缺血缺氧,出现严重营养障碍,甚至导致死亡。本研究结果显示疼痛导致MTL在不同胃肠道部位的表达存在差异,可能为危重症患者胃肠功能紊乱的机制研究提供新的思路。临床上长期缺乏可靠的评估胃肠功能状态的实验室检查。本研究结果显示,急性痛对胃体与血浆MTL表达的影响趋势一致,而十二指肠与血浆MTL的表达趋势相反。是否可用血浆MTL来评估胃及十二指肠动力状态,需要进一步验证。
本研究仅对胃、十二指肠MTL表达进行了观察,而食管、小肠、结直肠等其他消化道情况尚不清楚,同时,没有对胃肠道动力的实际状态进行实时监测,这提示有必要进一步全面深入研究,掌握急性疼痛及严重创伤、炎症等刺激对全消化道的影响,为临床胃肠功能衰竭的机制研究及治疗提供依据。
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(2014-09-25收稿2014-11-10修回)
(本文编辑李国琪)
Changes of motilin concentrations in plasma and upper gastrointestinal tract in rat model of acute incisional pain
ZHAO Jun1,XU Lei2△,ZHANG Yu3,FENG Quansheng2
1 The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300170,China;2 Department of Critical Care Medicine,the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin;3 Department of Anesthesiology,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
△Corresponding AuthorE-mail:nokia007008@163.com
ObjectiveTo observe changes of motilin(MTL)levels in gastric body,duodenum and plasma in rat model of acute incisional pain.MethodsA total of 156 healthy male adult SD rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomized into two groups:control group(group C,n=78)and incisional pain group(group P,n=78),Rats in P group received incision on the right plantaris.Values of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT)and paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL)at different time points of 24 hours before operation(T0)and 1 hour(T1),6 hours(T2),24 hours(T3),48 hours(T4)and 72 hours(T5)after operation were measured in six rats chosen randomly from each group.Twelve rats were chosen from each group at T0-5,and sacrificed.The MTL levels in plasma,the mucosal tissues of gastric body and duodenum were detected by ELISA.ResultsCompared with group C,PWMT and PWTL were significantly decreased at T1-4in group P.The MTL levels were significantly decreased in plasma and gastric body(P<0.05).The MTL level was significantly increased at T1-4in duodenum (P<0.05),and no significant changes were found at T0and T5in P group(P>0.05).The plasma MTL levels were positively correlated with PWMT and PWTL(r=0.952,r=0.879,respectively,P<0.01)in P group.The MTL levels in gastric body were positively correlated with PWMT and PWTL(r=0.970,r=0.931,respectively,P<0.01)in P group.The MTL levels were negatively correlated with PWMT and PWTL(r=-0.991,r=-0.975,respectively,P<0.01)in duodenum in P group.ConclusionThe MTL levels in plasma and gastric body are decreased in rat model of acute incisional pain,and increased in duodenum.
motilin;stomach;duodenum;plasma;acute incisional pain
R614
ADOI:10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.03.011
天津市卫生局科技基金资助项目(2012KY03)
1天津医科大学三中心临床学院(邮编300170);2天津市第三中心医院重症医学科、天津市人工细胞重点实验室;3天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院麻醉科
赵军(1979),男,硕士在读,主要从事急性疼痛及胃肠动力基础研究
△E-mail:nokia007008@163.com