动态增强CT联合CA19-9及CA125检查在卵巢癌诊断及分期中的价值探讨
2015-07-19栾立敏
栾立敏,朱 彦
(1.润州区黎明社区卫生服务中心影像科,江苏镇江212001;2.江苏大学附属医院影像科,江苏镇江212001)
动态增强CT联合CA19-9及CA125检查在卵巢癌诊断及分期中的价值探讨
栾立敏1,朱 彦2
(1.润州区黎明社区卫生服务中心影像科,江苏镇江212001;2.江苏大学附属医院影像科,江苏镇江212001)
目的探讨动态增强CT联合糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌抗原125(CA125)检查在卵巢癌诊断及分期中的价值。方法对56例卵巢癌患者行动态增强CT检查及术前血清CA19-9、CA125水平检测,结合术后病理及临床分期进行分析比较。结果动态增强CT诊断符合率为85.7%,CA19-9诊断符合率为60.7%,CA125诊断符合率为71.4%,三者联合诊断法诊断符合率为94.6%,三者联合诊断法诊断符合率与单项诊断法比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。动态增强CT分期与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期86.7%、Ⅱ期85.7%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期72.4%;CA19-9分期与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期53.8%、Ⅱ期77.8%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期31.0%;CA125分期与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期76.9%、Ⅱ期85.7%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期62.1%;联合诊断法分期与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期92.3%、Ⅱ期93.3%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期89.7%,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期三者联合诊断法与其余单项诊断法比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论动态增强CT联合CA19-9、CA125检查能够较敏感及准确地发现卵巢癌,对临床诊断有着重要帮助,并为卵巢癌的准确临床分期提供客观依据。
体层摄影术,X线; 诊断显像; 卵巢肿瘤; 抗原,肿瘤相关; 碳水化合物; 肿瘤分期
卵巢癌是妇科疾病中发病率较高且恶性程度较高的肿瘤,往往发现后大部分已是晚期,5年生存率仅为35%左右,缺乏有效早期发现手段及肿瘤分期不明确是2个重要因素。动态增强CT能够发现较小的肿瘤并可对周围情况进行了解,血清糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)及癌抗原125(CA125)检测在卵巢癌检查中也取得一定成绩,但2种方法均有一定缺陷,联合检查诊断对于卵巢癌的早期诊断及正确临床分期有重要意义。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 56例病例均为经病理穿刺活检证实为卵巢癌的患者(卵巢浆液性囊腺癌39例,卵巢黏液性囊腺癌17例),年龄最大76岁,最小32岁,平均(45.23± 4.42)岁。卵巢癌分期标准参照国际妇产科联合会(FIGO)2014年修订的分期标准,其中Ⅰ期13例,Ⅱ期14例,Ⅲ期20例,Ⅳ期9例。患者均未接受过放、化疗治疗。所有病例均为江苏省镇江市润州区黎明社区卫生服务中心妇科门诊及江苏大学附属医院住院患者。所有患者均签署知情同意书。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 增强CT扫描方法 患者于检查前1 d清洁肠道并禁食12 h,采用GE公司Light speed 64排多层螺旋CT成像设备,患者取仰卧位,平躺于扫描床,扫描范围自胸骨剑突水平至坐骨结节水平,电压120 kV,电流320mA,矩阵为512×512,层厚5 mm,层间隔5 mm,对比剂碘普罗胺96 mL经高压注射泵注入肘静脉,分别于40、80 s及2 min进行扫描得到三期增强扫描图像。所有图像经光盘刻录后分别由3位高年资医师进行阅片诊断及分期。
1.2.2 血清肿瘤指标检测 采集患者晨起空腹静脉血3 mL,经离心机分离血清后采用全自动免疫分析仪上(美国雅培公司)用微粒体发光法测定CA19-9及CA125水平,CA19-9>27 U/mL、CA125>35 U/mL判定为阳性。
1.3 统计学处理 应用SPSS11.0统计软件进行数据分析,计量资料以±s表示,采用t检验;计数资料以率或构成比表示,采用χ2检验;P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结 果
2.1 动态增强CT、CA19-9、CA125及联合诊断法对卵巢癌的诊断结果比较 本研究56例卵巢癌患者通过动态增强CT检出48例,诊断符合率为85.7%;通过CA19-9检出34例,诊断符合率为60.7%;通过CA125检出40例,诊断符合率为71.4%;通过三者联合诊断法(使用平行试验法,只要一项为阳性即为阳性)检出53例,诊断符合率为94.6%。三者联合诊断法诊断符合率与单项诊断法比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见表1。
表1 不同检查方式诊断结果比较(n=56)
2.2 动态增强CT、CA19-9、CA125及三者联合诊断法与临床分期结果比较
2.2.1 动态增强CT分期与临床分期对照 动态增强CT检出48例患者中,按影像学FIGO分期标准分为Ⅰ期15例、Ⅱ期12例、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期21例,与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期86.7%、Ⅱ期85.7%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期72.4%。
2.2.2 CA19-9分期与临床分期对照 CA19-9检出34例患者中,Ⅰ期CA19-9最高为75.6 U/mL,Ⅱ期CA199最高为146.8 U/mL,余Ⅲ、Ⅳ期CA19-9均超过500 U/mL,且CA19-9水平与分期呈线性正相关,使得能将分期量化,通过数据总结分析设定27、50、150为分期量化值。经过分期量化后得出Ⅰ期7例、Ⅱ期18例、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期9例,与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期53.8%、Ⅱ期77.8%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期31.0%。
2.2.3 CA125分期与临床分期对照 CA125检出40例患者中,Ⅰ期CA125最高为89.2 U/mL,Ⅱ期CA125最高为182.4 U/mL,余Ⅲ、Ⅳ期CA125均超过1 000 U/mL,且CA125水平与分期呈线性正相关。通过数据总结分析设定35、100、200为分期量化值。经过分期量化后得出Ⅰ期10例、Ⅱ期12例、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期18例,与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期76.9%、Ⅱ期85.7%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期62.1%。
2.2.4 三者联合诊断法分期与临床分期对照 三者联合诊断法检出53例患者中,Ⅰ期12例、Ⅱ期15例、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期26例,与临床分期诊断符合率为Ⅰ期92.3%、Ⅱ期93.3%、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期89.7%。Ⅲ+Ⅳ期三者联合诊断法与其余单项诊断法比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。动态增强CT、CA19-9、CA125及三者联合诊断法分期与临床分期结果比较,见表2。
表2 动态增强CT、CA19-9、CA125及三者联合诊断法分期与临床分期结果比较
3 讨 论
卵巢癌是女性发病率较高、病死率也较高的恶性肿瘤[1-2],临床难以早期发现,出现症状就诊者大部分已是晚期。卵巢癌的早期准确诊断及准确分期对于患者治疗难度及治疗后生存率有着重要影响[3],高敏感度及高准确度的诊断手段对于卵巢癌治疗方案及预后具有重要意义。
肿瘤抗原CA19-9是一种单涎酸神经节苷脂[4],是许多黏细胞的成分,当组织发生恶变时,细胞内合成的CA19-9集中到细胞边缘,使局部细胞膜去极化而转运出胞;浸润性肿瘤细胞可以破坏组织结构、细胞间的连接和基膜,被破坏后的组织将CA19-9释放到血液中,但CA19-9是卵巢癌非特异肿瘤性标记物且有一定的基因型,Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan等[5]研究提示CA19-9在胰腺癌、胆囊癌患者外周血清中的水平增高也非常明显,Gardner等[6]研究表明在Lewisa血型抗原基因缺陷型卵巢癌患者中,CA19-9水平未出现明显增高,存在一定程度的漏诊及误诊,本研究中诊断符合率也不高,证实了单项CA19-9水平判断卵巢癌并不可靠。
肿瘤抗原CA125目前是卵巢上皮性癌诊断、疗效观察和预后预测较理想的标记物,主要是在浆液性卵巢癌中表达[7],其血清中的水平与肿瘤组织的破溃、血中扩散释放有关,具有较高的诊断敏感度及准确度。但本研究发现,虽然CA125具有较高的诊断敏感度及准确度,但在具体分期中的作用较小,不如动态增强CT,对卵巢癌的治疗方案及预后判断帮助较小。
动态增强CT能够对卵巢癌形态学进行精细观察,现已越来越多作为卵巢癌术前检查[8],尤其在卵巢癌大小、形态、周围侵犯情况及远处转移情况的判断方面有着无可比拟的优势[9]。本研究结果提示在对卵巢癌分期中,动态增强CT的诊断符合率很高,是一种比较可靠的分期手段。但动态增强CT手段有2个不足:(1)主观性较强,该法严重依赖诊断者的水平高低,往往出现已检出病变却主观漏诊及误诊情况;(2)对于很小的病变(最大径小于1 cm)比较难以发现[10],本研究数例患者就出现小病灶但肿瘤标记物水平明显增高的情况。该法需要更多的其他辅助手段作为补充。
联合诊断能够互补劣势,将优势集中,本研究发现,当动态增强CT联合CA19-9及CA125对卵巢癌进行诊断时,不仅在诊断符合率上有明显提高,对于卵巢癌分期的准确性也显著提高,影像学的形态学检查与体现肿瘤的分子生物行为学的肿瘤标记物检查相结合的研究对于卵巢癌早期诊断及准确分期具有重要意义,为临床诊治提供了重要帮助。
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Research on value of dynamic enhanced CT combined with CA19-9 and CA125 detection in diagnosis and staging of ovarian cancer
Luan Limin1,Zhu Yan2
(1.Department of Medical Imaging,Runzhou District Liming Community Health Service Center,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212001,China;2.Department of Medical Imaging,Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212001,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the value of dynamic enhanced CT combined with CA19-9 and CA125 detection in the diagnosis and staging of ovarian cancer.Methods56 cases of ovarian cancer were performed the dynamic enhanced CT examination and detection of preoperative serum CA19-9 and CA125 levels.The detection results were analyzed and compared by combining the postoperative pathology and clinical staging.ResultsThe diagnosis coincidence rate of dynamic enhanced CT was 85.7%,which of CA19-9 and CA125 were 60.7%and 71.4%respectively;which of the 3-item combination was 94.6%,the differences between the 3-item combination detection and the single item detection were statistically significant(P<0.05).The diagnosis coincidence rates of dynamic enhanced CT staging and clinical staging were 86.7%for stageⅠ,85.7%for stageⅡand 72.4%for stageⅢ+Ⅳ;which of CA19-9 staging and clinical staging were 53.8%for stageⅠ,77.8%for stageⅡand 31.0%for stageⅢ+Ⅳ;which of CA125 staging and clinical staging were 76.9%for stageⅠ,85.7%for stageⅡand 62.1%for stageⅢ+Ⅳ;which of the combined diagnosis staging and clinical staging were 92.3%for stageⅠ,93.3%for stageⅡand 89.7%for stageⅢ+Ⅳ,showing that the differences between the 3-item combination diagnosis method and the other single diagnosis methods for the stageⅢ+Ⅳwere statistically significant(P<0.01).ConclusionDynamic enhanced CT combined with CA19-9 and CA125 detection can more sensitively and accurately discover ovarian cancer,has important help to clinical diagnosis and provides the objective basis for the accurate clinical stage of ovarian cancer.
Tomography,X-ray; Diagnostic imaging; Ovarian neoplasma; Antigens,tumor-associated;Carbohydrate; Neoplasm staging
10.3969/j.issn.1009-5519.2015.20.003
A
1009-5519(2015)20-3053-03
2015-07-01)
栾立敏(1974-),男,江苏镇江人,主管技师,主要从事CT技术研究工作;E-mail:33139552@qq.com。
朱彦(E-mail:salary_hi@126.com)。