大通道带来大视野、大思维

□ 文/本刊记者 唐纲

大通道带来大视野、大思维

□ 文/本刊记者 唐纲

从“1小时到成都”到“朝发重庆夕至北京”再到“12天到欧洲”。

重庆的“大通道”建设，改变的不仅仅是运程时间，更是重庆人思考问题的广度和深度。

1小时到成都，2小时到贵阳，3小时到昆明……

朝发重庆，夕至首都；午发重庆，晚至香港；重庆到欧洲，比上海还快20多天……

重庆，正进入到“速度经济”时代，“大通道”的建设让昔日“蜀道难，难于上青天”的闭塞窘境全面改观，重庆与世界的联系更加紧密，而这也在改变着重庆人思考问题的广度和深度。

到中国一线城市，均能朝发夕至

1月1日，重庆到北京的首条高铁：G310次高铁正式开通运行，旅客从重庆坐高铁到北京，全程只需要12小时22分钟，实现朝发夕至。

据高铁网（news.gaotie.cn）消息，G310次列车7∶58分从重庆北始发，当日20∶20分终到北京西，先后经过长寿北、丰都、恩施、建始、宜昌东、枝江北、荆州、潜江、天门南、汉口、孝感北等站，全程运行12小时22分。回程列车是G309次（北京-重庆）列车，9∶42分从北京西始发，当日22∶05分到重庆北。

重庆到北京，以前坐火车需要两三天时间，正所谓天南海北，不外如是。后经提速，火车运行时间逐渐缩短，但即使在去年，重庆至北京的列车中，最快的Z49也需要18小时36分钟，旅客都需要在火车上过夜。高铁开通后，运行时间一下缩短了6个小时，缩短了1/3强。重庆至北京朝发夕至，旅客不再有“过夜”之困。

据了解，目前，由于重庆到汉口段并无高铁轨道，所以列车走的是渝汉动车线路，然后在汉口驶入京广高铁。在不久的将来，如果重庆也铺设了高铁轨道，高铁运行线路得到优化，那么，重庆到北京高铁运行的时间还有可能进一步减少，甚至，重庆进入首都“10小时经济圈”也说不定。

要通商，首在通路。重庆作为西南内陆城市，能否与中国沿海城市拉近距离，便捷通商，对重庆的发展至关重要。随着重庆到北京的高铁开通，重庆与中国首都紧密地联系在了一起，甚至还可能进入首都“10小时经济圈”。从这个意义上说，重庆“靠了座大山”。

不仅如此，随着更多高铁线路开通，重庆到中国最发达的上海、广州等一线城市也能实现朝发夕至。

据记者了解，2014年7月1日，随着沪汉蓉高速铁路全线通车运营，重庆至上海的时间，从此前的25个小时缩短至10个小时左右。

同时，随着渝利铁路的开通，重庆至广州的时间，也从此前的22个小时缩短至8个小时左右。

高铁把重庆与全国最发达的一线大城市紧密联系在一起，重庆由此顺利融入首都经济圈、长三角经济圈和珠三角经济圈。

到周边大城市，像走亲戚串个门

新年伊始，重庆再次传来好消息，重庆到成都将只需要1个小时，这比在上班高峰期从沙坪坝到解放碑还快。据了解，成渝高铁（也称“成渝客运专线”）计划于2015年2月1日通车运营，成渝两地正式迈入1小时经济圈。

渝黔铁路（重庆段）改造工程于2014年12月22日动工。改造后，这条沟通重庆、贵阳两市的城际铁路单程运行时间将由目前的10.5个小时缩短至2小时以内。

今后，重庆到昆明也只需要3个小时。全长约700公里的渝昆高铁预计2016年开工，2020年建成。按照目前高铁250-300公里的时速，3小时左右即可互达。

处于丝绸之路经济带、中国——中南半岛经济走廊与长江经济带“Y”字形大通道联结点上的重庆，将有效形成“1-3小时周边经济圈”，去周边大城市甚至就像走亲戚串个门，当天就能回来。

据了解，未来重庆到西安、长沙、郑州等城市都将开通高铁。而重庆到武汉，原来需要15个小时，现在只要5个小时，时间缩短了整整2/3。

去香港，未来仅需6小时

据铁路部门消息，2014年12月26日，贵广高铁开通运营，贵阳至广州的时间由原来的20多个小时缩短到4个小时。贵广高铁不仅与京九线（北京-香港九龙）贯通，还将与正在建设的渝黔新线相连，形成一条重庆快速出海大通道。目前，渝黔新线正在抓紧建设，预计2017年完工。届时，市民从重庆坐高铁去香港，仅需6小时。重庆与香港的距离一下拉近了许多。

到欧洲，仅需12天

以前，多数商品和集装箱从重庆到地球另一边的欧洲，要经过长江，在上海出海，然后远涉重洋，单程需要30天以上，现在仅需12—14天，因为“渝新欧”班列开通了。

2011年3月19日，全长11179公里的“渝新欧”国际铁路列车首次抵达德国杜伊斯堡，标志着“渝新欧”铁路正式开通。这一条经过六个国家的列车当时耗时16天。

去年4月，渝新欧实现了常态化开行。现在“渝新欧”班列实现了13天抵达杜伊斯堡的运行速度，2016年兰渝铁路通车后，运行时间还将缩短到12天。目前，新疆霍尔果斯口岸已经开关。这里拥有现代化的设施，气候环境也适宜客运，旅客列车未来可能从这里出境，届时，重庆市民就能坐“渝新欧”班列去欧洲游玩了。

2014年8月14日柏林时间凌晨4点，首趟渝新欧进口汽车整车回程班列由德国杜伊斯堡港成功出发，预计16-18天后到达重庆。此趟回程班列对德中两国经贸发展具有重大意义。

“大通道”带来大视野、大思维

“一带一路”国家战略的实质是向西开放。向西开放，首在通路，次在通商。市长黄奇帆说，与世界联系，要么通过航空，要么通过铁路、水路、公路，要么通过电讯、通信、网络，这些通道必须足够畅通。近年来，重庆力求抓好三件事：一是大通道建设，一是大通关建设，一是大平台建设。其中，“大通道”居首。

为此，重庆定出的目标是：到2020年建成“西部中心枢纽”。为达此目标，重庆将在未来5年内完成包括12条铁路干线、15条高速公路在内的庞大基建工程，并建设成为往来中东欧地区贸易的一个重要中转站。

之前多年，重庆对周边省市的辐射力一直受制于基础设施等因素。一位不愿透露姓名的经济学者此前受访时曾表示，重庆直辖后，积极投资建设了总长2000公里的“二环八射”高速公路网，但向外辐射的8条高速公路多数未与周边省市的路网接通。因此，尽管重庆近年来一直试图提升对外辐射力，但在多个方向上，实际上只能在重庆自己的辖区内“自我辐射”。

今后，随着各个方向“大通道”的建设，重庆将加强与北京、上海、广州等中国一线城市的紧密联系，实现与香港、欧洲的快速通达，重庆将进入到“大连通时代”。

“大通道”的建设，改变的将不仅仅是运程时间，还包括重庆人思考问题的广度和深度。随着重庆与一线大城市联系更加紧密，重庆可以顺利融入首都经济圈、长江经济圈、珠三角经济圈，而且可以更好地发挥长江经济带和“一带一路”战略节点的作用，更紧密地联系欧洲市场。有了连通世界的“大通道”，重庆人才会有放眼看世界的大视野，才会拥有“辐射中国”“辐射全球”的大胸襟。这时，重庆不再偏安一隅，而是放眼天下。

比如，以前重庆要与欧洲通商，“难于上青天”，“渝新欧”开通后，重庆的产品可以快捷直达欧洲，欧洲产品也可以方便到达重庆，现在在重庆建成的欧洲商品城、保税商品展示交易中心等就是例证。今后，重庆与“渝新欧”沿线各国不仅可以运输货物，还可以运送旅客，发展旅游。

重庆还有要生产1亿台笔记本电脑、打印机等电子终端产品的目标，其中95%是卖到全世界去的，这个95%当中又有40%是到欧洲的。如果重庆的产品运到沿海，再通过沿海运到欧洲，时间多花一个多月不说，成本也很高，产品就难卖出去，重庆要建设全球最大的笔记本电脑基地就不可想象。现在渝新欧一开通，所有问题都解决了。而且欧洲货运到重庆，还可以贸易批发辐射内陆——重庆500公里半径上有2亿多人口，1000公里半径上有5亿多人。从这个意义上讲，重庆人的视野一下子就变得宽广开来，这就是“大通道”带来的效应。

“大通道”的陆续建成，将给重庆带来深远影响，这不只是运程时间，关键是思考问题的宽广度。

编辑：吴俊琰

Chongqing may be integrated into the “economic circle of ten hours”.

The establishment of trade relations lies on road f rst. Known as an inland city in Southwestern China, whether or not Chongqing is brought closer to the first-tier cities is crucial to its development. With the high-speed train from Chongqing to Beijing run into operation, Chongqing has been brought closer to the capital of China ever since, maybe it will be involved in the “economic circle of ten hours”. In this sense, a prop backs Chongqing.

In addition, among top three tier-one cities running highspeed train to Beijing, Chongqing together with Shanghai and Guangzhou is able to accomplish the goal starting at dawn and arriving at dusk.

It’s reported, with the Shanghai-W uhan-Chengdu highspeed railway run into full service on July 1, 2014, the trip from Chongqing to Shanghai is shortened to around ten hours from previous twenty-f ve hours.

Meanwhile, with the opening of Chongqing - Lichuan high-speed railway, the trip from Chongqing to Guangzhou is shortened to about eight hours from previous twenty-two hours.

The high-speed railway makes Chongqing closer to the most developed cities belonging to the club of f rst-tier cities in China, therefore Chongqing has ever been integrated into the economic circles of capital, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. Going to Surrounding Big Cities is just like Stopping by the Relatives

At the beginning of the New Year, a good news was circulated about Chongqing i.e. an hour only from Chongqing to Chengdu, faster than going to Shapingba in the rush hour. It’s said the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway (also known as “Chengdu-Chongqing passenger line”) is scheduled to open to the public on February 1, 2015, pushing Chengdu and Chongqing of ficially into the economic circle of an hour.

CNR Chongqing reported that the renovation project of the Chongqing-Guiyang railway (Chongqing section) broke ground on December 22, 2014. Upon renovation, the intercity passenger train in between will shorten travel time to two hours from ten hours and a half.

It will take three hours only from Chongqing to Kunming in the future. It’s expected the 700-km Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway will be built since 2016 and run into operation in 2020. Taking 250-300km per hour for current high-speed train as an example, it will take around three hours.

Chongqing, located at the juncture of the Silk Road Economic Belt, China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor, and Yangtze River Economic Belt, will ef fectively create an “economic belt of one to three hour(s)”, going to surround big cities is just like stopping by relatives, and the return trip can be made on the same day.

It’s said the high-speed railways from Chongqing to Xi’an, Changsha, and Zhengzhou will be opened in the future. The trip from Chongqing to W uhan takes five hours now, instead of previous f fteen-f ve hours, reducing two thirds of time.

Six Hours only to Hong Kong

According to the railway authorities, the Guizhou-Guangzhou high-speed railway was run into service on December 26, 2014, travel time in between was reduced to four hours from twenty hours, which is a good news to the citizens of Chongqing as the railway not only connects to the Beijing-Kowloon railway, but it will link with the new Chongqing-Guiyang high-speed railway under construction, genuinely turning to be a gateway to have access to the seas. At present, the construction of the new railway is in full swing, and it’s expected to be completed in 2017. By then, it will take six hours only for the citizens from Chongqing to Hong Kong.

It’s hard to imagine going to Hong Kong by train as it’s far away and passengers usually take airplane now. In the future, the journey would be highly likely as it will make travel and shopping possible within half a day only, and therefore Chongqing is brought closer to Hong Kong.

Twelve Days only to Europe

Europe, on the other side of the planet, is far away from Chongqing. The trip from Chongqing to Europe would ride on the Yangtze River, arrive in Shanghai, and cross the vast ocean, more than thirty days. It takes twelve-fourteen days only simply because the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe train is run into operation.

With forty train wagons loaded with 2,800 tons of cargo departed smoothly from Chongqing West Railway Station on October 18, 2010, the domestic section of the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe int’l railway was officially run into service. The maiden train arrived in Duisburg of Germany on March 19, 2011, symbolizing its off cial opening and taking sixteen days via six countries.

Its regular train schedule since April 2014 made it the most reliable, regular, and eff cient path among all railways from China to Europe.

It’s reported it takes thirteen days to Duisburg from Chongqing, and will further reduce to twelve days after the Lanzhou-Chongqing railway will be run into operation in 2016. Presently, a new port at Huo’erguosi of Xinjiang is open to the public, through which passenger trains will drive in the future as it is fitted with modern facilities and suitable climate. By then, the citizens of Chongqing can t ravel to Europe by“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”

“Great Gateway” Broadens Vision

The essentiality of “One Belt and One Road” national strategy refers to opening-up westward with a focus on road first and trade second. Mayor Huang Qifan stated, connecting to the rest of the world could be achieved either by aviation, train, waterway, and road, or through telecommunication, communication, and network, all of which must be guaranteed smooth. In recent years, Chongqing urged to put weight on three tasks: a) the construction of great gateways, b) the construction of big ports, and c) the construction of big platforms, with the great gateway as its core. As a result, Chongqing set a goal i.e. to become “the central hub in Western China” by 2020. In order to attain the goal, Chongqing will complete the construction of an immense infrastructure program including twelve main railways and f fteen highways in f ve years, and turn out to be a pivotal transit stop of trade and commerce between China and East Europe.

Having been restricted by factors e.g. infrastructure, a ripple effect of Chongqing over surrounding provinces and cities wasn’t very evident. An economic scholar who spoke on the condition of anonymity pointed out, since Chongqing was directly managed by the State Council, it proactively put investment into building the highway network featuring “two rings and eight radial highways”, a total mileage of 2,000km, however most of the eight radial highways aren’t connected to the network of cities and provinces nearby. Even though Chongqing attempted to enhance its capacity over the past years, it can only inf uence itself in many respects.

With the construction of “great gateway” in each direction in the future, Chongqing will be successfully brought closer to the f rst-tier cities e.g. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou etc., which will be ushered into “an era of great connection” and is easy to reach out to Hong Kong and Europe.

The construction of “great gateways” alters not only trip time but also the spectrum and profundity the people of Chongqing think about issues. With convenience being created with Chongqing integrated into the tier-one cities in transport, Chongqing can be smoothly integrated into the economic circles of capital, the Yangtze River, and the Pearl River Delta, moreover the Yangtze River Economic Belt,“One Belt and One Road”, and European market. Relying on the “great gateways” linking with the rest of the world, Chongqing will broaden its vision and have ambitions of“inf uencing the rest of the country” and “even the rest of the world”. In this sense, Chongqing, no longer set aside, is able to look on the world.

For instance, establishing trade relations between Chongqing and Europe was like climbing to heaven in the past. Products in Chongqing can be swiftly delivered to Europe and vice versa since the opening of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” int’l railway. Not only can Chongqing and countries along the railway ship cargo, but also they can transport passengers and develop tourism. The European Commodities Town and Bonded Commodities Exhibition & Transaction Centre Chongqing develops are by all means a testimony.

Chongqing had an objective of producing 100 million sets of laptops, printers, and all kinds of devices in recent years, among which 95% are sold to the rest of the world, including 40% to be marketed to Europe. If products of Chongqing were transported to the coast, then shipped to Europe, not only would it take more than a month but it would cause high costs, resulting in unfavourable commodities in the targeted markets. It’s hard to imagine how Chongqing builds itself the largest base of laptops worldwide. The opening of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”int’l railway addressed every issue; furthermore, European products that are shipped back to Chongqing can be sold to the entire inland through wholesaling, as there are 200 million populations within a 500-km radius of Chongqing and 500 million populations within a 1,000-km radius of Chongqing. In this case, Chongqing’s vision is broadened as a result of the “great gateway” effect.

The construction of “great gateways” was completed one after another is of far-reaching significance for Chongqing, not only about trip time but spectrum and profundity of thinking about issues.

Great Gateway Broadens Vision

Written by Tang Gang