如何做英语中的“句型转换”
2015-07-16马霞
马霞
中图分类号:G633.41
文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-7661(2015)05-0106-01
英语教学中,学生们一遇到“句型转换”这类题型,就觉得无从下手。在二十几年的教学生涯中,我总结出它有这样几点规律,供大家参考。
一、如何做“肯定句改否定句”
碰到这种题目,你首先应查看一下句中有没有“特殊定式动词”(如1S、am、are、was、were、shall、will、can、may、must、could、would、should作助动词用的have、has、had等)。如有上述动词,则只要在这些动词后加not即可。例如:Sheis from Beijing.She is not from Beijing如没有上述动词,则应根据谓语动词的人称和时态,确定加do not、does not或did not.确定之后,将其加在谓语动词之前,并将不是原形的谓语动词还原成原形。例如:要将下列句子改成否定句。Mr.Smith had a meeting yesterday思考:(1)句l}|无特殊定式动词;(2)谓语动词为had; (3)had为过去式,应加did not; (4)过去式had应还原成动词原形。于是得出:Mr.Smith did nothave a meeting yesterday.肯定祈使句变成否定祈使句,通常是在句首加Don't。例如:
1 Put the pen on your desk.
Don't put the pen on yourde sk.
2.Let him go home Don't let lum go home.
二、如何做“肯定句改一般疑问句”
做这类题目,也需要先查看一下有没有“特殊定式动词”。如果有,可采取:一调、二改、三问号的步骤,即将特殊定式动词调到句首,改大小写,将句号改问号。例如:He isateacher. (is) (He)a teacher. Is he a teacher?
如果没有,则先查明谓语动词的人称和时态,然后采取:一加、二改、三问号的步骤,即在句首加Do或Does或Did,改大小写,并将动词改成原形,最后将句号改成问号。例如:He gets up at 7: 00 in the morning. Does (He) (gets up) at 7: 00ill the morning?Does he get up at 7: 00in the moming?
三、如何就划线部分提问
就划线部分提问就是把陈述句改为特殊问句,即“疑问词+一般疑问句”。如果划线部分是宾语或状语(例如:Thezoo opens at 9:00)我们不妨采取这样四个步骤:(1)弄清句意:“这个动物园九点开门。”(2)选定疑问词:What time或When; (3)变一般疑问句:把划线部分以外的部分(The zooopens)变成一般疑问句(即does the zoo open);(4)套用句型:“疑问词+一般疑问句”。答案:What time does the zoo open'l
如果划线部分是主语或修饰主语的定语,只需要根据句意选定疑问词,代替划线部分,其余照写,最后加问号。例如:l.Tom speaks English well.(主语Tom用who代替)Whospeaks English well?
2.My sister is a driver.(my是主语sister的定语,用whose代替)
Whose sister is a driver?
如果对其他成分的定语提问,则应注意把定语所修饰的词,连同疑问词一起前移到句首。例如:I have ten books inmy bag. How many books do you have in your bag'l如果划线部分是谓语,就是问:“某人干什么?”疑问词肯定是what解题时运用下列句型:What do you do'l注意助动词同主要动词要根据时态和人称进行变化,如:What does he (she)do? What did they do? What willyou do? Whatis he (she)doing?等。举例来说:She is reading booksin the room.Sheis doing?
What is she doing in the room?
如果划线部分是表语,就是根据句意选择如下的疑问词:how,who、what、how old、what...like等。例如:He is sixyears old. How old is he?
The weather was fine yesterday What was the weather like yesterday?
总之,英语中的“句型转换”这类题并不难,它是有规律可循的。在平时让学生多训练,我相信一定能达到预期的效果。