简析why的特殊用法
2015-05-30魏代芬
魏代芬
why是一个常用词,它在中学英语教材中使用得非常广。该词的词性也较多,可以作疑问副词、关系副词、名词和感叹词。其特殊用法较多,也较难掌握。现对why的特殊用法分述于下:
1.why+不带to的动词不定式可以用来引导疑问句。这种提问常表示做某事是愚蠢的、无意的或不必要的。
Why pay more at other shops?
为什么到别的商店去多花钱呢?
Why stand up if you can sit down?
要是你能坐下,为什么站着?
Why argue with him ? He' ll never change his mind.
为什么要跟他争论?他永远不会改变看法的。
Why ask me? Why,then,wait?问我干什么?那么,还等什么呢?
注:如果这种句子不带情绪色彩,而不定式带情态意义时,则可用带to的不定式:
What to do next?( =What are we to do next ? )
我们下一步该怎么办呢?
2.Why not+不带to的动词不定式的用法:
(1)表示提出建议或劝告:
Why not let lend you some money ?
Why not take a holiday ?
Why not join us ? 这种句子也可以写为:
Why don't you join us?
注:a.why not后可接名词:
Why not just a flower ?
b.why not后可接名词词组:
Why not a cup of tea ?
c.why not后可接动名词短语:
Why not going to the park?
还有Why not go there?这种问句所表示的时间是过去还是现在时或将来时,须依上下文来决定。
(2)表示赞同:
A:I' m going to put this whole weekend down , minute by minute.
B:Why not ? 对嘛。
A:Will you come ?
B:Yes, why not ?
(3) why not = why should ...not(是的,会来的.)
A:You shouldn't smoke ,
B:Why not?( = Why shouldn't I smoke?)
A:The bath - house won't open today .
B:But why not?
Could they agree with one another as to what an elephant was like ? Why not ?
3.why so=Why ( do you say-) so ?
I cannot think why you like him so ?
Why do you think so ?(= What makes you think so?)
Why is it so difficult to learn English ?
4.why作名词表示理由或原因:
I cannot explain why.
The man cannot start the car.Tom knows why.
Let us see why and how.
Tell me all the whys and wherefores.
5.why+否定式谓语一般用现在时表示将来。
Why don't you all come to my college next Tuesday ?
你们下星期二都到学校来不好吗?
We are going to have a walk in the county.
Why don't you come either?
Why don't you try again?
注:这种句子的现在时也可以表示立即的将来:
Why don't you go? 你怎么不去?
I haven't quite finished my tea yet.
Why don't you go and see the doctor?
6.why所引出的问句中,常用一般现在时表示刚过去的事:
Why do you sigh?你为什么叹气?
Why on earth do you say that?
注:Why ask me ? 这种问句所表示的时间,是过去时还是现在时或将来时,须依上下文来决定。
7.Why + should的用法:
(1)Why should...?表示“不能理解”之意:
Why should it get colder when we go up a mountain ?
Youre getting , nearer to the sun.
爬山的时候,为什么越来越冷呢?不是离太阳越来越近吗?
Why should you ride in a carriage with the best of them ?
(2)Why should...?表示恼怒和生气:
-- Give me a cigarette.-- Why should I ?
——给我一支烟。——为什么要给你?
8.Why作感叹词用表示吃惊、承认、轻微的抗议和反对等:
Why that's John over there.嗨,约翰在那儿。
Why dont you know me ? 啊,你难道不认识我吗?
Why you' re right , maybe.咳,恐怕你是对的罗。
9.Why should ...not ...?
在修饰“I see no reason ...There is no reason ...”之类的句子时,须用why one should的正常语序;单独使用时,仍用问句语序:
There is no reason )Why should I not ride in a taxi ? (倒装)
There is no reason why he should refuse.( = There is on reason for his refusing).(正常)
10.the reason why:
关系副词可以省去先行词,如:
Tell me ( the reason ) why you came.
That's ( the reason ) why you went.
最后应说明的是,在下列两种情况下不能用Why:
1.在带to的动词不定式前不能加why组成动词不定式短语;其它疑问代词( who,what, whom, which, whose,whether)和疑问副词( when, where,how)可以加在带有to的动词不定式前构成动词不定式短语。
2.在非限定性定语从句中一般不用why引导(其它关系词可以引导)。