新媒体视阈下高校思想政治教育科学化问题研究

颜 倩，王新伟

(1. 广东工业大学计算机学院，广东 广州，510006； 2. 广东工业大学学生处，广东 广州，510006)

新媒体视阈下高校思想政治教育科学化问题研究

颜 倩1，王新伟2

(1. 广东工业大学计算机学院，广东 广州，510006； 2. 广东工业大学学生处，广东 广州，510006)

新媒体对当代大学生学习生活方式产生着深远的影响，大学生思想政治教育的内容和方法也正面临着深刻的变革，积极探索新形势下高校思想政治教育如何科学化开展势在必行。面对新的机遇和挑战，高校思想政治教育工作应转变传统观念，主动适应新媒体时代提出的新要求，通过整合资源构建网上网下协同保障工作机制，创设发展平台加强校园文化建设和师生媒介素养教育，着力打造实体和虚拟空间有机结合的思想政治教育新模式，不断提升大学生思想政治教育科学化水平。

新媒体；高校；思想政治教育；科学化

当今社会，新媒体技术不断发展进步，作为使用新媒体最为广泛和活跃的大学生群体，其学习方式、思维方式和生活方式正日益被烙上新媒体时代的印记。新媒体在给高校思想政治教育创设全新路径的同时，也对大学生世界观、人生观、价值观的形成产生着较为显著的影响。高校思想政治教育工作如何迎接新媒体带来的机遇和挑战，结合青年学生成长成才的需要，找准着力点和契合点，不断探寻新媒体时代思想政治教育工作的新规律和新方法，增强工作感染力和实效性，成为高校学生工作者亟待研究的课题。

一、新媒体的界定及其特性

互联网的高速发展使得以个人为中心的新媒体逐渐从边缘走向主流。新媒体的快速发展不断冲击着人们的思维限制，而对于新媒体的界定，学者们可谓众说纷纭，至今没有定论。“新媒体(New Media)”一词最初来源于美国，随后开始受到越来越多人的关注并扩展至全世界。联合国教科文组织曾认定新媒体就是网络媒体，上海交通大学蒋宏和徐剑则认为新媒体是以数字信息技术为基础的新的信息传播形式。[1]综合来看，笔者认为，新媒体是与报刊、广播、电视等传统媒体相对的，以数字技术、互联网技术和移动技术为基础，以电脑和手机等终端向用户提供信息或服务，能同时满足传播者和接受者信息需求的媒体形态。

新媒体视阈下信息传播主要表现为三个特征。一是传播信息主体多元化。点对面的发散性传播是传统媒体的传播模式，而新媒体则是点对点的多元网状传播，人人都可以是信息传播的发起者，人们在任何一个终端都可以自由便捷地参与交流讨论，他们彼此之间可以形成广泛而灵活的交互关系。[2]新媒体时代，受众不仅仅是信息传播的客体，还同时具有信息传播主体的角色，传统的传播主体主导的传播模式已经在极大程度上弱化，不同社会群体和社会阶层都能通过新媒体发出自己的声音。二是传播信息方式多元化。新媒体突破了时间与地域的制约，具有高度的开放性和自由性，人们可以在最大程度上整合碎片化的时间，通过各种移动终端，运用QQ群、微信、微博等载体传播个人视频、图片或声音，使得人们在表达观点和情感方面更灵活、更形象、更充分。三是传播内容多元化。新媒体的不断进步与革新，将不同形式、不同地域的宣传媒介高度融合，极大地突破了传统媒体版面、周期的限制，信息存储的极大增加和传播成本的大幅降低，使得新媒体空间呈现海量信息的混杂。

二、新媒体视阈下高校思想政治教育科学化面临的挑战

近年来，随着科学技术日新月异的发展，新媒体给高校思想政治教育工作带来较大的便利，网络越来越成为青年学生发泄情绪、表达态度的重要途径。新媒体同时也是一把双刃剑，在网络舆情热度不断提升的同时，良莠不齐的信息的扩散也使得大学生思想政治教育科学化面临新的挑战。

(一)信息来源多元化冲击大学生核心价值理念的培育

新媒体环境下，信息的交互传递更通畅、更快捷、更便利，青年大学生获取信息的方式也由以往的被动接受变为主动搜索各种各样的感兴趣的信息，甚至出现主动迎合青年人兴趣的不良信息。新媒体所呈现的大量信息往往真假难辨、良莠不齐。我国社会正处于深化改革的攻坚阶段，各种不同的声音和利益团体的力量交织在一起，包含着暴力、色情、煽动性言论等垃圾信息的传播，容易对思想状态尚不稳定的大学生造成误导和损害，在一定程度上导致其价值标准缺失，世界观、人生观、价值观都受到严重影响。

(二)资源使用便利化强化大学生对虚拟空间的日益依赖

在新媒体环境下，大学生可以不受时空的限制，在任何时间、任何地点上网、聊天、学习、娱乐等，在大学生自我调控能力还不成熟的情况下，难免会导致一部分自控性不强的学生沉迷于网络、迷恋于网络游戏。大学生可以随时随地上网浏览相关信息，下载丰富的信息资源，使得大学生不愿意记忆和深入思考问题，某种程度上也会影响大学生的学习能力和创新能力。此外，新媒体的快速发展也影响大学生正常的人际交往。在新媒体日渐普及的今天，大学生进行人际沟通和交流的方式也悄然发生着变化，微信、微博、QQ等即时通信工具的特点契合青年学生的心理需求，成为他们乐于接受和运用的载体。[3]网络对大学生活的影响正在不断加深，而对新媒体的过分依赖也势必会导致部分青年学生日常人际交往及课外活动时间的减少，造成校园生活中人际关系淡漠和交际障碍，影响大学生思想政治教育的有效开展。

(三)表达方式差异化削弱主流声音的有效传递

与传统媒体相比，新媒体的内容大多来源于普通大众，信息的获取也更加快捷化、个性化，给高校思想政治教育工作带来的影响显而易见。如果主流媒体对校园内外青年学生较为关注的大大小小的事件没有及时回应，没有客观权威的报道，借助新媒体传播的小道消息就会甚嚣尘上，使高校丧失舆论的主导权。同时在舆情传播过程中，一些所谓的意见领袖或微信公众平台异常活跃，他们的意见或观点往往能让相当一部分大学生追捧；而对一些事件持不同观点的学生党员、有建设性意见的学生群体或者学校官方声音，往往出现被质疑甚至被边缘化的现象。网上发表的意见从某种程度上说是不同意见的混合体，各方看待问题的角度、层次不同，亦有可能出现以偏概全、抓小放大甚至颠倒黑白的现象。因此，活跃的网民表达的意见有时并不能代表青年学生的内心境界和价值追求，但却经常性的占领着主流平台的位置。

三、新媒体视阈下高校思想政治教育科学化的路径选择

(一)更新教育观念，善用新媒体开展思想政治教育工作

长期以来，在我国高校思想政治教育中，社会主流媒体、学校和教师拥有绝对的话语权威，教育者掌握着几乎全部的教育信息资源。而事实上，用传统说教的方式对当代大学生进行思想教育引导已不能适应科学化的要求，很容易使大学生产生逆反心理。教育者必须适应新媒体时代的大学生见识广博、思想活跃、善于独立思考并且对新媒体技术充满着浓厚兴趣的现状这一新常态，才能在新兴技术快速发展的浪潮中有所作为。

新媒体有其鲜明的特点和规律，高校思想政治教育工作者要充分发挥其在大学生思想政治教育中的独特优势，推动育人工作科学化发展。新媒体环境下，人人都可以借助各种媒介传播个人的意见或看法，青年学生的主体性在不断增强，作为高校思想政治教育工作者要主动适应这种变化，及时转变传统的“以教师为中心”的教育观念，尊重学生的主体地位和个性发展。要认识到教育者和受教育者是思想交流过程中平等的双方，通过思想与思想的碰撞、心与心的交流，达到教学相长和潜移默化的教育效果。要依托新媒体中图文并茂、形象生动的信息传播功能，以受教育者喜闻乐见的方式构建双方交流的平台，使青年大学生在互动式的教育模式中认识、理解、认同高校思想政治教育工作者的观点或意见，并内化为个人的价值追求。

(二)注重资源整合，构建网上网下协同保障工作机制

新媒体在促进高校思想政治教育工作科学化中发挥着举足轻重的作用，但并不意味着传统教育方式的过时或者消逝。如何有效整合二者资源，形成合力，最大程度地发挥思想政治教育的针对性和实效性是解决现实问题的关键。一方面，新媒体视阈下的高校思想政治教育应贴近实际、贴近学生，既有总体设计，又有可以让青年学生感知的东西。要通过多种途径和方式了解和掌握学生的思想动态，及时发现学生群体中存在的矛盾和问题。针对新媒体环境下大学生的身心发展特点和所思所想，主动整合教育学、心理学等专业资源，多措并举做好学生思想教育引导工作。另一方面，要进一步优化网络环境，适度把握对新媒体的监督和管理。要充分利用新媒体具有较强的舆论感染力和辐射力的特点，促使正面的、积极的信息能够在最短的时间内占据宣传主阵地，使得在处理公共事件、突发事件和群体性事件中新媒体信息传播和舆论引导的价值得以最大程度的体现。[4]通过加强对新媒体的监督和管理，可以牢牢把握正确舆论导向，及时回应青年学生诉求，解答青年学生困惑，逐步构建以社会主义核心价值体系为导向的思想宣传引导阵地。

(三)创设发展平台，提升思想政治教育工作者媒介素养

新媒体的发展改变着大学生思想政治教育工作的方式方法，同时也对高校思想政治教育工作者的业务水平提出了更高要求。面对新的机遇和挑战，高校思想政治教育工作者必须顺势而为，主动破解新媒体在制约大学生思想政治教育科学化进程中存在的问题。首先，思想政治教育工作者要认识到媒介素养教育对自身发展和工作绩效的重要性，有目的有方向地围绕相关主题开展学习和实践，不断提升自我，争取成长为主动、理性、成熟的媒介使用者。其次，要通过开展系统培训、成立互帮互助小组、职业能力竞赛等途径，根据受教育者的不同特点，成立不同类别的研究小组，并灵活选择与之相适的教育模式和教学方案，不断提升思想政治教育工作者的媒介素养和合理运用新媒体的能力。最后，高校思想政治教育工作者本身也应从严要求，以身作则，与时俱进，自觉提升自身政治理论素质和思想道德素质，对思想政治教育工作保持较高的敏感度和持久力，牢牢把握大学生思想政治教育工作的正确方向。

新媒体的快速发展极大丰富了大学生思想政治教育的路径和载体，在强化大学生思想政治教育工作针对性和实效性的同时，也使得大学生思想政治教育面临诸多新的挑战。高校思想政治教育工作者要全面把握新媒体的特性，创新大学生思想政治教育的理念和方式方法，发挥优势为我所用，不断提升高校思想政治教育工作科学化水平。

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(文字编辑:徐朝科 责任校对：邹红)

Abstract:Based on the social work supervision practice in Shenzhen and United States, this paper reviewed the origin, development and new innovation in recent years of the social work supervision in both Shenzhen and United States from a historical perspective. At the same time, inspiration on the local practice of domestic social work supervision was raised based on the critical examination of the historical experience of social work supervision in Shenzhen and United States. This includes the building up of plural value system; construction of a plural dynamic system incorporating supervising goal, method, role and authority, and relationship; emphasizing the influence of the social context diversity in the supervising process.

Key words: social work supervision; development history; social context; inspiration from experience

Abstract: Legal social work is to use legal and policy knowledge to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of vulnerable groups. Legal social work is different from the psychological cognition social work，lawyer and judicial correction social work. To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of vulnerable groups requires that the social workers in the field are familiar with the legal knowledge and skills. Prominent social contradictions and enhanced awareness of rights of vulnerable groups urgently require the legal social work. The role of legal social work, on a macro-level, is to boost social comprehensive treatment and practice the basic strategy for the rule of law; while on a micro-level, the roles of legal social work include safeguarding the legal rights, rectification and enabling. The common service area of legal social work includes disputes on marriage and family, labor, disposition of road accident, processing of public security cases, housing land, social insurance and legal publicity. The profit patterns of legal social work mainly include the government buying patterns，NGOs support pattern, risks proxy mode, public welfare publicity mode, and insurance mode.

Key words: legal social work; psychological cognition social work; management social work; lawyer; common service area; profit patterns

Abstract: The EU education policy for migrant children has experienced three stages. The first stage is mainly a passive assimilation orientation policy; the second stage is a passive integration policy; and the third stage is mainly a fusion policy based on multiculturalism. There are several aspects of experience worthy of reference in the problem of the education of migrant children, such as the active fusion orientation, the participation of NGOs, the setting of government function and multiculturalism.

Key words: European Union; migrant children; education policy; implication

Abstract: Psychological reconstruction is an important content of adolescent services after disaster, and an important content in post-disaster reconstruction in various disaster-hit countries and regions. After years of development, the developed countries and China′s Taiwan region have improved post-disaster adolescent psychological reconstruction service system, including the basic concepts, policies and regulations, organization, methods and techniques, and theoretical researches. By reviewing overseas experience, our adolescent post-disaster psychological reconstruction should innovate and develop in the aspects of ideas and knowledge, policies and regulations, framework and system, organization and institutions, personnel team, mode and mechanism, method and technology, and theory research.

Key words: disaster; adolescent； psychological reconstruction； overseas experience

Abstract: This paper, based on the practice of the intervention of social work in home-based care services in Hefei City, presents the concept of “government+ social work services”, a hierarchical operational framework of home-based care. The practice shows that the intervention of social work in home-based care services has three peculiar advantages: to offer a comprehensive case management service for the aged, design various service items to furnish branded service to the aged in the community, and integrate the service resources for the aged from the inside and outside of community. To constantly promote the intervention of social work in home-based care services, it′s necessary to first strengthen the education on community services for the elderly, advocate “self-service and mutual-help” cares for the aged, enhance the construction of social service organization, and improve policy and legal support.

Key words: social work; home-based care; optimizing strategy

Abstract: This qualitative research is aimed at exploring the reasons why battered women choose not to stay in women′s shelters and the options of relevant social workers, based on in-depth interviews with these two objects. According to the research finding, the reasons for low occupancy rate of women′s shelters can be found from personal level, which are unfamiliarity with shelter services of some battered women, stuck with domestic violence environment and traditional concepts of “silence about family shame”; the reasons can also be found from social level, which are unsound legal mechanism and integration mechanism, non-ideal situation of shelter′s location and services, complex check-in procedure and inadequate publicity. We should quicken the step of building relevant laws and policies, strengthen communication to build linkage mechanism, enhance the publicity, improve shelter development, simplify check-in procedure and provide multiple supporting services.

Key words: women′s shelter; occupancy rate; reason; policy suggestion

Abstract: In the context of integration, more and more disabled students are involved in higher education, and their adaptation problems in university life have attracted attention in the community. Group work has advantages and is effective in the intervention of the adaptation problems faced by disabled college students. The group work practice of disabled college students should reflect more the value of fusion and opening, and program design should combine physical and mental traits of disabled students and groups target, and from the advantage perspective, the core of the group dynamic is enabling and mutual help.

Key words: disabled college students ; group work; social adaptation; practical research

Abstract:The paper studies the marriage and family changes from different marriage ages in Southern China rural areas in the process of social transformation, which is based on the household survey of some family in 80 villages in Guangdong province. The study proves that marriage circle in Southern China rural areas in different marriage ages expands significantly as a result of the industrialization and marketization with the reform and opening up. Marriage freedom is on the rise but conservative thoughts linger on. Family relationship and other aspects still can show the characteristics of clan culture.

Key words: social transformation; southern China rural area; marriage and family; family happiness

Abstract: In the rapid social development, public awareness in participating in expression, rights protection has improved, but the understanding of the reception department is not clear, and there are limitation of reception department personnel′s work position, and methods, and the transition from old events to new ones has left some contradictions unresolved in a timely manner, presenting new challenges for petition work. Social workers as the third party independent of the government and the masses, have the characteristic of neutrality, and share with petition work some relevance in the aspect of the service target, values and work methods. The integration of social work method with petition work will the strengthen the ability to resolve important or accumulated cases, supplementing the previous idea of blocking as a main method in petition work. With better and flexible way of handling impeaching letters and visits, “social work + petition”, a new mode of work, will be formed to solve the problem instead of blocking them, so as to decrease disordered visits and resolve contradictions to promote social harmony.

Key words: Social work; petition work; pattern

Dislocation of Professional Social Worker Education between “Institutional
Demands” and “college Training” : A Case Study of Zhengzhou city

Abstract: There is mismatch between social work institutional demand and college professional training, main shown in the mismatch between institutions′ demands for professional worker and college students′ career orientation; dislocation in institutions′ demands for professional workers and their specialization and the deficiency of college training to meet the requirement; demands for professional workers′ professional capabilities and qualities and the insufficient college training. To solve the problem, the author suggests from three aspects of college training, social work institution and government.

Key words: social work professionals; institutional demand; college training; dislocation

Abstract: The Council of Social Work Education (CSWE) of the United States of America developed “the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS)” in 2008, which describes the Integrated Curriculum Design Model of Social Work Teaching. The model includes the four parts: program mission and objectives, explicit curriculum, hidden curriculum as well as assessment. The Integrated Curriculum Design Model has an important guiding role in advances in research on USA′s social work teaching in the early 21st Century, which mainly includes four areas: permeable professional ethics teaching; competency-based explicit curriculum design; the explication of hidden curriculum; and the importance of education assessment and its combination with the innovation of teaching methods. Chinese social work teaching can critically learn a lot from the Integrated Curriculum Design Model of USA.

Key words: social work teaching; USA; integrated curriculum; design

Abstract: Task-based group social work practice teaching model is a teaching method which combines task-driven mechanism with group work. It explores the group characters of different stage by drawing the task-driven mechanism into practice teaching, and brings specific tasks into the practice teaching processes. This paper mainly discusses the implementation processes of this model by analyzing task characters and performances of different stages, including group preparation, initial stage, middle stage, later period and evaluation, to transmit from conflicts to communication and achieve the communication and interaction among the group members. This new mode aims to help students establish a value of social work, develop the practical ability of social work, provide the experience references for achieving the goal of social work education and optimize the practical education.

Key words: task-based group ; practice teaching ; mode exploration

Abstract: There are plenty of restrictive factors and difficulties for local polytechnic universities to carry out graduate education which aims at cultivating top innovative graduates. Based on the implementation of GDUT Top Innovative Graduate Cultivation Project, a model of innovative graduate cultivation on the basis of collaborative innovation is proposed to construct a collaborative innovation mechanism, and further the platform for joint training of graduate students, to accomplish the improvement of innovation capabilities.

Key words: collaborative innovation; top innovative graduates; joint training

Abstract:New media has a profound influence on the contemporary college students′ learning and life style, the content and methods of college students′ ideological and political education is also facing a profound reform, and it is imperative to actively explore the scientific development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities in the new situation. Facing the new opportunities and challenges, the ideological and political education work should change the traditional ideas, take the initiative to adapt to the new requirements of new media era. Through the planning of resource integration, a platform will be built to strengthen the campus culture and the media literacy, and strive to create a new model of ideological and political education in both physical and virtual spaces, and constantly improve the scientific level of ideological and political education.

Key words: new media; colleges and universities; ideological and political education; scientification

An Empirical Study of the Recognition, Attitudes and Response to Elder Abuse among Chinese Public

LIU Chun-yan)

(School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies，Guangzhou,Guangdong 510420)

This study, based on the data of 1223 effective questionnaires in China, has analyzed understandings of the underlying phenomenon of elder abuse, Chinese public attitudes towards it and their responses. The findings include: (1) the existence and prevalence of elder abuse in China is widely recognized. (2) The public has a relatively clear attitude towards elder abuse. Abandonment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, neglect and financial abuse have been widely recognized by the most Chinese as different forms of elder abuse. But self neglect of elders has not been considered by most people as an act of elder abuse. (3) Insufficient attention is given to the publicity and civil education of elder abuse, leading to deficient ability in the handling of elder abuse cases. It is suggested that a clear and localized definition of elder abuse should be adopted to construct modern filial piety and bring elder abuse into civil education, build a notification system of elder abuse and improve the prevention and control system for elder abuse.

elder abuse；cognition；attitude；response

Historical Evolution of Social Work Supervision and Its Inspiration——A Case Study of Social Work Supervision Practice in Shenzhen and United States

LI Xiao-feng1，HUANG Qiao-wen2，MA Rui-min3)

(1.Department of Sociology, Shenzhen, University Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060; 2.Dade Social Work Service Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510090; 3.Pingshan Datong Social Work Service Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518070)

Research on the Legal Social Work

QIAO Zhong-guo, XUE Li-bin

(School of Humanities and Social Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024)

Evolution and Implication of EU Education Policy for Migrant Children

WANG Hui-Juan

(School of Political Science and Law, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510090)

Overseas Experience of Adolescent Psychological Reconstruction after Disaster and Its Implication

LIU Bin-zhi

(Department of social work, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331)

Intervention of Social Work in Home-based Care: A Project-based Practice Research

MA Gui-xia, YE Shi-hua

(Institude of Marxism, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009)

Exploring the Reasons for Low Occupancy Rate of Women′s Shelters——A Qualitative Research from Perspectives of Battered Women and Social Workers

WANG Ting-yan

(Shunde Polytechnic , Foshan, Guangdong 528300)

An Research on the Practice of Group Work in Social Adaptation of Disabled College Students

WU Tian

(Nanjing Technical College of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210038)

An Empirical Study on the Marriage and Family Happiness during Social Transformation in Southern Rural Area

WANG Shi-bin

(Guangdong College of Industry of Commerce, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510510)

“Social Work + Petition” as a New Mode of Governance

WANG Can-can

(Yongkang City CPC Committee Party School Office, Yongkang City, Zhejiang, 321300)

LI Zhi-qiang
(School of Law and Politics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001 )

Advances in Research on Social Work Teaching in United States

DENG Ning-hua

(School of Politics and Law, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020)

A Teaching Model Exploration Based on Task Group in Social Work Practice

PEI Zhen-qi

(Institute of Population Research，Liaoning University，Shenyang，Liaoning 110036)

An Exploration of Cultivation Mode for Top Innovative Graduates Based on Collaborative Innovation: A Case Study of Local Sciense and engineering universities

XIONG Wei, YAN Qiu-sheng, ZHANG Guang-yu

(Graduate School, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006)

On the Scientification of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities from the perspective of New Media

YAN Qian1，WANG Xin-we2

(1. School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology; 2. Students′ Affairs Department, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006)

2015-07-14

颜倩(1986—)，女，回族，助教，硕士；主要研究方向：思想政治教育。

颜倩，王新伟．新媒体视阈下高校思想政治教育科学化问题研究[J].社会工作与管理，2015，15(6):88—90.

G41

A

1671-623X(2015)06-0088-03