胃间质瘤腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗对比研究
2015-02-28张桂英陈小春
张桂英 陈小春
胃间质瘤腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗对比研究
张桂英 陈小春
目的探讨腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗胃间质瘤的优缺点。方法分析2005-2014年间暨南大学第二临床医学院外科手术治疗的72例胃间质瘤患者的临床资料。根据手术方法的不同将72例患者分为腹腔镜手术组(n= 35)和传统开腹手术组(n=37)。对2组患者的肿瘤直径、手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、住院天数和手术费用等临床资料进行对比分析研究。结果腹腔镜组肿瘤直径为(3.8±0.6)cm,明显小于开腹组(5.3±1.2)cm;手术时间为(70.1±8.5)min,与开腹组(68.4±7.9)min比较无显著性差异;术中出血量(40.0±5.5)ml,明显少于开腹组(100.8 ±20.1)ml;术后进食时间(23.6±3.3)h,明显早于开腹组(35.2±5.8)h;住院时间(5.5±1.0)d,明显短于开腹组(8.2 ±1.3)d;手术费用方面,腹腔镜组和开腹组分别为(36099±141)元和(33276±126)元,两者无明显差别。结论腹腔镜胃间质瘤手术具有创伤小、术中出血量少、术后进食时间早、住院时间短等优点;但对于直径大于5 cm的胃间质瘤而言,选择开腹手术较为安全、合理。
胃间质瘤;腹腔镜;开腹手术
(The Practical Journal of Cancer,2015,30:917~918)
胃间质瘤以往通常认为是一种少见疾病,一经明确诊断通常需要手术治疗,但采取哪种手术方式目前仍存在较大争议[1-2]。为此,我们对暨南大学第二临床医学院在2005-2014年间实施外科手术的72例胃间质瘤患者,分开腹组和腹腔组进行临床综合比较分析,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
本组共72例,根据手术方法不同分成腹腔镜组和开腹组。腹腔镜组35例,男性18例,女性17例,年龄35~75岁,中位年龄59岁;肿瘤部位分布:胃窦13例,胃体14例,胃底6例,食管胃结合部2例;肿瘤直径1.0~5.2 cm。开腹组37例,男性16例,女性21例,年龄32~80岁,中位年龄62岁;肿瘤部位分布:胃窦10例,胃体9例,胃底14例,食管胃结合部4例;肿瘤直径1.5~15.5 cm。2组病例的年龄、性别及肿瘤部位分布等情况基本相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),腹腔镜组肿瘤直径明显小于开腹组(P<0.01)。
1.2 手术方法
腹腔镜组:局部切除20例,远端胃切除10例,近端胃切除4例,全胃切除1例。开腹组:局部切除11例,远端胃切除13例,近端胃切除10例,全胃切除3例。
1.3 统计学方法
计数资料用χ2检验,计量资料用t检验。
2 结果
2组患者肿瘤大小、手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、住院时间及住院费用比较,见表1。结果显示,腹腔镜组肿瘤直径明显小于开腹组,手术时间与开腹组比较无显著性差异;术中出血量明显少于开腹组,术后进食时间明显早于开腹组,住院时间明显短于开腹组,手术费用与开腹组无明显差别。本组72例患者全部治愈出院。
表1 2组患者各项指标比较(¯x±s)
3 讨论
传统的胃间质瘤切除术早已被公认为一种安全、有效的治疗胃间质瘤的术式,然而此手术切口较长、创伤大以及对腹腔干扰大。近十几年来随着腹腔镜技术的不断提高和广泛应用,腹腔镜技术在胃间质瘤切除中的应用也越来越受到重视。但腹腔镜手术也有其局限性,尤其对体积较大的胃间质瘤,腹腔镜手术容易引起肿瘤破裂和导致腹腔种植,多数学者不推荐常规应用[3-5]。为探讨腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗胃间质瘤的优缺点,以便根据肿瘤大小等因素选择合适的手术方法,我们回顾性分析2010-2014年间我院施行外科手术治疗的72例GIST患者的临床资料。根据手术方法的不同分为腹腔镜手术组和传统开腹手术组,对2组患者的肿瘤直径、手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、住院天数和手术费用等临床资料进行对比分析,现归纳比较如下。
3.1 腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除术的优缺点
3.1.1 腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除术的优点 腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除术整个操作过程对腹壁肌肉组织无明显损伤,对患者胃肠道干扰也少,术后恢复快,术后疼痛轻微,术后一般很少需要用止痛剂。术后1~2天恢复正常活动,明显缩短住院时间。本组结果显示,腹腔镜组较开腹组进食时间及住院时间明显缩短,患者术中腹壁皮肤只需要长分别为0.5 cm、1.0 cm和5.0 cm 3个小切口,术后瘢痕小或不留瘢痕,具有一定美学价值。腹腔的上述这些优点已经得到大多数学者的认同[6-7],尤其适合于肥胖、肿瘤体积较小的患者。
3.1.2 腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除术存在的缺点 主要存在三方面的劣势,一是设备和麻醉要求高、术前准备繁琐。开展腹腔镜需要昂贵的设备,对麻醉条件的要求也较高,一般认为全身麻醉效果较好,基层医院往往难以满足这些要求。而在有条件的单位行腹腔镜,术前又需要进行较繁琐的准备,如器械消毒、安装腹腔镜设备等,整个手术时间因此延长。二是腹腔镜下切除胃间质瘤术中病灶定位有时比较困难,尤其是体积小或腔内生长者,有时需要借助术中胃镜定位。三是当瘤体较大,特别是肿瘤直径大于5.0 cm时,腹腔镜下切除手术操作较困难,容易造成肿瘤破裂、扩散[2],取出标本时也需要较大的腹壁切口,与开腹手术相比无明显优势,有时还得被逼中转开腹。
3.2 开腹胃间质瘤切除术的优缺点
3.2.1 开腹胃间质瘤切除术的优点 腹胃间质瘤切除术最大的优势在于手术安全、有效、可靠,术中可以做到定位准确,可直视或手感找到肿瘤,无需胃镜协助。开腹手术整个操作过程可以做到动作轻柔,不至于造成肿瘤挤压甚至破裂等,尤其适合肿瘤直径大于5.0 cm胃间质瘤的切除。
3.2.2 开腹胃间质瘤切除术的缺点 采用开腹行胃间质瘤切除手术的缺点也是显而易见的,此手术方式所需要的切口较长、创伤大以及对腹腔干扰大等。本组研究结果显示,开腹组术中出血量明显多于腹腔镜组,术后进食时间明显晚于腹腔镜组,住院时间明显长于腹腔镜组,与Mochizuki等[8]研究结果一致。
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Study of Laparoscopic vs Open Surgery for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
ZHANG Guiying,CHEN Xiaochun.2nd Clinical Medical College of JI'nan University,Shenzhen,518020
ObjectiveTo compare the advantages and disadvantages of the laparoscope and conventional laparotomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).MethodsClinical data of 72 cases of GIST were retrospectively analyzed.According to surgical methods,they were divided into laparoscopic surgery group(n=35)and traditional open surgery group(n=37).Tumor diameter,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative eating time,hospitalization days and surgery cost between the 2 groups were comparatively analyzed.ResultsTumor diameter in the laparoscopic group was(3.8±0.6)cm,which was smaller than that of the open surgery group(5.3±1.2)cm;operation time in the laparoscopic group was(70.1±8.5)min,which had no significant difference compared with that of the open surgery group(68.4±7.9)min;intraoperative blood loss in the laparoscopic group was(40.0±5.5)ml,which was obviously less than that of the open surgery group(100.8±20.1)ml;postoperative eating time in the laparoscopic group was(23.6±3.3)h,which was obviously shorter than that of the open surgery group (35.2±5.8)h;hospitalization days in the laparoscopic group was(5.5±1.0)d,which was obviously shorter than that of the open surgery group(8.2±1.3)d;surgical cost in the laparoscopic group was(36099±141)yuan and that of the open surgery group was(33276±126)yuan,there had no significant difference.ConclusionLaparoscopic gastric surgery has the advantages of smaller trauma,less intraoperative blood loss,earlier postoperative eating time and shorter hospitalization time.But for GIST with diameter more than 5 cm,open surgery is safer and more reasonable.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST);Laparoscopy;Open surgery
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2015.06.040
R735.2
:A
:1001-5930(2015)06-0917-02
2015-02-04
2015-04-29)
(编辑:甘艳)
518020暨南大学第二临床医学院