二维斑点追踪成像对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入效果的评价及其与高敏肌钙蛋白T的相关性
2015-02-27徐景俊卢晓潇崔国利
徐景俊,张 丽,卢晓潇,潘 宁,崔国利,王 薇
·专题研究·
二维斑点追踪成像对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入效果的评价及其与高敏肌钙蛋白T的相关性
徐景俊,张 丽,卢晓潇,潘 宁,崔国利,王 薇
目的 采用二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的效果,探讨梗死节段纵向应变(LS)峰值与高敏肌钙蛋白T(hs-cTnT)的相关性。方法 选取2012年12月—2013年12月于佳木斯大学附属第一医院接受PCI术的AMI患者40例为研究对象,按照心肌梗死部位分为急性前壁心肌梗死组(21例)和急性下壁心肌梗死组(19例)。分别于PCI术前及术后4周采用2D-STI技术测定心肌病变节段LS峰值,并测定hs-cTnT水平。结果 AMI患者PCI术前各病变节段运动幅度减低,LS-时间曲线形态杂乱;术后4周,各病变节段运动幅度略恢复,LS-时间曲线形态较规整。急性前壁心肌梗死组术前与术后4周前壁基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死组术前与术后4周基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。急性前壁心肌梗死组术前hs-cTnT水平为404.2(344.0)μg/L,术后4周hs-cTnT水平为1.2(9.0)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(z=-4.015,P<0.001)。急性前壁心肌梗死组基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值变化与hs-cTnT水平变化均呈正相关(rs=0.74、0.75、0.74,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死组术前hs-cTnT水平为308.4(641.0)μg/L,术后4周hs-cTnT水平为1.9(2.6)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(z=-3.823,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死组基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值变化与hs-cTnT水平变化均呈正相关(rs=0.65、0.75、0.78,P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者PCI术后各节段LS峰值高于术前,且LS峰值变化与hs-cTnT水平变化有良好的相关性。2D-STI可定量评价AMI患者PCI术前后心肌的运动功能,可作为评价PCI术疗效的良好方法。
血管成形术,经腔,经皮冠状动脉;二维斑点追踪成像;心肌梗死;肌钙蛋白T
经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗通过心导管技术疏通狭窄或闭塞的血管,改善心肌血流灌注,近年来已广泛应用于治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)。手术前后如何准确评估左心室心肌运动功能改善情况以评价PCI的疗效,已成为国内外学者研究的热点。二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)可实时追踪斑点运动轨迹,获得左心室壁各个方向的运动参数[1-2]。与组织多普勒超声心动描计术比较,2D-STI无角度依赖性,既可定量显示心肌纵向、径向和环向的位移、速度、应变及应变率等运动参数,还可定量显示心脏扭转运动,为客观反映心脏运动功能提供更多、更真实的信息[3]。本研究运用2D-STI技术比较AMI患者行PCI术前及术后4周左心室壁梗死节段收缩期纵向应变(LS)峰值,分析其与高敏肌钙蛋白T(hs-cTnT)水平变化的关系,为PCI术的疗效评价提供临床依据。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料 选取2012年12月—2013年12月于佳木斯大学附属第一医院接受PCI术的AMI患者40例为研究对象,其中男22例,女18例;年龄35~70岁,平均年龄(54±3)岁。按照心肌梗死部位分为急性前壁心肌梗死组(21例)和急性下壁心肌梗死组(19例)。患者均经冠状动脉造影、血液酶学及心电图检查确诊,PCI术后4周严格按照医嘱复诊。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 病变节段LS峰值测定 连接胸导联心电图,嘱患者取左侧卧位,采用Philips公司iE33彩色超声诊断仪(X5-1探头,频率1~5 MHz),在图像显示清晰时于呼气末屏气,分别于心尖两腔、左室长轴、心尖四腔以及短轴(心尖、乳头肌、左房室瓣水平)共6个切面采集动态二维图像(帧频>70帧/s)。取心肌节段完整且心内膜、心外膜显示清晰的4个心动周期图像,采用CMQ分析插件进行图像分析。描计感兴趣区,使其较好地覆盖心内膜及心外膜,记录心肌病变节段LS-时间曲线,测量PCI术前及术后4周LS峰值。
1.2.2 血清hs-cTnT水平测定 分别于PCI术前及术后4周空腹采集肘静脉血,促凝,以3 500 r/min离心,离心5 min,将分离的血清放入化学发光仪内,严格按照试剂盒说明进行操作,记录hs-cTnT数值。
2 结果
2.1 心肌病变节段LS-时间曲线AMI患者PCI术前各病变节段运动幅度减低,LS-时间曲线形态杂乱(见图1)。PCI术后4周,各病变节段室壁运动幅度略恢复,LS-时间曲线形态较规整(见图2)。
2.2 急性前壁心肌梗死组各节段LS峰值 急性前壁心肌梗死组术前与术后4周前壁基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001,见表1)。
2.3 急性下壁心肌梗死组各节段LS峰值 急性下壁心肌梗死组术前与术后4周基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。
图1 AMI患者PCI术前心肌病变节段LS-时间曲线
图2 AMI患者PCI术后4周心肌病变节段LS-时间曲线
Figure2LS-timecurveoflesionsegmentsofAMIpatientsfourweeksafterPCI
Table1ComparisonofLSofeachsegmentofacuteanteriorwallmyocardialinfarctiongroupbeforePCIandfourweeksafterPCIinpatientswithacuteanteriorwallmyocardialinfarction
时间基底段中间段心尖段术前-121±38-119±32-78±48术后4周-183±28-149±43-136±34t值5622918114449P值<0001<0001<0001
2.4 LS峰值变化与hs-cTnT水平变化的相关性 急性前壁心肌梗死组术前hs-cTnT水平为404.2(344.0)μg/L,术后4周hs-cTnT水平为1.2(9.0)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(z=-4.015,P<0.001)。急性前壁心肌梗死组基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值变化与hs-cTnT水平变化均呈正相关(rs=0.74、0.75、0.74,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死组术前hs-cTnT水平为308.4(641.0)μg/L,术后4周hs-cTnT水平为1.9(2.6)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(z=-3.823,P<0.001)。急性下壁心肌梗死组基底段、中间段和心尖段LS峰值变化与hs-cTnT水平变化均呈正相关(rs=0.65、0.75、0.78,P<0.05)。
Table2ComparisonofLSofeachsegmentofacuteinferiorwallmyocardialinfarctiongroupbeforePCIandfourweeksafterPCIinpatientswithacuteinferiorwallmyocardialinfarction
时间基底段中间段心尖段术前-116±33-93±34-97±32术后4周-154±37-148±36-169±43t值340148425855P值0002<0001<0001
3 讨论
AMI是由于冠状动脉血流急剧减少或中断,导致其供血的心肌出现严重和不可逆的缺血性损伤和坏死。AMI患者超声心动图主要表现为节段性室壁运动异常,梗死节段室壁不薄,回声强度未增加,当伴有左心室增大,形态发生显著改变时,M型超声心动图和双平面Simpson′s法不能准确测量左心室收缩功能[4],斑点追踪成像仅能够半定量测定AMI患者左心室各节段LS峰值。2D-STI是近年来发展的新技术,克服了斑点追踪成像的角度依赖性,可定量评价心肌在纵向、径向及圆周方向的运动功能[5]。纵行肌纤维占心肌细胞肌纤维的70%,因此通过测定心肌长轴方向的LS可了解心肌运动功能。本研究结果显示,AMI患者心肌病变节段运动幅度减低,LS-时间曲线形态杂乱。
心肌急性供血障碍时,可产生心肌冬眠、心肌顿抑,甚至形成瘢痕,造成左心室壁节段性运动异常。近年来PCI作为治疗AMI的急诊手术广泛应用于临床,PCI术采取微创的导管穿刺到达冠状动脉的严重狭窄或阻塞处,扩张球囊疏通阻塞和狭窄,从而恢复该段冠状动脉供血区域心肌的血液供应,并及时阻止心肌损害的进一步发生,达到缺血心肌再灌注的目的[6]。由于PCI术能够有效地开通狭窄或闭塞的冠状动脉,使得处于冬眠或顿抑状态下的心肌获得再灌注血流[7],因此PCI术后4周存活心肌的收缩运动功能较术前增强。本研究结果显示,PCI术后4周与术前比较,梗死节段的LS峰值增高,心肌的运动幅度增强。
AMI患者检测首要生化指标为肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌红蛋白(MYO)和肌钙蛋白T(cTnT),肌钙蛋白是心肌损伤的特异性和高敏感性的标志物,而hs-cTnT可反映体内微量肌钙蛋白水平的变化,对AMI早期诊断具有良好的灵敏度和特异度[8-9]。本研究结果显示,各节段LS峰值与hs-cTnT水平的变化均呈正相关。
2D-STI技术的准确性受到二维灰阶图像帧频、清晰度及患者体型、合并肺部疾病等影响。国外报道实时三维斑点追踪新技术可更准确、真实地反映心肌斑点运动的空间位置轨迹[10-11],但该技术尚处于初期研究阶段。
综上所述,2D-STI可获得AMI患者左心室壁各节段的LS峰值,准确判断AMI患者左心室壁梗死节段及梗死程度,定量评价AMI患者PCI术后左心室心肌的运动功能,且梗死节段LS峰值变化与hs-cTnT水平的变化有良好的相关性,为评价PCI术的疗效提供了无创、可靠的新方法。本研究未收集到足够样本量的急性后壁心肌梗死患者,存在一定的局限性。在下一步研究中,应扩大样本量,采集各类型AMI患者临床资料,以更全面评价2D-STI在AMI患者PCI术后效果评估中的价值。
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2D-STI局限性:(1)肺气肿、肥胖等声窗较差的患者,2D-STI图像的准确性较低,限制了在该类患者中的应用;(2)斑点追踪技术要求有高帧频(大于70帧/s),才能实时、准确地反映心肌运动的信息;(3)由于心脏是立体结构,从这个角度讲,2D-STI还不能完全地反映心肌的应变。应用前景:2D-STI不受测量角度的限制,且不受周围组织牵拉的影响,可无创、定量地评估心肌的应变,能够较完整、全面地评价节段性室壁运动异常的情况,为临床诊断心血管病及评价其疗效提供全新的检测方式。
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(本文编辑:吴立波)
Evaluation of the Efficacy of PCI on Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction by 2D-STI and Its Correlation With hs-cTnT
XUJing-jun,ZHANGLi,LUXiao-xiao,etal.
DepartmentofPhysicalDiagnostics,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofJiamusiUniversity,Jiamusi154002,China
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of PCI on patients with AMI by 2D-STI and to investigate the correlation between the peak value of longitudinal stain (LS) of the infarction segment and hs-cTnT.Methods We enrolled 40 AMI patients who received PCI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from December 2012 to December 2013.The subjects were divided into acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group (n=21) and acute inferior wall myocardial infarction group (n=19).Before PCI and 4 weeks after PCI, the LS peak value of each myocardial segment was determined using 2D-STI, and hs-cTnT level was also examined.Results Before PCI, the motor extent of each lesion segment of the subjects decreased, and the LS-time curves were in disorder;four weeks after PCI, the extent of ventricular wall motion of each lesion segment recovered slightly, and the LS-time curve was in order.Four weeks after PCI, the LS peak values of the wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group were significantly different (P<0.001) from those before PCI.Four weeks after PCI, the LS peak values of the inferior wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction group were significantly different (P<0.05) from those before PCI.The level of hs-cTnT of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group was 404.2(344.0)μg/L before PCI and was 1.2(9.0)μg/L four weeks after PCI, with significantly different between them(z=-4.015,P<0.001).The change of LS peak values of the anterior wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group were positively correlated with the change of hs-cTnT level (rs=0.74, 0.75, 0.74;P<0.001).The level of hs-cTnT of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction group was 308.4(641.0)μg/L before PCI and was 1.9(2.6)μg/L four weeks after PCI, with significant difference between them (z=-3.823,P<0.001).The change of LS peak values of the inferior wall basal segment, middle segment and apical segment of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction group were positively correlated with the change of hs-cTnT level (rs=0.65,0.75,0.78;P<0.05).Conclusion AMI patients have higher LS peak value of each segment than that before PCI, and the change of LS peak value has positive correlation with the change of hs-cTnT level.Through 2D-STI, quantitative evaluation could be conducted on the myocardial motor function in AMI patients before and after PCI.2D-STI is a good method for the efficacy evaluation of PCI.
Angioplasty,transluminal,percutaneous coronary;Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging;Myocardial infarction;Troponin T
黑龙江省自然科学基金面上项目(D201246)
154002黑龙江省佳木斯市,佳木斯大学附属第一医院物理诊断科(徐景俊,卢晓潇,潘宁,王薇),循环科(张丽),检验科(崔国利)
王薇,154002黑龙江省佳木斯市,佳木斯大学附属第一医院物理诊断科;E-mail:wangwei9788@163.com
R 654.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.23.003
2014-12-16;
2015-06-07)
徐景俊,张丽,卢晓潇,等.二维斑点追踪成像对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入效果的评价及其与高敏肌钙蛋白T的相关性[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(23):2758-2761.[www.chinagp.net]
Xu JJ, Zhang L,Lu XX,et al.Evaluation of the efficacy of PCI on patients with acute myocardial infarction by 2D-STI and its correlation with hs-cTnT[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(23):2758-2761.