建立完善亚欧互联互通机制逐步形成体制化机制化安排

□ 文/陈文玲

亚欧各国在发展水平、政治制度和文化背景等方面存在差异，但有着追求社会稳定、经济发展和民众幸福的共同目标。自2012年第九届亚欧首脑会议，亚欧领导人共同强调加强区域互联互通以来，促进亚欧互联互通和产业对接的呼声也越来越高。随着“一带一路”战略的提出和推进，亚欧之间的交流与合作会越来越密切。正如2014年国务院总理李克强在第十届亚欧首脑会议发言指出，“亚欧国家虽同在一块大陆，但经贸往来却受制于不少地理障碍。联则通，通则兴，亚欧大陆迫切需要互联互通。中国提出建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路，愿与地区国家一道构建亚欧大陆基础设施互联互通网络，深化区域合作，促进各国发展”。今年5月27-28日将在重庆举办亚欧互联互通产业对话会。会议将就如何加强亚欧互联互通建设，加强产业合作，促进区域内货物、服务、资本和人员的高效流动，便利贸易和投资，破除区域一体化瓶颈，出谋划策，共享智慧。

推进亚欧互联互通，需要要建立长效的制度化安排，促进各方在经贸往来、文化交流、能源共享、安全保障、生态保护和公共物品提供等多领域形成更广泛、持久的合作机制，让更多国家参与，覆盖更广合作领域，提供更深合作程度。

第一，充分利用现有的多边合作机制，同时创新多边合作方式。应充分利用、完善、整合和对接现有的多边合作机制和平台，具体包括亚太经合组织（APEC）、上海合作组织（SCO）、亚信会议（CICA）、中国-东盟“10+1”、亚欧会议（ASEM）、欧亚经济联盟、大湄公河次区域（GMS）经济合作、博鳌亚洲论坛等。在利用和整合现有多边机制基础上，探索发起建立“亚欧互联互通”多边合作机制和平台。应当使亚欧互联互通和产业链合作对话会机制化,成立理事会、对话咨询委员会和秘书处，召开年会、研讨会以及其它学术讨论会，讨论亚欧互联互通和产业链合作领域的重要问题，提出地区性或全球性的倡议。

第二，推进贸易与投资的自由化和便利化，推动建立亚欧自由贸易区。消除投资和贸易壁垒，构建区域内和各国良好的营商环境，积极推进国家和地区共同商建自由贸易区，激发释放合作潜力。亚欧国家宜加强信息互换、监管互认、执法互助的海关合作，以及检验检疫、认证认可、标准计量、统计信息等方面的双多边合作。推进建立统一的全程运输协调机制，达到“一次通关、一次查验、一次放行”的便捷通关目标，降低国际运输成本和提高贸易物流便利化水平。加强供应链安全与便利化合作，推进跨境监管程序协调，推动检验检疫证书国际互联网核查，开展“经认证的经营者”（AEO）互认。遵守世界贸易组织有关规则的基础上开展区域性合作，建立高标准、宽领域的亚欧自由贸易区，形成欧亚大陆经济整合新格局，进一步完善全球政治经济秩序。

第三，建立亚欧国家和地区的产业互动和互补机制。亚欧国家共同优化产业链分工布局，推动上下游产业链和关联产业协同发展，鼓励建立研发、生产和营销体系，提升区域产业配套能力和综合竞争力。亚欧国家应加强宏观经济政策协调，交流产业发展规划，研究成立亚欧产业链合作平台、产业投资基金等，推动产业链合作，重点在智慧制造、大数据、云计算、移动互联网、节能减排、环保、新能源等领域开展全产业链合作，携手推进亚欧经济可持续发展。要发挥好亚洲基础设施投资银行在亚欧互联互通中的作用，为亚欧乃至全球基础设施和项目提供融资保障。

第四，强化政府间合作交流机制。亚欧国家发展水平参差不齐、利益诉求各异、国家间关系错综复杂。各自经济发展战略和对策进行交流，本着求同存异的原则，亚欧国家应通力合作，稳步形成互动的战略谋划和战略布局，在各领域务实合作，互通有无、优势互补，共享机遇、共迎挑战，实现共同发展、共同繁荣，形成互利共赢合作的“最大公约数”。在形成高度共识的基础上，构建双边为主、多边为辅的政府间交流机制。各国应坚持团结互信、平等互利、包容互鉴、合作共赢的原则，加强沟通与协调，共同制定合作蓝图，积极落实各项任务，定期评估进展情况。

第五，加强智库合作与交流。亚欧合作涉及方方面面的问题，形成发展和合作共识，不仅需要政府的推动，更需要得到亚欧各国人民的理解和支持，需要通过民间更多的交流，增加共信、共识、共知和共赢。民间和企业之间的交流活动，可以对政府间交流与合作形成有益的补充。要加强亚欧各国智库、企业家、研究机构、学者和人民团体之间的交往，全方位、多角度了解彼此的重大关切、文化脉络、政策走向，夯实战略互信基础。要加强亚欧智库之间关于亚欧互联互通和产业对接的探讨与交流，定期开展对话论坛，联合开展研究。

Although there are differences in the level of development,political institution and cultural background among Asian countries,the pursuit of social stability,economic growth and people’s happiness has always been their common purpose.Since the shared emphasis on the enhancement of regional connectivity was put forward by heads of state in the 9th ASEM,the demands of promoting the connectivity and the industrial connection between Asia and Europe have been increasing.The communication and cooperation between the two will be enhanced with the promotion and implementation of the “Belt and Road”strategy.Just as premier Li Keqiang mentioned in the speech at the 10thASEM in 2014,“Although we are in the same continent,the geographical restriction has hindered the communication among countries in Asia and Europe and both are eager for connectivity since it is the source of prosperity.China plans to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and wishes to cooperate with other countries in building infrastructure of Eurasian continent,forging connectivity network,deepening the regional cooperation and promoting the development of all countries.”The Industrial Dialogue of Asia-Europe connectivity will be held in Chongqing this year on March 27 to 28 and it will concentrate on strengthening the construction of the Asia-Europe connectivity,enhancing industrial cooperation,promoting the effective circulation of commodities,services,capitals and labors among regions,facilitating the trade and investment,removing the bottleneck of regional integration,working out and sharing the strategies.

To promote Asia-Europe connectivity,efforts have to be made in the establishment of long-term institutional arrangements to facilitate the foundation of a wide and everlasting cooperation mechanism of all parities in the fields of commercial trade,cultural communication,energy sharing,security control,ecological protection,supply of public materials and so on.Countries should be involved as many as possible and the coverage of cooperation fields is supposed to be expanded for further collaboration.

Firstly,the existing multi-lateral cooperation mechanism should be fully utilized while new approaches should also be established.The existing multi-lateral cooperation mechanisms and platforms,including APEC,SCO,CICA,China-ASEAN (10 plus 1),ASEM,Eurasian Economic Union,GMS and BFA should not only be fully employed,improved and integrated but also interconnected with each other.Based on this,efforts should be put in the establishment of the multilateral cooperation mechanism and platform of “Asia-Europe connectivity”.The institutionalization of the dialogue of Asia-Europe connectivity and industrial chain cooperation should be propelled,specified as establishing the council,dialogue advisory committee and secretariat,holding annual meetings,seminars and other academic colloquiums so as to discuss the important issues in the Asia-Europe connectivity and the industrial chain cooperation and put forward regional or global proposals.

Secondly,the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment should be promoted to fuel the establishment of the Asia-Europe Free Trade Zone.The barrier of trade and investment should be removed and the business climate both regionally and globally should be constructed.Common discussions among countries and regions should be actively carried out to build the free trade zone by collective efforts and thus the cooperative potential will be triggered.Customs cooperation among countries in Asia and Europe should be enhanced in aspects like information exchange,mutualrecognition of regulation and mutual-assistance of law enforcement just the same as those with the bi-and multi-lateral cooperation in fields like inspection and quarantine,certification and accreditation,standard measuring and information counting.To reach the goal of facilitating customs clearance,which is supposed to be “one declaration,one inspection and one release”,a unified full-course transport coordination mechanism should be established and the international transportation costs should be lowered while the facilitation level of trade logistics should be raised.The cooperation that is designed to enhance the safety of supply chain and facilitation and the promotion of both procedure coordination of the crossborder supervision and internet verification of inspection and quarantine certificates should also be implemented as well as AEO mutual recognition.Regional cooperation should be carried out on the premise of abiding by the related principles of WTO and a high-standard and wide-ranging Asia-Europe free trade zone should be forged to formulate the new pattern of the economic integration of Eurasia and further improve the global political and economic orders.

Thirdly,the industrial interactive and complementary mechanism in countries and regions in Asia and Europe should be established.Countries in Asia and Europe should put collected efforts in optimizing the layout of labor-division in industry chain and promoting the balanced development of the overall industry chain and related industries.The foundation of the systems of R＆D,production and marketing should be encouraged to strengthen the matching ability and overall competitiveness of regional industries.They should also enhance their coordination in macro-economic policies and exchange ideas about industrial development planning.The establishment of the cooperative platform of Asia-Europe industry chain as well as the industrial investment funds should be discussed.The cooperation of the industry chain with the focus putting on the pan-industry chain cooperation in fields like intelligent manufacturing,big data,cloud computing,mobile internet,energy conservation and emission reduction,environment protection and new energy should be promoted.Countries in this area should devote their joint efforts to the promotion of the sustainable development of Asia-Europe economy.The role of AIIB should be fully played in the connectivity of Asia and Europe to offer the financing safeguard for the infrastructure and projects in Eurasia even the world.

Fourthly,the communicative mechanism among governments is supposed to be enhanced.Since there are differences in the level of development and interest appeal in Asian and European countries and the relation among them are complicated,the principle of “seeking common ground while reserving differences”should be carried out in their communication of strategies of promoting economic growth.Asian and European countries have to work together to found the interactive strategic scheme and layout.Pragmatic cooperation should be implemented in all fields and countries have to exchange for their needs and make their respective advantages complementary to each other.Opportunities should be shared and challenges should be met by joint efforts.All above are conductive to achieving the best result of the mutually beneficial cooperation.On the basis of the high consensus,an inter-governmental communication mechanism,which is “bilateral as dominating while multi-lateral as supplementary”,will be established.Principles of solidarity and mutual trust,equality and mutual benefit,tolerance and mutual-learning,win-win cooperation should be upheld.Communication and coordination should be strengthened and the blueprint of cooperation should be drawn by joint efforts.Asian and European countries should also proactively commit all the obligations and evaluate the progress regularly.

Finally,the think-tank cooperation and communication should be reinforced.To have further development and cooperation consensus,not only the promotion launched by government is necessary,but also the understanding and support from people of Asian and European countries are needed since the cooperation between the two parties involves many common aspects.It’s supposed to be more frequent non-governmental exchange to enhance the trust,identity,understanding and benefit in a mutual way.The communication between the public and enterprises can work as a sound supplementary to the communication and cooperation among governments.Communications among think-tanks,entrepreneurs,research institutions,scholars and non-governmental organizations of all Asian and European countries should be strengthened for the mutual awareness of important events,cultural context and policy trend in a comprehensive and multi-perspective way.Thus,the strategic base of mutual trust can be consolidated.Conservation between the think-tanks of the two parties about the Asia-Europe connectivity and industrial connection should be enhanced and the periodical dialogue forum and joint research should also be essential.