三步快速解阅读理解题

连世华

读理解是高考英语的重头戏，根据高考阅读理解的命题原则和思路，本文总结了快速解题的三个步骤，希望能对考生备战2015年高考有所帮助。

第一步：浏览全文，把握主题与脉络

先阅读文章的第一段、中间段落的第一句以及最后一段。大部分文章的主题都会出现在文章的首段或末段，段落的主题句大都是首句。如果首句没有说明问题，也可延伸到第二句，通过这种浏览式的阅读，把握文章的主题和结构。

（2014年高考江西卷C篇）Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.

With existing medical knowledge and skills，two-thirds of the worlds 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.

ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft， there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation（合作）among countries.

ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses， who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China， ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.

For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people； $1，300 helps teach a doctor new skills；and for $13，000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.

65. The first paragraph is intended to ______.

A. introduce a new way of reading

B. advise the public to lead a simple life

C. direct the publics attention to the blind

D. encourage the public to use imagination

解析：推理题。根据第一段前两句的句意可知，作者是想通过第一段把读者的注意力吸引到盲人的身上。选C。

69. What can be the best title for the passage？

A. ORBIS in China

B. Fighting Blindness

C. ORBIS Flying Hospital

D. Sight-saving Techniques

解析：主旨大意题。本文在第一段巧妙地通过一个闭眼实验把我们的注意力吸引到盲人身上，接下来通过讲述ORBIS给盲人所做的工作来宣传ORBIS，最后号召我们为ORBIS捐款来帮助更多的盲人。所以，本文实际上是在介绍ORBIS Flying Hospital。选C。

第二步：抓关键词，准确定位题干

找出题干中的关键词，结合第一步中已了解的各段主题，找出题干在原文中的位置，给题干准确定位。特别注意段首、段末、转折处、因果关系处及中文提示处，这些地方都是常见的出题点。仔细阅读题干所在的句子及其前后句，准确理解、对照，并进行合理的推断，选出答案。

66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world？

A. They are adequate.

B. They have not been updated.

C. They are not equally distributed.

D. They have benefited most of the blind.

解析：推理题。题干中的关键词是existing medical knowledge and skills，我们能够很快定位在第二段的最后一句。结合句意可知，选C。

67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ______.

A. teaching medical students

B. training doctors and nurses

C. running flying hospitals globally

D. setting up non-profit organizations

解析：细节题。题干中的关键词是help the blind by，我们能够很快定位在第三段和第四段。结合句意可知，选B。

68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph？

A. Appeal for donations.

B. Make an advertisement.

C. Promote training programs.

D. Show sympathy for the blind.

解析：推理题。题干中的关键词是in the last paragraph，可以准确定位在末段。根据最后一段的第一句可知，作者在呼吁我们为这个项目捐款。选A。

第三步：排除干扰，去伪存真

通过前两个步骤，考生应该能解出大部分题，但有些题的干扰项迷惑性较强，这就需要考生练就一双火眼金睛去排除干扰，选出正确答案。干扰项往往具有如下特征：

1. 扩缩范围，以偏概全或过度概括。文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有些干扰项通过增加、改变或去掉限定词，扩大或缩小语言范围。

2. 偷换概念或张冠李戴。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，但所述细节与原文一致。

3. 正误并存。在某个干扰项中，一部分是正确的，其他部分是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。

4. 把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已经发生的事情。

5. 推理判断题中直接陈述原文的选项。

（作者单位：甘肃临泽县一中）

（责任编校 彭益）