IGF2R在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及与肿瘤进展的相关性研究
2014-08-07张珉黄波张玲吕威力
张珉+黄波+张玲+吕威力
[摘要] 目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子2受体(IGF2R)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达情况与临床病理因素的关系。 方法 收集80例NSCLC组织及10例癌旁正常肺组织石蜡标本制成切片,利用免疫组织化学染色(SP)法检测IGF2R的表达,并分析其与各种临床病理因素的关系。 结果 IGF2R主要定位于细胞膜及细胞质,80例NSCLC组织中,46例(57.5%)为高表达,在非癌性肺组织中弱表达或无明显表达。IGF2R表达同低级别pTNM分期(P=0.038)、局部淋巴结转移减少(P=0.021)相关。 结论 IGF2R的表达与NSCLC低级别pTNM分期、局部淋巴结转移减少相关。
[关键词] 胰岛素样生长因子2受体;非小细胞肺癌;肿瘤标志物;免疫组织化学
[中图分类号] R734.2[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)04(c)-0012-03
Correlation study of IGF2R expression in non-small cell lung cancer and tumor progression
ZHANG Min1 HUANG Bo2 ZHANG Ling1 LV Wei-li1
1.Department of Pathology,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang 110034,China;2.Department of Pathology,Liaoning Cancer Hospital,Shenyang 110042,China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical significance of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Paraffin-embedded specimens from 80 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 10 normal lung tissues adjacent to the cancer tissues were collected.The expressions of IGF2R protein were detected by immunohistochemistry,and its relationship with various clinical pathological factors was analyzed. Results IGF2R mainly located in cell membrane and cytoplasm,among 80 lung cancer specimens,46 samples showed high expression levels of IGF2R (57.5%),IGF2R was not detected or weakly positive stained in nonneoplastic lung specimens.High expression of IGF2R was correlated with low pTNM (P=0.038) and reduced lymph node metastasis (P=0.021). Conclusion High expression of IGF2R correlate with low pTNM and reduce lymph node metastasis in NSCLC.
[Key words] IGF2R;Non-small cell lung cancer;Tumor marker;Immunohistochemistry
胰岛素样生长因子2受体(insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor,IGF2R)属于Ⅰ型膜整联蛋白,稳定状态下,约90%的IGF2R定位于细胞内,其余10%位于细胞膜表面,其对于胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factor 2,IGF-2)等配体具有高亲和性,对肿瘤的发展可起到抑制作用[1-3]。IGF2R蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织中的表达情况及意义目前尚无报道,本实验将探讨IGF2R在NSCLC组织中的表达水平及其与肺癌临床病理因素之间的关系,深入研究IGF2R与NSCLC发生、发展的关系。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验材料
选取2003~2006年辽宁省肿瘤医院手术切除并经病理确诊的NSCLC标本80例,10例对照标本取自同期距离癌灶边缘>5 cm并经HE染色证实的正常肺组织。所有患者术前均未接受放、化疗。80例肺癌标本中,男性41例,女性39例;年龄40~78岁,中位年龄59岁;将肺癌标本根据世界卫生组织2004年的分类标准分为鳞癌34例,腺癌46例;其中高分化11例,中分化27例,低分化42例;淋巴结转移49例。临床病理分期根据国际抗癌联盟(International Union Against Cancer,UICC)1997年修订的肺癌pTNM分期标准:Ⅰ期15例,Ⅱ期32例,Ⅲ期33例。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 免疫组织化学所有标本均用10%中性甲醛溶液固定,石蜡包埋,制成4 μm切片,采用SP法检测IGF2R蛋白的表达情况。IGF2R单克隆抗体购自美国Abcam公司,SP法试剂盒及DAB显色试剂盒购自福州迈新生物技术公司。切片滴加IGF2R一抗(1∶100)4℃湿盒内孵育过夜,次日按照SP试剂盒说明书进行染色,DAB显色,苏木素复染。以PBS代替一抗作为空白对照。细胞染色强度以细胞着色阴性、淡黄色、黄棕色、深棕褐色分别记0、1、2、3分;染色范围以着色细胞量占肿瘤细胞<10%、11%~25%、26%~75%及>75%分别记0、1、2、3分,两项计分相乘为最终得分(0~9分),得分≤4分为低表达,>4分为高表达。
1.3 统计学处理
所得数据采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据处理,免疫组织化学染色结果各组间的比较采用χ2检验及Fisher确切概率法,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 免疫组织化学的结果
免疫组织化学染色显示,IGF2R主要定位于细胞质及细胞膜(图1),80例NSCLC组织中,46例(57.5%)为高表达,在非癌性肺组织中弱表达或无明显表达。IGF2R表达与低pTNM分期(P=0.038)、局部淋巴结转移减少(P=0.021)相关,与患者年龄(P=0.498)、性别(P=0.506)、肿瘤组织类型(P=0.648)、肿瘤分化水平(P=0.655)、肿瘤T分期(P=0.260)等均无相关性(表1)。
图1 IGF2R在癌组织中阳性表达(SP×400)
A.肺腺癌;B.肺鳞癌
表1 IGF2R表达与NSCLC临床病理特征的关系[n(%)]
3 讨论
IGF2R属于Ⅰ型膜整联蛋白,结构上与胰岛素样生长因子1受体(insulin-like growth factor receptor,IGF-1R)及胰岛素受体(insulin receptors,IR)具有同源性,对IGF-2具有高亲和性,且亲和性大于胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1),对于胰岛素无亲和性[4]。IGF2R具有抑制肿瘤的作用,在体内、体外均可抑制细胞生长[2],主要是因为:①IGF2R可以结合并降解IGF-2,IGF-2在多种肿瘤组织中高表达,IGF-2与IGF-1R结合将激活信号转导通路,发挥促进细胞生长、增殖、分裂及抑制凋亡的作用,相反,如果IGF-2同IGF2R结合后将被内吞并转运至溶酶体降解[1-2];②转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)前体可结合于IGF2R并被激活,通过相关信号通路进一步抑制肿瘤细胞生长[5-6];③IGF2R可结合细胞外溶酶体酶并将其转运至细胞内溶酶体,减少活性酶对细胞外基质的降解,抑制肿瘤侵袭[1-2]。IGF2R功能的缺失常与肿瘤进展相关,肝癌、乳腺癌等多种肿瘤组织中IGF2R基因出现杂合性丢失或突变,部分突变发生在IGF2R与TGF-β等配体的结合区,可能影响IGF2R发挥抑瘤作用[7]。肿瘤细胞DNA的错配修复系统常遭到破坏并引发微卫星不稳定性,在胃癌等肿瘤中微卫星不稳定性可发生在IGF2R基因编码区,导致编码的IGF2R蛋白被截短失去与细胞膜结合的功能域而形成可溶性蛋白或被进一步降解,引起IGF2增高和TGF-β减少,使肿瘤细胞的生长及运动失去控制,促进肿瘤的发展[2-3,6,8-15]。
IGF2R与NSCLC发展关系的研究多集中于基因层面:在肺鳞癌组织中IGF2R基因常发生杂合性丢失并在IGF-2结合部位编码区发生突变[3],在IGF2R基因3′非编码区的IGF2R-A2/B2变异可降低基因转录的稳定性,并与肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖及病情进展相关[16]。IGF2R蛋白在NSCLC组织中的表达及其临床病理意义目前尚无报道,本研究通过免疫组织化学染色方法首次发现NSCLC组织中IGF2R表达与低级别pTNM分期(P=0.038)及局部淋巴结转移减少(P=0.021)相关,但与患者年龄(P=0.498)、性别(P=0.506)、肿瘤组织类型(P=0.648)、肿瘤分化水平(P=0.655)、肿瘤T分期(P=0.260)等均无相关性,提示IGF2R可能发挥抑制NSCLC进展的作用,这与现有基因水平的研究结果一致,但IGF2R具体发挥抑癌作用机制是否与其介导IGF-2降解、TGF-β激活以及溶酶体转运等途径相关尚需进一步研究。
作为具有抑制肿瘤发展作用的蛋白,IGF2R在NSCLC组织中低表达的机制目前尚不十分清楚,可能的原因:①部分IGF2R等位基因全部突变的肺鳞癌细胞可能因抗原识别表位结构改变使IGF2R抗体无法识别;②基因突变使IGF2R蛋白结构改变而更易于降解;③IGF2R等位基因中的一个由于遗传印记作用在肺癌细胞中常发生沉默[3,17]。由于IGF2R基因突变是肝癌等多种肿瘤发展过程中的早期事件,该指标同样也可作为NSCLC发展的早期分子标志物[3,18]。
综上所述,IGF2R高表达与NSCLC进展呈负相关,IGF2R有可能成为NSCLC筛查、诊断及治疗的新靶点。
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(收稿日期:2014-03-09本文编辑:林利利)
[9]Martin-Kleiner I,Gall TK.Mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) in carcinogenesis[J].Cancer Lett,2010,289(1):11-22.
[10]Probst OC,Verena P,Barbara S,et al.The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor restricts the tumourigenicity and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma cells[J].Int J Cancer,2009,124(11):2559-2567.
[11]O′Gorman DB,Weiss J,Hettiaratchi A,et al.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor overexpression reduces growth of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo[J].Endocrinology,2002,143(11):4287-4294.
[12]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.
[13]Zavras AI,Pitiphat W,Wu T,et al.Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor gene-167 genotype increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in humans[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(2):296-297.
[14]Chen Z,Ge Y,Landman N,et al.Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells[J].BMC Cancer,2002,30(2):18.
[15]Osipo C,Dorman S,Frankfater A.Loss of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor expression promotes growth in cancer by increasing intracellular signaling from both IGF-Ⅰ and insulin receptors[J].Exp Cell Res,2001,264(2):388-396.
[16]Kotsinas A,Evangelou K,Sideridou M,et al.The 3′ UTR IGF2R-A2/B2 variant is associated with increased tumor growth and advanced stages in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Cancer Lett,2008,259(2):177-85.
[17]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.
[18]Yamada T,De Souza AT,Finkelstein S,et al.Loss of the gene encoding mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor is an early event in liver carcinogenesis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(19):10351-10355.
(收稿日期:2014-03-09本文编辑:林利利)
[9]Martin-Kleiner I,Gall TK.Mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) in carcinogenesis[J].Cancer Lett,2010,289(1):11-22.
[10]Probst OC,Verena P,Barbara S,et al.The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor restricts the tumourigenicity and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma cells[J].Int J Cancer,2009,124(11):2559-2567.
[11]O′Gorman DB,Weiss J,Hettiaratchi A,et al.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor overexpression reduces growth of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo[J].Endocrinology,2002,143(11):4287-4294.
[12]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.
[13]Zavras AI,Pitiphat W,Wu T,et al.Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor gene-167 genotype increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in humans[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(2):296-297.
[14]Chen Z,Ge Y,Landman N,et al.Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells[J].BMC Cancer,2002,30(2):18.
[15]Osipo C,Dorman S,Frankfater A.Loss of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor expression promotes growth in cancer by increasing intracellular signaling from both IGF-Ⅰ and insulin receptors[J].Exp Cell Res,2001,264(2):388-396.
[16]Kotsinas A,Evangelou K,Sideridou M,et al.The 3′ UTR IGF2R-A2/B2 variant is associated with increased tumor growth and advanced stages in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Cancer Lett,2008,259(2):177-85.
[17]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.
[18]Yamada T,De Souza AT,Finkelstein S,et al.Loss of the gene encoding mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor is an early event in liver carcinogenesis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(19):10351-10355.
(收稿日期:2014-03-09本文编辑:林利利)