喙荚云实的化学成分研究*
2014-08-02马瑞婧杨巡纭和东阳王利勤
马瑞婧, 杨巡纭, 和东阳, 王利勤
(云南师范大学 化学化工学院,云南 昆明 650500)
喙荚云实(CaesalpiniaminaxHance)为豆科(Leguminosae)云实属(Caesalpinia)植物,产于广东、广西、云南、贵州和四川[1],其种子入药,名苦石莲,我国民间用于治疗风热感冒、痢疾、淋浊、痈肿、跌打损伤等症,其根、苗也可用于外感发热、痧症、疮疡肿毒、瘰疠、风湿骨痛、跌打损伤[2].目前对其种子的化学成分研究报道较多,主要得到卡萨烷型二萜和黄酮(包括高异黄酮)等酚性成分[3].卡萨烷型二萜和高异黄酮类成分是云实属植物特征性成分,这两类成分在植物中分布狭窄,结构形式和生物活性表现出多样性[4-5].为深入研究喙荚云实化学成分,本文对喙荚云实的枝和叶进行了化学成分研究,从该植物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别是:S(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(1)、loliolide(2)、vomifoliol(3)、taraxerol(4)、3,13-dihydroxy-12-oleananone(5)、glutinol(6)、3β-hydroxysitost-5-en-7-one(7),化合物1~3为倍半萜,4~6为三萜,7为甾体,所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.
1 仪器与材料
紫外分析采用ZF-II型四用紫外分析仪(上海顾村电光仪器厂);1H、13C NMR谱用Bruker Avance 500MHz 核磁共振仪测定,四甲基硅烷(TMS)为内标.薄层层析材料为青岛海洋化工厂生产的硅胶G和GF254型硅胶板;柱层析材料为青岛海洋化工厂生产的100~200、200~300目硅胶;Sephadex LH-20为瑞士GE Healthcare公司产品.显色剂为5% H2SO4乙醇液,喷洒后适当加热;所用溶剂全部为工业级重蒸使用.
喙荚云实(CaesalpiniaminaxHance)的枝和叶由西双版纳热带植物园崔景云高级工程师2010年6月采于西双版纳并鉴定.
2 提取与分离
干燥的喙荚云实枝和叶5 kg,粉碎后用95%乙醇室温提取4次,减压蒸馏,得浸膏385 g;分别用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得乙酸乙酯部分150 g,正丁醇部分31 g;用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(10:1~1:1)对乙酸乙酯部分进行硅胶柱层析,梯度洗脱得到11个流分(Fr.A~Fr.K).Fr.B(12.4 g)经硅胶柱层析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯,13:1)分为Fr.B.1-B.6,其中Fr.B.3又经硅胶柱层析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯,13:1;石油醚-氯仿1:1)得到化合物4(807.5 mg)和6(64.3 mg);Fr.D(8.8 g)经硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯,3:1)分为Fr.D.1-D.6,其中Fr.D.2又经凝胶柱(氯仿-甲醇,1:1)和硅胶柱层析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯,8:1)得到化合物5(7.7 mg);Fr.F(2.1 g)经硅胶柱层析(石油醚-丙酮,5:1)分为Fr.F.1-F.3,其中Fr.F.2又经硅胶柱(氯仿-丙酮,15:1)和凝胶柱层析(氯仿-甲醇,1:1)得到化合物1(7.5 mg)和2(7.5 mg);Fr.G(19.5 g)经硅胶柱层析(石油醚-丙酮,3:1)分为Fr.G.1-G.6,其中Fr.G.3又经凝胶柱(氯仿-甲醇,1:1)和硅胶柱层析(氯仿-丙酮,10:1;石油醚-丙酮,5:1)得到化合物7(20.1 mg);Fr.H(8.2 g)经硅胶柱层析(石油醚-丙酮,3:1)分为Fr.H.1-H.3,其中Fr.H.2又经硅胶柱(氯仿-甲醇,50:1;石油醚-乙酸乙酯,3:2)和凝胶柱层析(氯仿-甲醇,1:1)得到化合物3(3.3 mg).
3 结构鉴定
化合物1,Positive ESI-MSm/z:223[M+1]+,C13H18O3,黄色固体.1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:6.87(1H,d,J=16.0Hz,H-7),6.49(1H,d,J=16.0Hz,H-8),5.97(1H,br s,H-4),2.52(1H,d,J=16.0Hz,H-2),2.36(1H,d,J=16.0Hz,H-2),2.33(3H,s,H-10),1.91(3H,s,H-13),1.12(3H,s,H-12),1.04(3H,s,H-11);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:197.5(C-3),197.1(C-9),160.6(C-5),145.1(C-7),130.4(C-8),127.7(C-4),79.3(C-6),49.6(C-2),41.5(C-1),28.4(C-10),24.4(C-11),23.0(C-12),18.7(C-13).与文献[6]对照,鉴定该化合物为S(+)-dehydrovomifoliol.
化合物2,Positive ESI-MSm/z:219[M+Na]+,C11H16O3,黄色固体.1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:5.71(1H,s,H-7),4.35(1H,m,H-3),2.50(1H,d,J=14.5Hz,H-4),2.00(1H,dt,J=14.5,2.5Hz,H-2),1.56(1H,dd,J=14.5,3.5Hz,H-2),1.78(1H,dd,J=14.5,4.0Hz,H-4),1.80(3H,s,H-11),1.49(3H,s,H-10),1.29(3H,s,H-9);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:182.6(C-8),172.0(C-6),112.9(C-7),86.8(C-5),67.8(C-3),47.3(C-2),45.6(C-4),36.0(C-1),30.7(C-9),27.0(C-11),26.5(C-10).与文献[7]对照,鉴定该化合物为loliolide.
化合物3,白色固体.1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:5.90(1H,m,H-4),5.84(1H,m,H-8),5.79(1H,m,H-7),4.41(1H,m,H-9),2.45(1H,d,J=17.0Hz,H-2),2.24(1H,d,J=17.0Hz,H-2),1.90(3H,s,H-13),1.29(3H,s,H-10),1.08(3H,s,H-12),1.01(3H,s,H-11);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:197.9(C-3),162.5(C-5),135.7(C-8),129.0(C-7),127.0(C-4),79.1(C-6),68.1(C-9),49.7(C-2),41.2(C-1),24.1(C-11),23.8(C-10),22.9(C-12),18.9(C-13).与文献[8]对照,鉴定该化合物为vomifoliol.
化合物4,白色晶体(石油醚-乙酸乙酯).1H-NMR(C5D5N,500 MHz)δ:5.61(1H,m,H-15),3.44(1H,m,H-3);13C-NMR(C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:160.0(C-14),118.7(C-15),79.8(C-3),57.6(C-5),51.1(C-18),50.7(C-9),43.3(C-19),41.0(C-4),39.9(C-8),39.5(C-1),39.4(C-17),38.5(C-10),37.6(C-13),36.9(C-16),35.6(C-12),35.0(C-7),35.0(C-21),31.6(C-29),31.6(C-22),30.6(C-26),30.2(C-28),29.7(C-20),27.8(C-23),27.3(C-2),26.0(C-27),23.1(C-30),20.8(C-6),19.4(C-11),18.0(C-24),17.3(C-25).与文献[9]对照,鉴定该化合物为taraxerol.
化合物5,白色晶体(石油醚-乙酸乙酯).1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:3.78(1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-3),1.20(3H,s,H-29),1.18(3H,s,H-28),1.17(3H,s,H-23),1.07(3H,s,H-30),1.06(3H,s,H-26),1.01(3H,s,H-27),0.97(3H,s,H-24),0.96(3H,s,H-25);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:214.8(C-12),84.0(C-13),75.4(C-3),55.4(C-5),50.6(C-14),49.5(C-8),47.2(C-18),42.7(C-9),40.6(C-4),39.1(C-22),38.1(C-10),35.7(C-11),35.6(C-1),34.6(C-29),33.1(C-19),32.6(C-28),32.5(C-23),31.9(C-21),30.8(C-16),30.3(C-17),28.2(C-20),27.3(C-7),25.9(C-2),25.5(C-30),25.4(C-15),24.1(C-26),21.0(C-6),19.3(C-27),18.3(C-24),18.1(C-25).与文献[10]对照,鉴定该化合物为3,13-dihydroxy-12-oleananone.
化合物6,白色晶体(石油醚-氯仿).1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:5.66(1H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-6),3.49(1H,br s,H-3),1.18(3H,s,H-27),1.16(3H,s,H-26),1.11(3H,s,H-25),1.06(3H,s,H-29),1.02(3H,s,H-30),1.01(3H,s,H-23),0.97(3H,s,H-28),0.87(3H,s,H-24);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:141.6(C-5),122.0(C-6),76.3(C-3),49.7(C-10),47.4(C-18),43.1(C-8),40.8(C-14),39.0(C-4),37.8(C-22),36.0(C-13),35.1(C-16),34.9(C-19),34.6(C-9),34.5(C-11),33.1(C-29),32.4(C-21),32.1(C-28),32.1(C-15),30.4(C-30),30.1(C-12),29.0(C-17),28.3(C-23),27.8(C-20),25.5(C-7),23.7(C-24),19.6(C-1),18.4(C-27),18.4(C-26),18.2(C-2),16.2(C-25).与文献[11]对照,鉴定该化合物为glutinol.
化合物7,Positive ESI-MSm/z:451[M+Na]+,C29H48O2,白色固体.1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:5.68(1H,s,H-6),3.67(1H,m,H-3),1.19(3H,s,H-19),0.92(3H,m,H-21),0.83(3H,m,H-29),0.82(3H,m,H-26),0.81(3H,m,H-27),0.69(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:202.4(C-7),165.2(C-5),126.1(C-6),70.5(C-3),54.7(C-17),50.0(C-14),49.9(C-24),45.8(C-8),45.4(C-9),43.1(C-13),41.8(C-4),38.7(C-10),38.3(C-12),36.4(C-20),36.1(C-22),33.9(C-2),31.2(C-25),29.1(C-23),28.6(C-1),26.3(C-15),26.1(C-16),23.1(C-28),21.2(C-19),19.8(C-11),19.0(C-26),18.9(C-27),17.3(C-18),12.0(C-21),12.0(C-29).与文献[12]对照,鉴定该化合物为3β-hydroxysitost-5-en-7-one.
图1 化合物1-7的结构
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