《鲁滨逊漂流记》

胡志美

《鲁滨逊漂流记》是世界上最著名的探险小说之一。大家对这部小说评价很高，因为它不仅内容生动有趣而且主题意义深刻。此外，由于书中的语言通俗易懂，因此自1719年出版以来，这本小说就广为流传。人们有时候把《鲁滨逊漂流记》当做是英国的第一本小说。目前，它已经被翻译成多种语言。

《鲁滨逊漂流记》的作者是丹尼尔·笛福，生于1660年，1731年逝世。他是现实主义文学的先驱人物，在英国文学史上起到了重要作用。笛福非常有才，培养了诸多兴趣爱好，涉猎了包括政治、写作、新闻等等在内的领域。年轻的时候，笛福服过兵役，游历了西班牙、意大利、法国和德国。这些经历后来成为了他写作的原型和材料。笛福很关心穷人，提倡为他们改善社会环境。当时，英国正处在一个资本主义迅速发展的时期。笛福对资本主义的缺点深表担忧，于是他写了很多反对资本主义的文章，但却因此而两度入狱。直到60岁时他才开始撰写《鲁滨逊漂流记》这部名著。该书出版后流传广泛，不久之后便家喻户晓，妇孺皆知。笛福的写作风格浅显易懂，这使得他的书受到大众的喜爱，不管是受过良好教育的人还是受教育程度较低的人都能欣赏他的小说。

Robinson Crusoe can be divided into three parts. The first part is about Crusoes three voyages； the second part is about his hunting， farming and his hard struggles against nature on a small island； the third part is about the things which happened after his return from the island. Among these three parts， the second part is the body of the novel in which Robinsons character is clearly shown.

《鲁滨逊漂流记》大致由三部分组成。第一部分讲的是鲁滨逊的三次出海经历，第二部分主要记叙了鲁滨逊在一个小岛上打猎、耕种和与自然作斗争的过程，而第三部分则是讲他从岛上回归人类社会后的事情。在这三部分中，第二部分是该书的主体，该部分清楚地展现了鲁滨逊的性格。

Robinson Crusoe left England on a sea voyage in September 1651 against his parentss wishes. Actually， Robinson Crusoe ran away from home because he wanted to become a sailor while his father insisted that he should stay at home and study law. But during that journey， his ship was taken over by some pirates and Crusoe became the slave of a Moor. Before long， he managed to1 escape with a boat and made friends with a captain of a Portuguese ship. The captain carried him to Brazil where he became the owner of a large farmland with the help of the capitan.

1651年9月，鲁滨逊不顾父母的反对坐船离开了英格兰。确切地说，他是离家出走，因为他自己想成为一名水手而他的父亲则坚持让他呆在家里学习法律。但是，在出海途中，他乘坐的轮船被海盗劫持，鲁滨逊因此沦为一个庄园里的奴隶。不久之后，鲁滨逊搭船成功逃出并且和一个来自葡萄牙的船长成为了朋友。船长把他带到了巴西并且帮助他拥有了一大片土地。

But he soon missed the excitement of the sea. Then he joined an expedition to bring slaves from Africa. Unfortunately2， his ship was caught in a heavy storm about forty miles out to sea on a remote island. Crusoe was the only one who survived this terrible shipwreck and he found himself deserted on a small island. Luckily， he managed to grab3 a few things from the ship before it sank into the sea. The things he saved included several boxes of matches， some food and a gun that he needed to live. Being far away from human society， he had to find ways to make a living4 all by himself.

但是不久之后，鲁滨逊就开始想念海上生活的刺激，于是他加入一个远征队去非洲贩卖奴隶。不幸的是，他们在离海四十英里的一个小岛上遇到了大风暴。鲁滨逊是这次事故中的唯一幸存者，他被搁浅在一个小岛上。好在他赶在船沉入海底的时候抢出了一些东西，包括几盒火柴、一些食物和一把枪。远离人烟的他必须一个人生活下去。

He first built himself a hut5 so that he had a place to live and protect himself from the danger outside. Then he went hunting for food with his gun. He also successfully learned how to grow barley and rice and how to train and raise sheep. Besides， he spent his spare time reading Bible and started believing in God. After many years of living alone， Robinson one day found that the island was visited by someone. He wondered “Was it someone who can come to my rescue6 and get me back to London？” But it turned out that those visitors were local cannibals （野人）. They came to the island from time to time and ate prisoners for food. Once the cannibals even attacked Crusoe but he got rid of7 them with his gun.

他首先建造了一座小木屋使他不受外面的事物威胁。接着，他扛着枪去打猎找食物并成功地学会了如何种植大麦和水稻，还学会了如何驯化和饲养山羊。此外，他还在空余时间阅读《圣经》，并开始相信上帝。一个人生活了许多年以后，有一天，鲁滨逊发现小岛上有人来过，“这会是谁呢？他能把我带回人类社会吗？”鲁滨逊这样想到。但是鲁滨逊后来发现，来者是一些当地的野人，他们时不时地到岛上来，并且把一些囚犯杀了当食物。他们有一次还袭击了鲁滨逊，但是鲁滨逊用枪保护了自己。

Robinson dreamed of owning some servants to keep him company and also work for him. Therefore， when he later came across a prisoner who just escaped from the cannibals， he helped him and saved him from death. Then Robinson took the prisoner back to his hut and named him “Friday” because it was on Friday when they first met. From then on， Robinson and Friday lived together. Robinson taught Friday how to speak English， guided him to read Bible and led him to have faith in God. Many years passed and once Robinson and Friday found that more local Cannibals arrived. They killed most of the cannibals and saved two prisoners， one is Fridays father and the other is a Spanish. They planned that they would all go back to the human society. Some time later， an English vessel8 appeared. Robinson made a deal with the captain who agreed to take Robinson and Friday back. After he returned to his home， he learned that his family believed him dead. As a result， he was left nothing in his fathers will. He then left England for Brazil and was told that he became rich. Friday was together with him all the time. Later in his life， Robinson married and had three children. After his wife died， Friday and he went back to the island for a last time.

鲁滨逊一直想要为自己找一个奴仆，所以当他后来碰到一个从野人那里逃出来的囚犯时，鲁滨逊帮助他逃跑并且成功地使他免于一死。鲁滨逊把这个囚犯带回住的地方并给他取名叫“星期五”，因为鲁滨逊是在星期五碰到他的。从那以后，鲁滨逊和“星期五”一直生活在一起，并教他说英语，引导他相信上帝。很多年以后，有一次鲁滨逊和“星期五”发现岛上又多了很多野人，他们杀了大部分的野人，并且营救了两个俘虏，一个是“星期五”的爸爸，一个是西班牙人。他们计划着一起回到人类社会。过了一段时间，一艘英国轮船经过，鲁滨逊和船长达成协议，船长同意带他们回英国。回去之后，鲁滨逊发现家人都认为他已经死了，因此他父亲在遗嘱里没有留给他任何东西。于是他离开英国前往巴西并被告知他变得有钱了。“星期五”从始至终都陪伴着他。鲁滨逊后来结了婚，生了三个孩子。妻子死后，他和“星期五”又再去了小岛上一次。

After reading Robinson Crusoe， we can draw a conclusion that the author tried to convey9 several messages. First， we should have the courage to stick to10 our dreams and live the kind of life we really want. Without dream， life is like a desert， dry and meaningless. As readers， we should learn from Robinson that it is important to have dreams and more importantly to have the determination11 to achieve our dreams. We may meet some hardships12 but as long as we never give up and truly believe in ourselves， our dreams will eventually come true. Secondly， hard-working is necessary if we ever want to get rid of difficulties and live a better life. If Robinson were lazy， he would have been dead. We may not face the same hardship as he did， but we do have a lot of things to do both in our study and daily life. So we cant afford to be lazy and aimless. To sum up， we should learn a valuable lesson from Robinsons hard-working， courage and creativity in this novel.

读完这部小说，我们可以从中总结出作者想要传达的几点寓意。首先，我们要有勇气坚持自己的梦想，去过我们自己真正想过的生活。没有梦想，生活就像一片沙漠，了无生气，毫无意义。作为读者，我们都应该学习鲁滨逊，敢于坚持自己梦想，更重要的是为实现梦想而努力奋斗。我们也许会碰到很多困难，但是只要我们不言放弃，并且真正地相信自己，我们的梦想就一定能实现。其次，我们还学到，如果我们想要摆脱困难过上更好的生活，我们就需要非常勤奋。如果鲁滨逊很懒的话他可能早就死了。我们也许不会碰到像他那样的困难，但在我们的学习和生活中同样有很多事情要做。所以我们不能懒惰，不能漫无目的。总的来说，我们需要学习鲁滨逊在这部小说中展现出来的努力、勇敢和创新思维。

[1] manage to 设法做到；达成 [2] unfortunately adv. 不幸地

[3] grab vt. 夺取；抓住 [4] make a living 谋生，维持生活

[5] hut n. 小屋 [6] come to ones rescue 解救某人

[7] get rid of 摆脱，除去 [8] vessel n. 船，舰

[9] convey vt. 传达 [10] stick to v. 坚持；忠于

[11] determination n. 决心；果断 [12] hardship n. 困苦；苦难；艰难险阻