超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障的疗效分析
2014-07-25廖文江刘贤升闫亚红欧阳君
廖文江 刘贤升 闫亚红 欧阳君
【应用研究】
超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障的疗效分析
廖文江 刘贤升 闫亚红 欧阳君
超声乳化;白内障;急性闭角型青光眼;人工晶状体;小梁切除术
目的 评估超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年12月于我院住院治疗的急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障患者54例(56眼)的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为2组,A组行超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,B组行超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术,分析两组术前及术后2个月视力、眼压、前房深度、前房角宽度改善情况及并发症情况等。结果 2组术后视力较术前均不同程度提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);2组患者术后视力组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.132,P=0.716)。2组术前眼压分别为(23.15±2.47)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)、(23.94±3.07)mmHg,术后眼压分别为(14.95±1.86)mmHg、(13.72±2.41)mmHg,2组术前眼压差异无统计学意义(t=1.061,P=0.294);2组术后眼压较术前均不同程度降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);2组患者术后眼压组间比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.910,P=0.062)。2组术后前房深度及前房角宽度较术前均不同程度增加,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.001);2组患者术后前房深度及前房角宽度比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.300、0.924,P=0.199、0.359)。两组并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.383,P=0.036)。结论 超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障疗效确切,并发症少,可作为优先选择的手术方式。
[眼科新进展,2014,34(12):1184-1186]
合并年龄相关性白内障的急性闭角型青光眼是目前临床较常见的疾病类型,晶状体因素在发病过程中具有重要的意义[1]。目前关于该病手术方式的选择仍存在争议,包括单纯抗青光眼手术、单纯白内障手术、青光眼白内障联合手术等[2]。我院采用超声乳化术联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障,取得了较好的疗效,本研究回顾性分析了该手术术后病情改善及并发症发生情况,并与单纯超声乳化人工晶状体植入术相比较,评估该手术的疗效,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年12月于我院住院治疗的的急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障患者54例(56眼)的临床资料,其中男28例(30眼),女26例(26眼),左眼27眼,右眼29眼,年龄60~78(65.5±6.7)岁。排除其他类型白内障以及房角粘连>270°者,无合并影响该手术的其他眼部病变及全身性疾病。按照手术方式的不同,将患者分为2组,一组行超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术(A组),其中男14例(16眼),女14例(14眼),年龄60~75(64.2±7.2)岁;另一组行超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术(B组),其中男14例(14眼),女12例(12眼),年龄62~78(66.1±6.4)岁;两组患者性别比例及年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 手术方法 超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术:患者仰卧位,常规消毒铺无菌巾后,复方托吡卡胺滴眼液散瞳,爱尔卡因液表面麻醉术眼后,于角膜缘颞侧作长约3 mm弧形切口,前房内注入透明质酸钠,常规环形撕囊,水分离,超声乳化晶状体核及皮质,I/A吸除剩余皮质部分,然后向前房内再次注入少量透明质酸钠撑开房角,植入人工晶状体于囊袋内,吸出透明质酸钠,水闭切口,手术结束。超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入+小梁切除术:在上述手术的基础上,于角膜缘上方作结膜瓣并翻转暴露巩膜,再作以角膜缘为基底的巩膜瓣,翻转巩膜瓣切除小梁组织。术后均给予妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液减轻炎症反应,复方托吡卡胺滴眼液每天一次滴眼活动瞳孔。
1.3 观察项目 术后随访3~9个月,平均6个月。观察比较两组术前及术后2个月的视力、眼压、前房深度、前房角宽度等指标及并发症发生情况。视力采用国际标准视力表检测,术前检测降低眼压、基本恢复角膜透明度后的矫正视力;采用Goldmann压平眼压计测量眼压,连续测量3次,取平均值;采用超声生物显微镜检查房角深度及前房角宽度。
2 结果
2.1 视力 2组术前视力比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.286,P=0.593);2组术后视力较术前均不同程度提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);2组患者术后视力组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.132,P=0.716,见表1)。
表1 2组手术前后视力比较Table 1 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative visual acuity between two groups (eye)
2.2 眼压 2组术前眼压比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.061,P=0.294);2组术后眼压较术前均不同程度降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);2组患者术后眼压组间比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.910,P=0.062,见表2)。
表2 2组手术前后眼压比较Table 2 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure between two groups (P/mmHg)
Note:1 kPa=7.5 mmHg
2.3 前房深度及前房角宽度 2组术前前房深度及前房角宽度比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=0.950、0.964,P=0.346、0.339);2组术后前房深度及前房角宽度较术前均不同程度增加,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.001);2组患者术后前房深度及前房角宽度组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.300、0.924,P=0.199、0.359,见表3)。
表3 2组手术前后前房深度及前房角宽度比较Table 3 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative anterior chamber depth and angle width between two groups (l/mm)
2.4 并发症 A组术后出现一过性眼压增高1眼,角膜水肿1眼;B组术后出现后囊膜撕裂1眼,切口渗血2眼,角膜水肿1眼,前房积血2眼,黄斑水肿1眼;两组并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.383,P=0.036)。
3 讨论
青光眼合并白内障好发于高龄老年人,发生率较高,因高龄老年人机体衰老多病,行动不便,常合并全身疾病,对于手术治疗,患者常常不能很好耐受,且手术风险较大,因此致盲率极高。对于青光眼合并白内障患者,常规单纯行抗青光眼手术,术后视力难以提高,且随着白内障病情的加重,晶状体进一步膨胀,视力会出现急剧下降,甚至可能发生恶性青光眼,出现术后浅前房、高眼压等情况;若行二次白内障手术又将面临手术切口重新选择,手术难度加大、经济负担加重等问题[3-4],因此在行抗青光眼手术的同时行白内障超声乳化术就成为治疗青光眼合并白内障患者的一个切实可行的方法。
对于急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障,晶状体因素在发病过程中具有重要作用。瞳孔阻滞是发生闭角型青光眼的最主要原因,而晶状体是引起瞳孔阻滞的主要原因。随年龄增长和(或)白内障的发展,晶状体逐步增大并紧贴于瞳孔缘,致使虹膜与晶状体之间形成瞳孔阻滞,后房压力高于前房,同时角膜巩膜弹性减弱,对压力的骤变失代偿,因而周边虹膜被推向前,虹膜膨隆闭塞前房角,房水引流障碍致使眼压增高[5-6]。超声乳化术联合小梁切除术有良好的相辅相成作用,具有重要的临床意义:(1)解除了晶状体因素在闭角型青光眼的作用,虹膜变平坦,前房加深,开放了前房角;(2)术中前房内使用黏弹剂,增加了前房内压力,同时能造成对前房角的分离作用;(3)超声的振荡和眼内灌注的湍流冲击效应使原本开放的及术后重新开放的前房角小梁内的糖氨多糖溶解,小梁网孔增大,诱导小梁网细胞分裂和增强小梁细胞的吞噬功能,小梁网通透性增大,房水流出易度提高;(4)对于单纯应用超声乳化术不能完全开放房角、控制眼压的患者,联合小梁切除术可增加外引流,起到辅助降低眼压的作用[7-8]。
本研究术前两组患者基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),两组术后眼压较术前有不同程度下降,视力有不同程度的提高,前房深度及前房角宽度均有显著提高,证实该两种手术方案都能显著地改善急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障患者的临床症状。同时研究表明,两组术后眼压、视力、前房深度及前房角宽度差异均无统计学意义,说明两种手术方案在改善症状方面具有等同的效果。但B组较A组术后并发症发生率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),证实超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术较超声乳化人工晶状体植入术并发症发生率低,是更为安全的手术方式,这一结论与国外很多研究相一致[9-10]。
综上所述,超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障疗效确切,并发症少,可作为优先选择的手术方式。
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date:Jun 28,2014
Accepted date:Sep 28,2014
From theDepartmentofOphthalmology,theFirstPeople’sHospitalofJiujiangCity,Jiujiang332000,JiangxiProvince,China
Clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma with age-related cataract
LIAO Wen-Jiang,LIU Xian-Sheng,YAN Ya-Hong,OU-YANG Jun
phacoemulsification;cataract;acute angle-closure glaucoma;intraocular lens;trabeculectomy
Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma with age-related cataract.Methods Fifty-four patients (56 eyes)with acute angle-closure glaucoma and age-related cataract in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were chosen,and according to the surgical methods,the patients were divided into two groups,28 eyes were performed with phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy (group A),when the other 28 eyes were performed with phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation(group B).The preoperative and postoperative visual acuity,intraocular pressure,anterior chamber depth,anterior chamber angle width and complications of patients in two groups were compared.Results The postoperative visual acuity in two groups were all increased,there were statistical differences (allP<0.05),while there was no statistical difference in postoperative visual acuity between two groups (χ2=0.132,P=0.716).The preoperative intraocular pressure of group A and B were (23.15±2.47)mmHg (1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)and (23.94±3.07)mmHg,respectively,while the postoperative intraocular pressure were (14.95±1.86)mmHg and (13.72±2.41)mmHg,respectively,there was no statistical difference in preoperative intraocular pressure between two groups(t=1.061,P=0.294),and the differences found between the preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure of two groups (allP<0.05),but no difference was found between two groups (t=1.910,P=0.062).The postoperative anterior chamber depth and angle width were all increased,there were significant differences (allP<0.001),but no difference was found between two groups (t=1.300,0.924;P=0.199,0.359).There was no statistical difference in complication between two groups (χ2=4.383,P=0.036).Conclusion Phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma with age-related cataract has good clinical efficacy with less complications,and can be used as the preferred choice.
廖文江,刘贤升,闫亚红,欧阳君.超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并年龄相关性白内障的疗效分析[J].眼科新进展,2014,34(12):1184-1186.
10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0329
廖文江,女,1973年7月出生,副主任医师。联系电话:13879259277;E-mail:lwj1973@163.com
About LIAO Wen-Jiang:Female,born in July,1973.Associate chief physician.Tel:13879259277;E-mail:lwj1973@163.com
2014-06-28
修回日期:2014-09-28
本文编辑:周志新
332000 江西省九江市,九江市第一人民医院眼科
[Rec Adv Ophthalmol,2014,34(12):1184-1186]