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壮筋续骨汤对骨折大鼠血清CT和维生素D3水平的影响和意义

2014-06-28王祥杰等

中国医药科学 2014年4期
关键词:降钙素骨折

王祥杰等

[摘要] 目的 研究壮筋续骨汤对大鼠股骨骨折后降钙素(CT)和活性维生素D3(VitD3)水平影响。方法 成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠72只,切断股骨中段制备骨折模型,采取壮筋续骨汤灌胃治疗。X线观察骨折愈合情况,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清CT和VitD3水平。结果 大鼠骨折后7d骨折线明显,14d纤维性骨痂形成,21d开始钙盐沉着,28d有骨性骨痂形成。大鼠骨折后7~21d,治疗组骨痂结构变化与模型组相应时间比较无明显差异,但至28d治疗组骨痂结构优于模型组。模型组和治疗组大鼠血清CT和VitD3水平在骨折后7~28d明显高于对照组(P<0.05),模型组与治疗组在7~21d无显著差异,但在28d治疗组明显高于模型组(P<0.05)。 结论 壮筋续骨汤可在骨折愈合后期通过维持血清CT和VitD3水平而促进骨折愈合。

[关键词] 壮筋续骨汤;骨折;降钙素;维生素D3;大鼠

[中图分类号] R274.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2014)04-32-04

Effect and significance of ZJXG decoction on the serum levels of CT and VitD3 in femur fracture rats

WANG Xiangjie1 ZHOU Zhen2 WANG Gongguo1 ZHU Hanzhong2 PAN Yuexing1

1.Department of Orthopedics, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Rizhao 276800,China;2.Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College,Qingdao 266021,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of Zhuang Jin Xu Gu(ZJXG) decoction on the serum levels of calcitonin(CT) and active vitamin D3(VitD3) in femoral fracture rats. Methods Femur fractures were generated in 72 male adult Wistar rats by cutting femur transversely at middle point. ZJXG decoction was administered orally after surgery for 28d. The healing process was analyzed by X-ray. The serum levels of CT and VitD3 were assessed by enzyme linked immunobsorbent assay(ELISA). Results X-ray indicated that the fracture line of the femoral fracture-end was clear at 7d, fibrous callus tissue formed at 14d, Ca2+ salt deposited at 21d and osseous callus tissues formed at 28d. During fracture 7-21d, no difference of the callus tissues structure existed between model and treatment groups, but in treatment group it was better than that in model group at 28d. ELISA results showed that the serum levels of CT and VitD3 were higher than those in control group at 7-28d(P<0.05). There were no significant difference between model and treatment groups at 7-21d, but in treatment group it was higher than that in model group at 28d(P<0.05). Conclusion ZJXG decoction could enhance the fracture healing by reducing the decomposition of CT and VitD3 in femur fracture rats.

[Key words] ZJXG decoction;Fracture;Calcitonin;Vitamin D3;Rats

骨组织形成过程中,激素调节与生长因子调节、神经系统调节共同形成了神经-内分泌-局部生长因子调节网络,参与骨组织形成的整个过程[1]。降钙素(calcitonin,CT)、甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)和维生素D3(vitamin D3,VitD3)一起组成维持人体钙磷代谢平衡的三大主要调节激素[2]。CT多肽由32个氨基酸构成,作用于成骨细胞,促进骨小梁改建,加速骨折愈合[3]。1,25二羟基维生素D3(VitD3)是维生素D在体内唯一有活性的形式,是钙被机体吸收的载体,钙只有在活性VitD3的作用下方能被骨骼利用,且能提高成骨细胞的活性,抑制破骨细胞的活性,使骨小梁能正常形成,软骨性骨痂正常骨化[4]。临床应用提示,壮筋续骨汤具有促进骨折愈合的作用,但其作用机制尚不十分清楚[5-6],本实验试图观察壮筋续骨汤对大鼠股骨骨折后血清CT和VitD3水平变化的影响,探讨其促进骨折愈合的机制。endprint

1 材料与方法

1.1 动物分组

成年健康Wistar大鼠72只,雄性,体重220~

240g,清洁级,青岛市药物检验所动物中心提供[SCXK(鲁)20120010]。Wistar大鼠适应性饲养7d后,采用随机数字表法分为对照组24只、模型组24只、治疗组24只。

1.2 模型制备

Wistar大鼠用10%水合氯醛(300mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉后,取俯卧位固定,常规碘伏消毒,严格无菌操作,采用股外侧入路,沿股前、外侧肌肌间隙显露股骨,用低速牙科钻在股骨中段(大转子下1.2cm)切断股骨,复位骨折,应用克氏针(直径1mm,上海医用缝合针厂)髓腔固定,逐层缝合,无菌敷料包扎,手术成功率100%[7],对照组不切断股骨,其余步骤同上。

1.3 治疗方法

壮筋续骨汤根据清代赵濂《伤科大成》配方,由日照市中医医院院制剂室根据《医疗机构中药煎药室管理规范》(国中医药发[2009]3号)制备。每副先后煎煮2次,最终药液总量224mL,含生药量112g,浓度为0.5g/mL。根据前期研究结果证实,每日1.25g/kg(2.5mL/kg)较为理想[8],每日1次,连续28d。对照组和模型组同步给予等量的生理盐水。

1.4 X线摄片

X线摄片(GE Revolution RE/d型,USA)观察骨折愈合情况。

1.5 ELISA

治疗后7、14、21、28d每组各取6只大鼠观察。动物先禁食12h,自腹主动脉采血4mL,4000rpm离心10min,分离血清,ELISA试剂盒(BG公司)测定血清CT和VitD3水平。在测定前室温复溶,再次离心取上清标本100μL,用酶标仪(Bio-Rad 550型,美国)在450nm条件下测定CT和VitD3的吸光度值,依据样品的吸光度值在坐标上标出对应的CT和VitD3浓度,以ng/L表示。

1.6 统计学处理

应用SPSS11.0统计软件处理,计量资料以()表示,两组间比较采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 X线观察

对照组大鼠股骨骨皮质完整,模型组大鼠骨折当天骨折线清晰,骨折7d骨折断端被纤维组织填充,但骨折线仍然明显;至14d纤维性骨痂开始形成,至21d有钙盐沉着,至28d骨性骨痂形成。治疗组大鼠骨折后7~21d,骨痂结构变化与模型组相应时间比较无明显差异,但至28d治疗组骨痂结构优于模型组,皮质及髓腔可辨,成像清晰。

2.2 血清CT水平

从治疗时间方面比较,对照组大鼠血清CT水平在术后7~28d未见显著性变化(t=0.20~1.00,P>0.05)。模型组和治疗组大鼠血清CT水平在术后7~21d也未见显著性变化(t=0.03~1.56,P>0.05),至28d则显著下降(t=5.99~13.36,P<0.05)。组间比较表明:模型组和治疗组大鼠血清CT水平在术后7~28d各时间点均显著高于对照组(t=2.44~19.13,P<0.05);治疗组大鼠血清CT水平术后7~21d与模型组相应时间点比较无显著性差异(t=0.73~1.53,P>0.05),但第28天仍显著高于模型组(t=6.59,P<0.05)和对照组(t=11.75,P<0.05)。见表1。

2.3 血清VitD3水平

从治疗时间方面比较,对照组大鼠血清VitD3水平在术后7~28d未见显著性变化(t=0.55~1.21,P>0.05)。模型组和治疗组大鼠血清VitD3水平在术后7~21d也未见显著性变化(t=0.36~1.90,P>0.05),至28d则显著下降(t=5.90~14.00,P>0.05)。组间比较表明:模型组和治疗组大鼠血清VitD3水平在术后7~28d各时间点均显著高于对照组(t=7.66~23.11,P<0.05);治疗组大鼠血清VitD3水平术后7~21d与模型组相应时间点比较无显著性差异(t=0.23~1.86,P>0.05),但第28天仍显著高于模型组(t=9.51,P<0.05)和对照组(t=17.00,P<0.05)。见表2。

3 讨论

骨折愈合早期,CT能抑制Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达,防止过度炎症反应[9];骨折愈合晚期能促进成骨细胞I型胶原mRNA的表达,抑制Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达,从而促进软骨性骨痂向骨性骨痂转换,维持骨小梁的正常形态,以确保骨的质量[10]。动物实验[11]表明,骨折后应用CT能促进胶原蛋白等骨基质的形成和骨矿化,缩短骨折愈合时间[12],减轻骨折固定所致的废用性骨质疏松症[13]。Shibatab[14]报告,作为活性VitD3代谢药物前体的α-骨化醇,在去卵巢的小鼠骨质疏松模型中,维持正常血钙的药物学剂量能够抑制骨重吸收。Duque[15]发现,活性VitD3能够通过抑制由血清剥夺引起的脱噬作用,从而增加成骨细胞的生存时间。Norman和Adams[16]认为,活性VitD3在维持正常钙化、钙平衡及肠钙吸收起重要作用。适量的钙及活性VitD3的补充可提高骨量,改善骨骼生物力学性能。

中药治疗骨折除了解痉止痛、活血化瘀、去腐生肌等常规作用外,也直接或间接影响骨生长因子的分泌、降解和活性调节。壮筋续骨汤出自清代赵濂编纂的《伤科大成》,其中当归能够活血补血,川芎具有活血祛瘀以止血之效,当归、川芎联合达到祛瘀行滞活血功效;熟地补血滋阴并能益精填髓;黄芪具备补气益气、升阳固表、利水消肿的作用;三七不但散瘀止血,又能消肿定痛;续断既可补肝肾,壮筋骨,又调血脉,促进骨折愈合的疗效;杜仲有补肝肾,强筋骨作用;骨碎补补肾壮骨、续伤镇痛;红花通经活血,祛瘀止痛;白芍补血,缓急止痛。故而壮筋续骨汤具有活血化瘀、接骨续筋、滋补肝肾等作用,符合祖国传统医学“瘀去、新生、骨合”的治疗原则。本次实验结果显示,壮筋续骨汤在骨折术后第1~3周内并没有提高大鼠血清中CT和VitD3水平,只是在21d后,能使血清中CT和VitD3含量继续保持较高水平,说明壮筋续骨汤并不能促进上述激素分泌,可能只是起到减缓其降解速度、延长其半衰期、增强激素活性的作用,从而发挥促进骨折愈合的作用。endprint

[参考文献]

[1] Garcia Delgado I,Preto S,Gil Fraguas L.Calcitonin, etidronate, and calcidiol treatment in bone loss after cardiac transplantation[J].Calcif Tissue Int,1997,60(2):155-159.

[2] Giardino R,Fini M,Nicdi Aldini N,et al.Effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin and alendronate on bone quaiity in ovariectomized rats[J].Minerva Med,1997,88(4):469-477.

[3] Yang D,Guo J,Divieti P,et al.Parathyroid hormone activates PKC-delta and regulates osteoblastic differentiation via a PLC-independent pathway[J].Bone,2006,38(4):485-496.

[4] Wu HW.Research on prevention and treatment of secondary osteoporosis[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine,2004,14(7):75-78.

[5] 王祥杰,周缜,潘月兴,等.壮筋续骨汤促进骨折愈合的实验研究[J].临床医学工程,2012,19(1):33-35.

[6] 王祥杰,周缜,王贯习,等.壮筋续骨汤对骨折大鼠血清BMP和NPY水平的影响[J].临床医学工程,2012,19(2):188-190.

[7] Pan YX,Wang XJ,Du ZX,et al.Zhuang Jin Xu Gu Decoction improves fracture healing in rats by augmenting the expression of NPY[J].J Dent Med Med Sci,2012,3(8):517-521.

[8] 王祥杰,潘月兴,杜志仙,等.壮筋续骨汤对大鼠骨折骨痂中骨形态发生蛋白-7和神经肽Y表达的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(8):2420-2422.

[9] 郑朋飞,董展,王结果,等.降钙素经ERK-MAPK信号通路调控成骨细胞核心结合因子a1mRNA表达[J].实用临床医药杂志,2009,13(4):35-38.

[10] Mehta NM,Malootian A,Gilligan JP.Calcitonin for osteoporosis and bone pain[J].Curr Pharm Des,2003,9(32):2659-2676.

[11] Wallach S,Rousseau G,Martin L.Effects of calcitonin on animal and in vitro modds of skeletal metabolism[J].Bone,1999,25:509-516.

[12] 李晓林,罗新乐,余楠生,等.鲑鱼降钙素对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影响[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2003,9(2):111-113.

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(上接第页)

[13] Petersen MM,Lauritzen JB,Schwarz P.Effect of nasal calcitonin on post-traumatic osteopenia following ankle fracture, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 24 patients[J].Acta Orthop Scand,1998,69(3):347-350.

[14] Shibata T,Shira-ishi A,Sato T,et al.Vitamin D hormone inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo by decreasing the pool of osteoclast precursors in bone marrow[J].J Bone Miner Res,2002,17(4):622-629.

[15] Duque G,El Abdaimi K,Henderson JE,et al.Vitamin D inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts by regulating components of both the mitochondrial and Fas-related pathways[J].Bone,2004,35(1):57-64.

[16] Adams JS,Kantorvich V,Wu C,et al.Resolution of vitamin D insufficiency in osteopenic patients results in rapid recovery of bone mineral density[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84(7):729-2732.

(收稿日期:2013-12-14)endprint

[参考文献]

[1] Garcia Delgado I,Preto S,Gil Fraguas L.Calcitonin, etidronate, and calcidiol treatment in bone loss after cardiac transplantation[J].Calcif Tissue Int,1997,60(2):155-159.

[2] Giardino R,Fini M,Nicdi Aldini N,et al.Effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin and alendronate on bone quaiity in ovariectomized rats[J].Minerva Med,1997,88(4):469-477.

[3] Yang D,Guo J,Divieti P,et al.Parathyroid hormone activates PKC-delta and regulates osteoblastic differentiation via a PLC-independent pathway[J].Bone,2006,38(4):485-496.

[4] Wu HW.Research on prevention and treatment of secondary osteoporosis[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine,2004,14(7):75-78.

[5] 王祥杰,周缜,潘月兴,等.壮筋续骨汤促进骨折愈合的实验研究[J].临床医学工程,2012,19(1):33-35.

[6] 王祥杰,周缜,王贯习,等.壮筋续骨汤对骨折大鼠血清BMP和NPY水平的影响[J].临床医学工程,2012,19(2):188-190.

[7] Pan YX,Wang XJ,Du ZX,et al.Zhuang Jin Xu Gu Decoction improves fracture healing in rats by augmenting the expression of NPY[J].J Dent Med Med Sci,2012,3(8):517-521.

[8] 王祥杰,潘月兴,杜志仙,等.壮筋续骨汤对大鼠骨折骨痂中骨形态发生蛋白-7和神经肽Y表达的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(8):2420-2422.

[9] 郑朋飞,董展,王结果,等.降钙素经ERK-MAPK信号通路调控成骨细胞核心结合因子a1mRNA表达[J].实用临床医药杂志,2009,13(4):35-38.

[10] Mehta NM,Malootian A,Gilligan JP.Calcitonin for osteoporosis and bone pain[J].Curr Pharm Des,2003,9(32):2659-2676.

[11] Wallach S,Rousseau G,Martin L.Effects of calcitonin on animal and in vitro modds of skeletal metabolism[J].Bone,1999,25:509-516.

[12] 李晓林,罗新乐,余楠生,等.鲑鱼降钙素对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影响[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2003,9(2):111-113.

(下转第页)

(上接第页)

[13] Petersen MM,Lauritzen JB,Schwarz P.Effect of nasal calcitonin on post-traumatic osteopenia following ankle fracture, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 24 patients[J].Acta Orthop Scand,1998,69(3):347-350.

[14] Shibata T,Shira-ishi A,Sato T,et al.Vitamin D hormone inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo by decreasing the pool of osteoclast precursors in bone marrow[J].J Bone Miner Res,2002,17(4):622-629.

[15] Duque G,El Abdaimi K,Henderson JE,et al.Vitamin D inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts by regulating components of both the mitochondrial and Fas-related pathways[J].Bone,2004,35(1):57-64.

[16] Adams JS,Kantorvich V,Wu C,et al.Resolution of vitamin D insufficiency in osteopenic patients results in rapid recovery of bone mineral density[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84(7):729-2732.

(收稿日期:2013-12-14)endprint

[参考文献]

[1] Garcia Delgado I,Preto S,Gil Fraguas L.Calcitonin, etidronate, and calcidiol treatment in bone loss after cardiac transplantation[J].Calcif Tissue Int,1997,60(2):155-159.

[2] Giardino R,Fini M,Nicdi Aldini N,et al.Effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin and alendronate on bone quaiity in ovariectomized rats[J].Minerva Med,1997,88(4):469-477.

[3] Yang D,Guo J,Divieti P,et al.Parathyroid hormone activates PKC-delta and regulates osteoblastic differentiation via a PLC-independent pathway[J].Bone,2006,38(4):485-496.

[4] Wu HW.Research on prevention and treatment of secondary osteoporosis[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine,2004,14(7):75-78.

[5] 王祥杰,周缜,潘月兴,等.壮筋续骨汤促进骨折愈合的实验研究[J].临床医学工程,2012,19(1):33-35.

[6] 王祥杰,周缜,王贯习,等.壮筋续骨汤对骨折大鼠血清BMP和NPY水平的影响[J].临床医学工程,2012,19(2):188-190.

[7] Pan YX,Wang XJ,Du ZX,et al.Zhuang Jin Xu Gu Decoction improves fracture healing in rats by augmenting the expression of NPY[J].J Dent Med Med Sci,2012,3(8):517-521.

[8] 王祥杰,潘月兴,杜志仙,等.壮筋续骨汤对大鼠骨折骨痂中骨形态发生蛋白-7和神经肽Y表达的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(8):2420-2422.

[9] 郑朋飞,董展,王结果,等.降钙素经ERK-MAPK信号通路调控成骨细胞核心结合因子a1mRNA表达[J].实用临床医药杂志,2009,13(4):35-38.

[10] Mehta NM,Malootian A,Gilligan JP.Calcitonin for osteoporosis and bone pain[J].Curr Pharm Des,2003,9(32):2659-2676.

[11] Wallach S,Rousseau G,Martin L.Effects of calcitonin on animal and in vitro modds of skeletal metabolism[J].Bone,1999,25:509-516.

[12] 李晓林,罗新乐,余楠生,等.鲑鱼降钙素对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影响[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2003,9(2):111-113.

(下转第页)

(上接第页)

[13] Petersen MM,Lauritzen JB,Schwarz P.Effect of nasal calcitonin on post-traumatic osteopenia following ankle fracture, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 24 patients[J].Acta Orthop Scand,1998,69(3):347-350.

[14] Shibata T,Shira-ishi A,Sato T,et al.Vitamin D hormone inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo by decreasing the pool of osteoclast precursors in bone marrow[J].J Bone Miner Res,2002,17(4):622-629.

[15] Duque G,El Abdaimi K,Henderson JE,et al.Vitamin D inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts by regulating components of both the mitochondrial and Fas-related pathways[J].Bone,2004,35(1):57-64.

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(收稿日期:2013-12-14)endprint

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