实施模仿训练培养写作能力

王青娟

摘要：模仿写作训练是提高学生英语学习质量，帮助学生获得学习成就感，增强其学习信心与兴趣的重要手段。本文从自编短文和模写范文等方面探讨了模仿写作的问题。

关键词：写作教学；模仿训练；能力培养

仿写能直接提高学生谋篇布局和衔接上下文的能力，在仿照范文写作的过程中，学生可以学会使用语言、段落、篇章的表达方法。

一、模拟课文，自编短文

高中英语新教材突出的特点之一就是内容丰富、题材多样，每个单元围绕一个话题，并有一篇具有指导性的阅读性的习作。教师可以教材中的范文为例，要求学生利用课本内容，编写类似问题的对话和短文。让学生模拟仿写课本内容，一方面使学生更深层地巩固课本知识，另一方面教师通过语篇分析，培养学生建构篇章的能力、学习写作技巧、提高写作质量，增强学生对英语的敏感度，培养语感，同时，这些课本内容也为学生提供了写作范例，从而使学生觉得写作不再是遥不可及的事情。学生不仅可以适当地运用和引用课文中的词语和句子来轻松地表达自己的思想，而且还可以理解和体会作者在构思、措辞、篇章结构的过渡等方面的写作技巧，从而有效地提高了学生英语写作水平。

二、模写范文，有的放矢

首先，由教师提供不同题材的优秀范文，然后和学生一起从结构、人称、时态、词汇、承接等方面进行分析，帮助学生学习和体会作者在融思想和内容为一体，处理主题句和其他细节句的关系、篇章结构的过渡等方面的写作技巧；帮助学生分析文章采用的线索、分析开头和结尾的技巧、归纳整理好的表达方式和句子结构等，让学生欣赏领会其可取之处。接着教师布置相应的作文，让学生边学边用，由领会式掌握自然转为复用式掌握。这样利用范文让学生有机会比较自己的构思，从而发现问题，产生顿悟之感，写出表述自然、布局合理、中心突出的好文章。

写作材料：请根据下面提示，写一篇题为SMOKING的短文，100词左右.开头已给出。

It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health.

范文：It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health. Smoking can lead to heart disease， cancer and other problems and 2.5 million people die from smoking each year.

Still， many people find it difficult to stop smoking. One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habit， which is not easy to be given up. Another reason is the effect of nicotine， which is contained in tobacco.

Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm of smoking. In many cities， smoking is forbidden in public places. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. World “No Tobacco Day” has been set against smoking.

教师分析范文。

1.段落的开展

topic sentence -supporting sentence

⑴It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health.

⑵Still， many people find it difficult to stop smoking.

⑶Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm of smoking

2.精彩佳句

⑴One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habit， which is not easy to be given up. Another reason is the effect of nicotine， which is contained in tobacco.

（分析：表语从句与非限制性定语从句的应用使文章行文简洁、结构严谨、句法得当）

⑵Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the of smoking. In many cities， smoking is forbidden in public places. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. World “No Tobacco Day” has been set against smoking.

（分析：比较主动句和被动句在此段应用的区别，被动句强调事实，句子的感染力和表现力更胜于主动句）

⑶精彩词汇：lead to ， die from， find it difficult to do something， give up， take measures to do something， keep away from， warn sb of the danger

（分析：高级词汇的使用使文章表达准确、生动）

⑷逻辑过渡：still的使用使文章逻辑清楚、连贯。

⑸辩词：disease/sickness； contain/include； die from/die of； warn… of/warn…against

学生习作（略）

参考文献：

[1]衡玉荣.谈高中生在模仿中学习英语写作[J].教育教学论坛，2011，（7）.

[2]刘丽，李勇.提高英语写作的新途径——模仿[J].现代交际，2013，（11）.

（作者单位：浙江省台州温岭市松门中学 317511）