纸教堂，基督城，新西兰

2014-02-20建筑设计坂茂建筑事务所

世界建筑 2014年10期

建筑设计：坂茂建筑事务所

纸教堂，基督城，新西兰

建筑设计：坂茂建筑事务所

1 夜景/Night view

2011年2月22日，基督城发生里氏6.3级地震，185人遇难。市中心80%的建筑遭到破坏或已无法修复。基督城的象征“广场大教堂”塔尖倒塌，建筑的其余部分严重损毁。2011年5月，一座临时性大教堂被列上日程。“纸”教堂应运而生。这座建筑给城市带来了一个纪念性空间，同时又是音乐、展览、社区和公共活动的多功能场地。等长的纸筒和约6m（20英尺）的货运集装箱组成了一个三角形。因为形式是由原教堂的平立面决定的，所以纸筒的排列角度是渐变的。这座大教堂能容纳700人，也可以作为活动和音乐会的空间。

纸教堂的家具

从座椅开始，所有的15件家具都是定制设计的，包括桌子、讲台、合唱台、善款箱、烛台和公告板。使用的材料主要为木材和纸筒。在表达这些材料内在垂直性的同时，每件家具都是为烘托大教堂的整体气氛而精心设计的。（尚晋译）

On February 22, 2011, Christchurch experienced a devastating 6.3-magnitude earthquake. 185 people lost their lives and more than 80% of buildings downtown were either destroyed or damaged beyond repair. The spire of Christchurch's iconic "Cathedral in the Square" collapsed. The remainder of the building was severely damaged. In May of 2011, the construction of a temporary cathedral was put on schedule. Hence a paper cathedral came into being. It brings the city a monumental space that serves simultaneously for musical performances, exhibitions, and public activities. A triangle facade is formed by paper tubes of equal size and 6-meter/20-foot shipping containers. As the form is decided by the original facade, the paper tubes are set at progressively changing angles. This cathedral has a capacity of 700 people and also functions as an event and concert place.

Cardboard Cathedral Furniture

Beginning with the chairs, all 15 furniture items are specially designed, including the desks, pulpit, the choir stalls, donation boxes, candle holders, and bulletin board. The main materials used are wood and paper tubes. While expressing the inherent verticality of the materials, each item was carefully designed to enhance the overall ambiance of the cathedral.

项目信息/Credits and Data

项目团队/Project Team: Shigeru Ban, Yoshie Narimatsu, Voluntary Architects' Network

协助建筑师/Associate Architects: Warren and Mahoney/ Peter Marshall, Eugene Coleman

结构设计/Structural Engineers: Tezuka Structural Research and Laboratory, Holmes Consulting Group

总承建方/General Contractor: Naylor Love

建成时间/Construction Period: 2013.07

摄影/Photos: Bridgit Anderson (Fig.1, 5,9), Steven Goodenough (Fig.2,3,6-8,12,13)

2 内景/Interior view

3 外景/Exterior view

4 来自富山的家庭聚集在2011年2月22日地震中13名日本学生遇难的地点/Families from Toyama City gather on the site where 13 Japanese students lost their lives in the February 22 earthquake, 2011.

董功：作为在2011年地震中损毁的教堂的临时替代建筑，纸教堂的主体结构是架在两翼集装箱上的纸筒，它们形成序列，和敷设在外层的阳光板一起，过滤并柔和穿越其间的阳光，使教堂内部的光环境均匀、平静、安详。这座教堂呈现着坂茂在建筑中一贯的对于“轻”的偏好。而这种建筑本体的语言取向，是否来源于他对于自然和灾难的思考？“轻”作为一种当代人类面对自然的态度，也许可以在根本上改善日益加剧的环境恶化，消解灾难给人类带来的痛苦。

庄慎：致意

从被地震损坏并造成大量罹难者的主教堂东西立面的抽象轮廓出发，创造一个变截面的现代形式和空间，这种延续性和形式美颇具说服力。然而，赋予这座教堂更大的魅力的还是纸管：巨型的用作建材，小型的制成家具。当纸质材料经过特殊而复杂的工业化加工工艺，在较短时间内重建起一座具有象征意义的公共空间时，这种方式将工业体系的“制造”隐没于“建造”的追求之心中，于是，在这上帝之家，与造物之主呼应的致意之情就油然而生了。

5 内景/Interior view

Comments

DONG Gong: Built as a temporary replacement of the church destroyed by the earthquake in 2011, the main structure of the Cardboard Cathedral is formed by paper tubes sitting on the containers at both ends. They come in sequence. Together with the polycarbonate panel above, they filter and soften the sunlight passing through, making the interior space gentle, peaceful and tranquil. The Cardboard Cathedral reveals Shigeru Ban's preference for "lightness" in architecture. I am wondering if this linguistic tendency of architectural ontology comes from his thoughts on the nature and disaster. As a contemporary attitude towards nature, "lightness" may, in a fundamental, prevent progressive environmental deterioration and relieve people from the pains brought about by natural disasters.

ZHUANG Shen: Tribute

A modern form and space with varied cross-sections is created from the abstract outline of the east and west facades of the church that was damaged by the earthquake and killed a large number of people. The beauty in this continuity and form is convincing. Nevertheless, it is paper tubes that endow the church with greater charm: The large tubes are used as building materials and the small ones as furniture. When paper, after special and complicated industrial processing, is applied to the reconstruction of a symbolic public space in a fairly short time, the "manufacturing" of the industrial system is hidden in pursue of "construction".Thus, in the home of God, arises naturally a tribute to the Creator.

Cardboard Cathedral, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2013

Architects: Shigeru Ban Architects