虚拟语气的考点归纳与解题指导

黄丽

一、考点归纳

语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

1. if条件句中的虚拟语气。

虚拟条件句从句和主句的动词形式（以do为例）列表如下：

注意：

（1）混合虚拟语气①：即主、从句虚拟的不是同一时间，注意各自的时态。

（2）混合虚拟语气②：即主句和从句中，一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。

（3）虚拟中的倒装：如果if引导的虚拟条件从句中含were，had， should等，可将其置于句首，省略if。

（4）含蓄虚拟：如without，but for，in the absence of （如果没有）引出的短语代替if从句，或者or，otherwise代替if从句。

2. 其他句型中的虚拟语气。

（1）句型It is important/necessary/natural/strange/surprising/...+ that...或It is a rule/a shame/a pity/an honor/no wonder /...+ that...

以上从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以根据情况翻译成“应该”或“居然”。

（2）表示“建议/要求/劝告/命令”类词，如advise/ demand/desire/insist/order/propose/recommend/request/require/suggest/urge等，作动词时，其后的宾语从句中，或其名词、形容词、过去分词等后的名词性从句中，从句动词用（should+）动词原形。

注意：当suggest意为“表明、暗示”，insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。

（3）as if/as though/would rather等后面的从句，从句时态往后退一步，即：表示现在/将来用were/did；表示过去用had done。

（4）wish/If only/What if从句中，对将来的虚拟用“could /would+动词原形”，对现在或过去的虚拟时态往后各退一步。

（5）句型It is（high）time（that）...定语从句中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were）或“should+动词原形”，should不可以省略，意思是“到了该做……的时间了（言外之意是还未做）”。

（6）“情态动词+have done”表责备或后悔的句型：

ought to/should have done 本应该做（实际没做）

could/might have done 本可以做（实际未做）

neednt have done 本没必要做（实际做了）

二、解法指导

语法填空中考查虚拟语气的常见形式：括号内给出动词原形，该动词在主句或从句中充当谓语，根据上述情况判断需要使用虚拟语气来确定其形式。

写作中要求使用虚拟语气的常见形式：“假如你是……”或“如果没有……，……会怎样？”

1. 让学困生能轻松记住if条件句中的虚拟语气。

笔者发现，If虚拟条件句这个表格对于一部分学生来说总是很难记住。因此，推荐牢记下面常用句的方法，可简化记忆，以不变应万变：

（1）对现在和对将来的虚拟都通用：If I were you，I would go there.

（2）对过去的虚拟：If I had done my homework at that time，I would have gone to the park.

（3）对将来的虚拟：If it rained/should rain/were to rain，we wouldnt go there.

实在不行，再简化一点记忆，用介词短语等表达。如：

Without air，we couldnt live.

Without your help，I couldnt have made such great progress.

2. 虚拟语气的语用功能。

虚拟语气含有丰富的语用功能。说话者一般都是借“虚拟情况”委婉表达一个言外之意，带有某种感情色彩。例如：

（1）I didnt work hard，so I didnt pass the exam.

（2）If I had worked harder，I would have passed the exam.

上述两个句子都表达同样的事实：我没有努力学习，所以考试没有及格。但为什么第（2）句的表达要出彩很多呢？原因就在于句（1）只是反映一个事实，没有附加其他意义；而句（2）使用了虚拟语气，它带有一种感情色彩：表达了作者的“懊恼、悔恨”之情。所以，虚拟语气绝不是单纯地表达一个相反的事实，而是通过相反的事实表达弦外之音、言外之意！

3. 在遇到“表达感激、追悔往昔、寄托愿望、提出倡议”等话题时主动秀出虚拟语气。

在写作中即使没有明确要求使用虚拟语气，但是它的适时出现能够让我们的写作大放光彩。比如2011年广州一模读写任务要求写一篇读后感，说明 “诚信的重要性”，内容包括：____

（1）你读后的感受；（2）以你或他人的经历说明；（3）谈谈你从中悟出的道理。

以上三个要点中若能恰当地使用虚拟语气，可以分别传达出：作者认为诚信之于成功的重要；表达对拥有诚信的庆幸、感激之情；并且委婉地提出建议。endprint

（1）... Without this quality，like the student above，success could never be attained.

（2）... I am fully convinced that he would have been unlikely to become a great man but for his honesty.

（3）...It is high time that we became/should become aware of the importance of being honest.

三、 真题破解

[例1]（2012年广东高考）He walked in as if he____ 17____

（buy）the school.

解析：在主格he后，buy显然作谓语；根据语境，这个学生不可能已买下了这个学校，因此，用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。

[例2]（2009年广东高考）读写任务要点（2）：假如你处在那些动物的处境， 你会有什么反应。（参考范文见第11期）

[例3]（2013年广东高考）读写任务要点（2）：假如没有清洁工，环境会变得如何？（参考范文见第11期）

四、即时练习

语篇填空 在空格处填入一个适当的词或用所给词的正确形式填空。

（一）

We love our headteacher，who treats us as if we____1____（be）her children. Last weekend，she led us to the Fairy Lake Park. Before leaving，she required us that we____ 2____（mind）our behavior in public places，suggesting our____ 3____（take）our own rubbish after staying in one place. After getting there，everyones eyes were wild____4____excitement. After squeezing into the boats，some students____5____（spit）and even threw rubbish into the lake. They ate，talked and laughed loudly as if they____6____（be） the only people in the world. What a shame！ Such behavior left me deep in thought. If all visitors to the park____7____（act）as they did，the lake would____8____（pollute）severely and soon turned into a huge dustbin. You know，the dustmens jobs are very tiring. If we could put ourselves in their place，we____9____（know）what hardships they are enduring when cleaning those rubbish. Its time that we students____10____（enhance）the environmental awareness！

（二）

A terrible typhoon hit our city last month，____1____ （cause）4 deaths. Had it happened during the day time，there would____2____

（be）many more deaths. Unfortunately，my best friend Tony was badly hurt during this disaster since he____3____（drive）home at that time. Many friends went to see him the next day. I was ill that day，otherwise I would____4____（join）them. Later they called me because they had much difficulty____5____（find）his home. Before their going，I told Tonys address，but perhaps I should____ 6____

（write）it out for her. In the following week，we would have a football match against our neighbor city. We could____7____ （put）Tonys name on the list but for his recent injury. To our surprise，Tony came to cheer us in a wheelchair on the day of the match，but I would rather he____8____（stay）at home. We were inspired by his appearance. However，he couldnt stand at all the next day for his early rising. If only he____9____（lie）quietly as the doctor suggested，he would not suffer so much now. Thank God！He is better now. He said he couldnt____10____（go）through that bitter period without his mothers care and attention. How I wish Tony could recover and join us again！endprint

写作运用 在下列写作中恰当运用虚拟语气。

（一）以约70词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：（1）你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法；（2）你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。

（二）以约80词对以下现象进行议论：假如同学们都能通过互联网在家学习而不用回学校，你对此有何看法？

参考答案与范文

语篇填空

（一）本文通过描述学生外出游玩时随地乱扔垃圾的现象，作者对此的愤怒反应及提出的建议。文中七处用到了虚拟语气。

1. were 2.（should）mind 3. taking 4. with 5. spat____ 6. were 7. acted 8. be polluted 9. would know____ 10. should enhance/enhanced

（二）本文描述了“我”与好朋友Tony之间的感人友谊。文中八处用到了虚拟语气。

1. causing 2. have been 3. was driving 4. have joined____ 5. finding____ 6. have written 7. have put 8. had stayed 9. had lain 10. have gone

写作运用

（一）It is strange that nowadays many parents should give their children money to encourage them to study hard.（惊讶）Of course，children are happy to receive money as a reward. In my opinion，it is necessary that parents should encourage children to study hard，but it is wrong to use money as a way.（建议）

So I suggest parents should guide their children to form a good habit of learning. Whats more，it is high time that parents encouraged their children with action.（进一步倡议）

（二）If we students had a chance to study at home through the Internet，we would surely study more freely than at school. However， I dont totally agree with it. In my opinion， its disadvantages outweigh its advantages.（亮明观点）For one thing，studying at home would make us lack the determination and passion for study. Thats mainly because schools are the places where we can compete with our classmates， which motivates us to study.（后果一）For another， sitting in front of the computer，we could hardly resist playing computer games，making it difficult for us to focus on the study as well as doing harm to our eyesight. How dreadful it would be！（后果二）____

（作者单位：开平市开侨中学）

责任编校 蒋小青 陈春阳endprint

写作运用 在下列写作中恰当运用虚拟语气。

（一）以约70词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：（1）你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法；（2）你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。

（二）以约80词对以下现象进行议论：假如同学们都能通过互联网在家学习而不用回学校，你对此有何看法？

参考答案与范文

语篇填空

（一）本文通过描述学生外出游玩时随地乱扔垃圾的现象，作者对此的愤怒反应及提出的建议。文中七处用到了虚拟语气。

1. were 2.（should）mind 3. taking 4. with 5. spat____ 6. were 7. acted 8. be polluted 9. would know____ 10. should enhance/enhanced

（二）本文描述了“我”与好朋友Tony之间的感人友谊。文中八处用到了虚拟语气。

1. causing 2. have been 3. was driving 4. have joined____ 5. finding____ 6. have written 7. have put 8. had stayed 9. had lain 10. have gone

写作运用

（一）It is strange that nowadays many parents should give their children money to encourage them to study hard.（惊讶）Of course，children are happy to receive money as a reward. In my opinion，it is necessary that parents should encourage children to study hard，but it is wrong to use money as a way.（建议）

So I suggest parents should guide their children to form a good habit of learning. Whats more，it is high time that parents encouraged their children with action.（进一步倡议）

（二）If we students had a chance to study at home through the Internet，we would surely study more freely than at school. However， I dont totally agree with it. In my opinion， its disadvantages outweigh its advantages.（亮明观点）For one thing，studying at home would make us lack the determination and passion for study. Thats mainly because schools are the places where we can compete with our classmates， which motivates us to study.（后果一）For another， sitting in front of the computer，we could hardly resist playing computer games，making it difficult for us to focus on the study as well as doing harm to our eyesight. How dreadful it would be！（后果二）____

（作者单位：开平市开侨中学）

责任编校 蒋小青 陈春阳endprint

写作运用 在下列写作中恰当运用虚拟语气。

（一）以约70词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：（1）你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法；（2）你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。

（二）以约80词对以下现象进行议论：假如同学们都能通过互联网在家学习而不用回学校，你对此有何看法？

参考答案与范文

语篇填空

（一）本文通过描述学生外出游玩时随地乱扔垃圾的现象，作者对此的愤怒反应及提出的建议。文中七处用到了虚拟语气。

1. were 2.（should）mind 3. taking 4. with 5. spat____ 6. were 7. acted 8. be polluted 9. would know____ 10. should enhance/enhanced

（二）本文描述了“我”与好朋友Tony之间的感人友谊。文中八处用到了虚拟语气。

1. causing 2. have been 3. was driving 4. have joined____ 5. finding____ 6. have written 7. have put 8. had stayed 9. had lain 10. have gone

写作运用

（一）It is strange that nowadays many parents should give their children money to encourage them to study hard.（惊讶）Of course，children are happy to receive money as a reward. In my opinion，it is necessary that parents should encourage children to study hard，but it is wrong to use money as a way.（建议）

So I suggest parents should guide their children to form a good habit of learning. Whats more，it is high time that parents encouraged their children with action.（进一步倡议）

（二）If we students had a chance to study at home through the Internet，we would surely study more freely than at school. However， I dont totally agree with it. In my opinion， its disadvantages outweigh its advantages.（亮明观点）For one thing，studying at home would make us lack the determination and passion for study. Thats mainly because schools are the places where we can compete with our classmates， which motivates us to study.（后果一）For another， sitting in front of the computer，we could hardly resist playing computer games，making it difficult for us to focus on the study as well as doing harm to our eyesight. How dreadful it would be！（后果二）____

（作者单位：开平市开侨中学）

责任编校 蒋小青 陈春阳endprint