谈谈from +where引导的从句

闫跃

作为表示起源的介词，from的宾语除了可由名词或代词充当外，还可以由副词或介词短语充当。如：

Lastly， were going to visit Athens， and fly home from there. 最后，我们将访问雅典，然后从那儿乘飞机回国。

We heard noises coming from upstairs， but we didnt pay much attention to them. 我们听到了楼上传来的响声，但我们没怎么在意。

He crawled out from under the table. 他从桌子下面爬了出来。

They were elected from among the workers. 他们是从工人当中选出来的。

副词或介词短语可以用作另一介词的宾语，这也是关系副词where能够位于介词from之后充当其宾语的依据。

一、关系副词where作介词from的宾语

介词from之后可接一个由关系副词where引导的定语从句，或者说form where可以用来引出一个定语从句，相当于 and from there（从那儿），其先行词是主句中表示地点的名词或介词短语。

1. from where 引导的定语从句以地点名词作先行词。

Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric， but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land， from where he eventually reached Greenland. 比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但他被飓风吹离航线，刮到一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。

She climbed up to the top of the hill，from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。

We went up to the roof，from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬到屋顶，从那儿我们可以一览整个行进队伍。

以地点名词作先行词时，from where也可引出一个限制性定语从句，如：

This is the place from where the river branches out. 这就是河流从此分流的地方。

We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the village below. 我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。

上面五个句子中的form where不宜改为from which，原因在于定语从句改成一个由and连接的独立分句之后，替代关系副词where的并非代词it/them，而是回指名词先行项的地点副词there，表示先行词所指的相关地点。

2. from where 引导的定语从句以介词短语作先行词。

Tom hid himself behind the door， from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. 汤姆躲在门后，从那他能清楚地听到他妈妈的脚步声。

After supper，he usually stoodnear the window，from wherehe could see the tower，the tallest building of the town. 晚饭之后，他通常站在窗边，从这里他可以看见那座塔，这是镇里最高的建筑物了。

Look over there！ Some people are standing under the big tree，from whereyou can enjoy the whole view. 往那看！一些人站在那棵大树底下，从那里你可以一览整个风光。

There are rootsaround the old bamboo roots，from where young roots will grow up straight and high. 在竹子的老根周围又长出新根，新根将长得又高又直。

Alice stood in front of the window， from whereshe could watch her classmates playing football. 艾丽斯站在窗前，她从那里能看到她的同学在踢足球。

二、连接副词where引导的名词性从句作from的宾语

连接副词where引导的名词性从句可以充当from的宾语，此时where前可视为省略了the place/position，整个结构的意思是“从/离……的地方”“从/按……的立场”。如：

He swam across the riverfrom where the river was deepest. 他从河水最深的地方游了过去。

He lives ten milesfrom where Im living. 他住在离我现在住的地方十英里处。

The school was only a few blocksfrom where she lived. 学校离她住的地方只有几个街区的距离。

From where we stand，there can be only one choice. 从我们的角度看，只能有一个选择。

From where Im standing，it seems like shes being unreasonable. 我觉得她好像是不讲道理。

综上所述，where引导的从句位于介词from之后时存在两种情况，一种是where引导的定语从句，关系副词where作from的宾语，其先行词为主句中表示地点的名词或介词短语；另外一种是where引导的名词性从句，where是连接副词，其引导的整个句子作from的宾语。

（作者单位：中山市龙山中学）

责任编校 蒋小青 陈志萍endprint