定语从句题考法大揭秘

山东省临清市 于小燕 供稿

在复合句中作定语、修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词that,which,who(whom,whose)和关系副词when,where,why。弄清楚什么是先行词以及关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，是解题的关键。

一、考查关系代词that引导的定语从句

关系代词that既可指人也可指物，可以代替who，whom和which。that在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语，还可作表语。作宾语、表语时可省略。例如：

1.Do you like music_______makes you relaxed?

A.it B.whatC.who D.that

【解析】先行词music指物，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，关系代词要用that，选D。

2.—The village_______I visited last year has changed a lot.

—Really?I hope to go there one day.A.that B.who C.when

【解析】先行词the village指物，要填的引导词在从句中作visited的宾语，所以关系代词用that，选A。

3.My father is no longer the man that he was.

我的爸爸已经不是过去的样子了。

【解析】关系词that在从句中作表语。

二、考查关系代词which引导的定语从句

关系代词which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语，作宾语时常可省略。例如：

1.This is my beautiful school_______is near the famous library.

A.where B.which C.who D.when

【解析】先行词school指物，要填的引导词在从句中充当主语，因此关系代词用which，选 B。

2.—Have you found the information about the famous people_______you can use for the report?

—Not yet.I’ll search some on the Internet.

A.who B.whatC.whom D.which

【解析】the information about the famous people意思是“关于著名人物的信息”，先行词information指物，要填的引导词在从句中作use的宾语，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，选D。

3.—What are you looking for?

—I’m looking for the pen_______I bought yesterday.

A.who B.which C.whose

【解析】先行词the pen指物，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，因此该空要用关系代词which引导定语从句，选B。

【温馨提示】

先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，通常情况下，关系词既可用that，也可用which。但在下列情况下，先行词指物时，只能用that引导，不能用which引导。

(1)当先行词是不定代词everything，anything，nothing等或被某些不定代词修饰时；

(2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；

(3)当先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时；

(4)当主句以there be开头时；

(5)当先行词前面有 the very，the only，the same等修饰语时。

1.There are lots of things_______I need to prepare before the trip.

A.who B.that

C.whom D.whose

【解析】先行词things指物，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，只能用that，选B。

2.I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places_______you can visit during the winter holidays.

A.where B.which

C.what D.that

【解析】先行词places被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，因此该空只能选用关系代词that，选 D。

三、考查关系代词who,whom,whose引导的定语从句

关系代词who指人，在从句中作主语；whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略；先行词在从句中作宾语时，whom可用who代替，如果关系词whom紧跟在介词后，只能用whom；whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。例如：

1.Do you know the girl_______is singing in the classroom?

A.who B.which C.when

【解析】句意为：你认识正在教室里唱歌的那个女孩吗？先行词the girl指人，要填的引导词充当定语从句中的主语，因此该空应填关系代词who，答案为A。

2.Jim dislikes people_______ talk much but never do anything.

A.whom B.when

C.whose D.who

【解析】先行词people指人，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，所以选用关系代词who引导定语从句，答案为D。

3.Friends are those_______make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.

A.which B.whatC.whom D.who

【解析】先行词those在此指人，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，因此该空选用关系代词who引导定语从句，答案为D。

4.The girl_______you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.

A.whose B.which C.whom D.what

【解析】先行词the girl指人，要填的引导词在从句中作talked with的宾语，关系代词要用whom，答案为C。

5.I like the teacher_______classes are very interesting and creative.

A.which B.who C.whatD.whose

【解析】先行词the teacher指人，要填的引导词在从句中充当定语来修饰主语classes，所以关系代词要用whose，答案为D。

6.He is one of the experienced engineers in this company_______hard work was repaid with the development of the company.

A.where B.whose

C.in which D.that

【解析】先行词one of the experienced engineers指人，意思是“众多有经验的工程师之一”，关系代词whose引导定语从句且作定语来修饰work，答案为B。

四、考查关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句

关系副词when,where,why起连接主句与从句的作用，同时又在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。

（一）when指时间，在从句中充当时间状语，且先行词都是表示时间的名词。如time,month,day,hour,date,week,year等。

1.I began to work in Shanghai in the year_______Hong Kong was returned to China.

A.that B.which C.where D.when

【解析】句意为：我是在香港回归中国的那一年开始在上海工作的。先行词the year指时间，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，选D。

2.I can’t forget the time_______the earthquake happened in Yushu.

A.when B.which C.that D.where

【解析】句意为：我不能忘记在玉树地震发生的那一刻。先行词the time是表示时间的名词，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，选A。

（二）where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语从句，先行词为表地点的名词。如place,room,house,factory,school,city,town,spot等。

1.This is the school_______I studied three years ago.

A.where B.when C.that D.which

【解析】先行词the school为地点名词，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，选A。

2.—What do you usually do in your leisure time?

—I enjoy reading in the library_______I lose myself in a world of good books.

A.which B.that C.where

【解析】先行词in the library指地点，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，选C。

（三）why表原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语，why的先行词只有一个：reason。

1.I know the reason_______she didn’t come yesterday.

A.which B.that C.why D.where

【解析】先行词the reason表原因，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，选C。